This is the Earth and Life Science self-learning module for Senior High School, Quarter 1, Module 5: Exogenic Processes. It was developed by DepEd Region 4A CALABARZON (First Edition, 2021) for learners studying at home with the help of a teacher or parent. After working through its single lesson, learners should be able to explain how rocks break down, how the broken material is carried away, and where it settles.
On this page 7 sections
What learners will learn
After going through this module, learners are expected to:
- describe how rocks undergo weathering;
- identify the agents of erosion; and
- explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere.
The module has one lesson, Lesson 1: Exogenic Processes.
Key ideas: weathering
The solid part of the earth’s surface is made of rocks and minerals that change physically or chemically. Weathered materials are moved by different agents and settle somewhere else. These changes are called exogenic processes, which include weathering, erosion, and deposition.
Weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of rocks. The module describes two types.
Mechanical (physical) weathering
Rocks break into smaller pieces and change in size and shape, but their composition stays the same. The module lists these factors:
| Factor | What happens |
|---|---|
| Pressure | Granite pushed up by tectonic forces expands when the overlying rock erodes and pressure drops, becoming brittle and fractured. |
| Temperature | Rocks expand and crack at high temperatures, and also when temperatures drop to 0°C. |
| Frost wedging | Water collects in a crack, freezes, expands, and breaks the rock apart. |
| Abrasion | Rocks, sand, and silt collide in streams or along the shore, wearing off sharp edges until the rock is rounded. |
| Organic activity | Plant roots grow into cracks, expand, and eventually break the rock. |
| Human activities | Digging, quarrying, cutting down forests, and cultivating land. |
| Burrowing animals | Rats, rabbits, and squirrels dig into the ground to make homes. |
Chemical weathering
The composition of the rock changes because of chemical reactions:
- Dissolution: certain minerals, such as halite (NaCl) and calcite (CaCO3), dissolve in water. This is how stalactites and stalagmites form in caves.
- Hydrolysis: minerals such as amphibole, pyroxene, and feldspar react with water and form clay minerals.
- Oxidation: oxygen reacts with minerals; when iron oxidizes, the rock decomposes. Rusting is an example.
Weathering also matters because it helps form soil, which the module describes as a mixture of grains, organic matter, water (H2O), and gas.
Key ideas: erosion, mass wasting, and deposition
- Erosion is the separation and removal of weathered rock by agents such as water, wind, and glaciers, which carry the material to where it is deposited. Plants, animals, and humans also play a role.
- Mass wasting is the downslope movement of sediments under the influence of gravity. Examples are fall, slide, avalanche, and flow.
- Deposition is the settling of weathered materials carried by erosion in a particular location.
The module’s assessment puts the processes in this order: weathering, erosion, transport, deposition. It also points out that a volcanic eruption is not an exogenic process.
Activities in the module
- What I Know: a 15-item multiple-choice pretest.
- Activity 1: unscramble and describe terms such as rocks, igneous, sediments, disintegration, and decomposition.
- Activity 2: tear one piece of paper and burn another, with teacher supervision, to compare physical and chemical change.
- Activities 3 and 4: spot differences between rock drawings and identify the type of weathering shown in pictures.
- Activities 5 to 7: questions on how animals and humans affect erosion, drawings of erosion agents, and definitions of fall, slide, flow, spread, and topple.
- Activity 8: a crossword on the agents of exogenic processes.
- Activities 9 and 10: a concept map and a fill-in-the-blanks review.
- Activity 11: questions on why soil matters, the effects of soil erosion, and how to protect your community from it.
- Assessment: a 15-item multiple-choice post-test.
- Additional Activities: write a poem or song about how weathered material is eroded and deposited, scored with a rubric for creativity, content, and organization.
How to use this module
- Learners: Start with the pretest to check what you already know, then go through the parts in order and finish with the post-test. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper and do not mark the module. Check your work honestly with the answer key at the end.
- Parents: Supervise the paper-burning activity, as the module requires, and help your child find pictures for the erosion activity.
- Teachers: The answer key covers the pretest, post-test, and Activities 4 and 10. Many other activities are open-ended, so their answers will vary. Use the rubric to grade the poem or song.
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this Earth and Life Science module for?
It is a Senior High School Earth and Life Science module for Quarter 1, Module 5. The module does not name a specific grade.
What are exogenic processes?
They are processes on the earth’s surface that break down rocks and move the material elsewhere. The module covers weathering, erosion, and deposition.
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering?
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into pieces without changing their composition. Chemical weathering changes the composition of rocks through reactions such as dissolution, hydrolysis, and oxidation.
What are the agents of erosion?
The module names water, wind, and glaciers, along with gravity, which pulls materials downslope. Plants, animals, and humans also contribute.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. It gives answers for the pretest, the post-test, and Activities 4 and 10. Many other activities have open answers that vary by learner.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module 5: Exogenic Processes
Senior High School
[illustration: learners reading and studying under a tree, a teacher helping students at a desk, and a globe]
CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 5
Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 5: Exogenic Processes First Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region 4A CALABARZON
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Brgy. San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Rhodora G. Bautista, Josephine P. Jacinto
Editors: Melanie I. Samudio, Jocelyn M. Manset
Reviewer: Jason Ricaforte, Angelica Beriña, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez, Jr, Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr., Niña Grace T. Aquino
Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo
Layout Artist: Elizalde L. Piol, Anselma M. Ebero, Jocelyn M. Manset
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Job S. Zape Jr., Eugenio S. Adrao, Elaine T. Balaogan, Merthel M. Evardome, Nadine C. Celindro, Nicolas M. Burgos, Mario B. Maramot, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Rosalinda A. Mendoza
[transcriber’s note: this page repeats the cover title “Earth and Life Science, Quarter 1 – Module 5: Exogenic Processes,” the “Senior High School” label, and the DepEd logo; not transcribed again]
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master interaction and interdependence in the ecosystem. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module covers:
- Lesson 1 – Exogenic Processes
After going through this module, you are expected to:
- describe how rocks undergo weathering;
- identify the agents of erosion; and
- explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
What is the process in which a plant grows into the base of a stone monument and creating a crack on it?
A. chemical weathering
B. freezing
C. mechanical weathering
D. thawingWhat is the type of chemical weathering that rapidly dissolves crystals of halite or rock salt to form a solution?
A. abrasion
B. dissolution
C. hydrolysis
D. oxidationWhat type of weathering occurs when stalactites and stalagmites on caves are formed?
A. chemical weathering
B. freezing and thawing
C. mechanical weathering
D. thermal and pressure changeWhat chemical reaction is exhibited when water reacts with one mineral to form a new mineral like feldspar?
A. abrasion
B. dissolution
C. hydrolysis
D. oxidationWhat chemical reaction causes rust to form?
A. abrasion
B. dissolution
C. hydrolysis
D. oxidationWhat factor causes the breakdown of rocks by friction and impact?
A. abrasion
B. burrowing
C. frost wedging
D. pressureWhich of the following human activities may NOT result to the movement of sediments from one place to another?
A. building a highway
B. washing the dishes
C. developing new athletic field
D. cultivating soil and gardeningWhich of the following is NOT an agent of erosion?
A. glacier
B. gravity
C. rocks
D. windWhich of the following does NOT describe the advantage of wind barrier such as row of trees along the edge of field?
A. conserve moisture
B. trap the blowing wind
C. increases the effects of wind erosion
D. protect crops from the effects of windWhich process exhibits the breaking down of rocks on the earth’s surface or cause changes in its composition?
A. deposition
B. erosion
C. mass wasting
D. weatheringWhich of the following processes does NOT cause physical weathering?
A. burrowing of animals
B. freezing and thawing
C. oxidation
D. temperature and pressureWhich of the following processes does NOT cause chemical weathering?
A. dissolution
B. hydrolysis
C. oxidation
D. temperatureWhich of the following processes of chemical weathering occur in the formation of stalactites and stalagmites?
A. dissolution
B. hydration
C. hydrolysis
D. oxidationWhat statement is NOT correct about dissolution?
A. It happens when elements react with atmospheric oxygen.
B. Rocks and minerals dissolve rapidly when water is either acidic or basic.
C. Limestone composed of calcite is weathered and develops caves through time.
D. The crystal of halite dissolves rapidly and completely in water to form a solution.What is the composition of the soil?
A. clay, dust, and sand
B. grains, organic matter, H2O, and gas
C. rock, dust, sand, water, and gas
D. silt, dust, sand, and water
Lesson 1 Exogenic Processes
The earth’s surface is composed of water and landmasses. The solid portion is made out of rocks and minerals that could experience changes either physically or chemically. The weathered materials are transported by different agents from one place to another and will settle down in a particular area. These progressions that happen are achieved by forms called exogenic processes. It includes weathering, erosion, and deposition.
What’s In
Activity 1
Organize the disordered letters. Describe each term briefly.
S K O R C ________________________________
E I G N O S U ________________________________
E I M N D S E T S ________________________________
N A I O T G D I S I N T E R ________________________________
P O I C M O N I O T S D E ________________________________
Notes to the Teacher
This module will help you understand the concepts about interaction and interdependence in the ecosystem. All parts are comprised of activities. Be guided with the instruction on how you will answer each. Expectedly, you will meet the target at the end of the module.
CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 5
What’s New
Activity 2
Weathering refers to the process of disintegration and decomposition of rocks. There are two types of weathering: mechanical weathering and chemical weathering. This activity will allow learners to differentiate physical changes from chemical changes.
Learners will follow the following instructions:
- Prepare the needed materials: two pieces of paper and match.
- Tear one paper, observe, and record your answer.
- Burn the other paper (with teacher supervision), and observe.
- Identify the changes that take place after tearing and burning of paper.
| Tearing of paper | Burning of paper |
|---|---|
| Before: | Before: |
| After: | After: |
What is the difference between physical change and chemical change?
Activity 3
Spot the difference/s.
[illustration: two drawings of rock formations side by side, labeled (a) and (b), for spotting differences]
(a) (b)
- Do you see any similarities and differences shown in the illustration above? Can you describe how illustration (a) is similar to illustration (b)?
- How is illustration (a) different to illustration (b)?
What is It
Mechanical weathering or physical weathering is the breakdown of rocks into pieces without any change in its composition. In this process, the size and shape of rocks changes and this occurs because of the following factors shown in the table below.
| Factors | Description |
|---|---|
| Pressure | Due to tectonic forces, granite may rise to form mountain range. After the granite ascends and cools, the overlying rocks and sediments may erode. At the point when the pressure diminishes, the rock expands, cools, and became brittle and fractured. |
| Temperature | Rocks expand and are fractured when expose to high temperature. However, if the temperature drops to 0°C (freezing point of water), it also expands and causes fracture. |
| Frost Wedging | Generally, rocks have fracture in its surface and when water accumulates in the crack and at that point freezes, the ice expands and breaks the rock apart. |
| Abrasion | The breakdown of rocks is caused by impact and friction. This primarily occurs during collision of rocks, sand, and silt due to current or waves along a stream or seashore causing sharp edges and corners to wear off and become rounded. |
| Organic Activity | The roots grow causing penetration into the crack, expand, and in the long run, break the rock. |
| Human Activities | Activities such as digging, quarrying, denuding forests and cultivating land contribute to physical weathering. |
| Burrowing Animals | Animals like rats, rabbits and squirrels excavate into the ground to create a space for habitation. |
Activity 4
Identify the factors of physical weathering shown in each picture.
[illustration: tree with roots growing around a rock]
Reference: https://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread 1048245/pg1
[illustration: excavator digging among rocks and debris]
Reference: https://www.indiamart.com/venus diamondinfra/mining-crusher.html
[illustration: animal beside a tree and rocks]
Reference: https://pl.pinterest.com/pin/435371488970476513/
In chemical weathering, there are changes in the composition of rocks due to the chemical reactions presented below.
| Chemical Reactions | Description |
|---|---|
| Dissolution | It occurs in specific minerals which are dissolved in water. Examples of these minerals are Halite (NaCl) and Calcite (CaCO3). The formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves are brought about by this chemical reaction. |
| Hydrolysis | Rock-forming minerals like amphibole, pyroxene, and feldspar react with water and form different kinds of clay minerals. |
| Oxidation | It is the response of oxygen with minerals. If the iron oxidizes, the mineral in rocks decomposes. Rusting is an example of this chemical reaction. |
Analyze each picture. Identify the chemical reaction that causes chemical weathering.
[illustration: cave interior with hanging and rising rock formations]
Reference: http://portalgeograf.blogspot.com/2019/11/
[illustration: garden statue of a figure among plants]
Reference: https://www.pinterest.ph/allabout thegard/garden-statues/
What’s More
Weathering is an important process in the formation of soil. Soil is a mixture of grains, organic matter, H2O, and gas.
Erosion is the separation and removal of weathered rocks due to different agents like water, wind, and glacier that causes transportation of the material to where they are deposited. Plants, animals, and humans play an important role in the erosional process.
Activity 5
Answer the following questions:
- How do animals cause erosion?
- How do human activities affect the rate of erosion?
Activity 6
Draw or cut and paste pictures of the agents of erosion. Explain how each of them causes erosion.
| A. _____ | B. _____ | C. _____ |
|---|---|---|
[transcriber’s note: each of the three boxes has an empty space above for a drawing or pasted picture and lines below for the explanation; the lines are shown as blanks under each letter]
The movement of sediments downslope under the influence of gravity is called mass wasting. The examples of this are fall, slide, avalanche, and flow. On the other hand, deposition is the process in which the weathered materials carried out by erosion settle down in a particular location.
Activity 7
Search for the definition of the following types of mass movement.
- Fall
- Slide
- Flow
- Spread
- Topple
Activity 8. Crossword puzzle
Complete the puzzle by identifying the terms being described across and down that refer to the agents of exogenic processes.
[chart: crossword puzzle grid; Activity 8. Crossword puzzle]
Clue numbers printed in the grid: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
[transcriber’s note: the answer cells of the grid are empty]
ACROSS
- It refers to the aggregation or accumulation of weathered sediments to create different landforms.
- It is associated with many agents because it pulls the materials downslope.
- It is a major erosional agent on areas on Earth’s surface that experience both limited precipitation and high temperature.
- It is one of the components of lithosphere.
- It has the power to move large particles of weathered material than wind does.
- It has the capacity to carry huge rocks and piles of debris over great distances.
DOWNWARD
- It is the process that transports Earth’s materials from one place to another.
- It is the process wherein materials are carried away.
- It refers to the downslope movement of weathered materials along a well-defined surface.
- It refers to the movement of saturated materials downslope like liquid.
What I Have Learned
Activity 9
Complete the concept map using the words below.
[chart: concept map; Activity 9. Complete the concept map using the words below.]
| Box | Text as printed |
|---|---|
| Top | Exogenic Process |
| Second level, left | (blank) |
| Second level, middle | Erosion |
| Second level, right | (blank) |
| Under left blank box, first | (blank) |
| Under left blank box, second | Temperature |
| Under left blank box, third to seventh | (blank) |
| Under Chemical, first to third | (blank) |
| Under Erosion, first to third | (blank) |
Second level, beside the left blank box: Chemical
Word bank:
Water Organic Activity Weathering Frost wedging Hydrolysis Deposition Wind Glacier Burrowing Dissolution Abrasion Pressure Physical Human Activities Oxidation
[transcriber’s note: the concept map boxes that are shown empty are left blank in the document; the table above lists each box’s position and printed text]
Activity 10
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
- The process of breaking down rocks either physically or chemically is called _____.
- _____ is the breakdown of rocks into pieces without any change in its composition.
- _____ is the response of oxygen with minerals.
- _____ is a mixture of grains, organic matter, H2O, and gas.
- _____ is the breakdown of rocks that is caused by impact and friction.
- The change in the composition of rocks is called _____.
- The separation and removal of weathered rocks due to different agents like water, wind, and glacier is called _____.
- The movement of sediments downslope under the influence of gravity is _____.
- The process in which the weathered materials carried out by erosion and gravity settle down in a particular location is called _____.
- _____ is a chemical reaction wherein rock forming minerals react with water and form different kinds of clay minerals.
What I Can Do
Activity 11
Answer the following questions.
- Why soil is an essential component of the earth’s crust?
- What is the effect of soil erosion?
- How will you protect your community against soil erosion?
Assessment
Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
Which of the following process does NOT alter the composition of material?
- A. chemical weathering
- B.dissolution
- C.hyrolysis
- D.mechanical weathering
What type of weathering is exhibited when the rocks are fractured, cracked, and broken down into small pieces?
- A. chemical weathering
- B. oxidation
- C. physical weathering
- D. pressure change
Which of the following is an example of oxidation?
- A. rusting of iron
- B. halite dissolves in water
- C. feldspar decomposes to form clay
- D. stalactites and stalagmites formation
Which activity does NOT facilitate erosion?
- A. kaingin
- B. loss of plant cover
- C. planting
- D. steepening of slope
Which diagram exhibits the most ideal arrangement for exogenic processes?
- A. erosion – sediments – weathering – transport- deposition
- B. sediments – erosion – weathering – transport
- C. sediments – transport – erosion – weathering
- D. weathering – erosion – transport-deposition
What term refers to the removal and transport of weathered material from one place to another?
- A. deposition
- B. erosion
- C. sublimation
- D. weathering
Which of the following is NOT an agent of erosion?
- A. glacier
- B. rocks
- C. water
- D. wind
Which of the following cannot be considered as a role of gravity in erosion?
- A. It moves glaciers down slope.
- B. It loosens the land materials.
- C. In mountains, it moves down large slabs of rocks.
- D. It acts as agents of mass wasting like landslides, fall, mudflows, and avalanches.
What term refers to the process wherein rocks break down into pieces?
- A. deposition
- B. erosion
- C. mass wasting
- D. weathering
What process of chemical weathering is involved when water reacts with one mineral to form a new mineral like feldspar into clay?
- A. dissolution
- B. hydrolysis
- C. oxidation
- D. pressure
What type of mechanical weathering occurs when freezing of water and repeated thawing in cracks of rocks?
- A. abrasion
- B. frost wedging
- C. oxidation
- D. solution
Which of the following does NOT cause chemical changes in the composition of rocks?
- A. abrasion
- B. dissolution
- C. hydrolysis
- D. oxidation
What chemical reaction takes place during rusting of iron?
- A. abrasion
- B. dissolution
- C. hydrolysis
- D. oxidation
Which of the following processes cannot be considered as exogenic?
- A. deposition
- B. erosion
- C. eruption
- D. weathering
What is the process by which sediments settle down in a particular area?
- A. deformation
- B. deposition
- C. transport
- D. weathering
Additional Activities
Compose a poem/song that will describe how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere. Refer to the table below for the rubrics.
[transcriber’s note: blank box for the learner’s poem/song; no printed text]
Rubrics:
| Criteria | Exemplary 4 | Accomplished 3 | Developing 2 | Beginning 1 | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creativity Originality | Output is creative and original. It is evident that the learners put thought and uniquely conveyed their ideas and emotions. | Output is thoughtful and creative. Ideas may be revisited, but the overall product is carefully conceptualized. | Output is creative, but appears to be rushed. | Output appears to be thoughtless or rushed. Work is very repetitive, and ideas are unoriginal. | |
| Content | Output maintains a consistent idea that clearly and effectively communicates the learner’s attitude toward the subject. | Output maintains a consistent idea that usually communicates the learner’s attitude toward the subject. | Output maintains a consistent idea but does not effectively communicate the learner’s attitude toward the subject. | Output does not maintain a consistent or clear idea. | |
| Organization | Output has a strong and clear organization. | Output has a clear organization. | Output has minimal organization. | Output has confusing organization. |
Answer Key
[transcriber’s note: this page is printed rotated 180 degrees; it is transcribed in upright reading order, with the right-hand column of the printed page first]
What I Have Learned
Activity 10
- Weathering
- Mechanical weathering
- Oxidation
- Soil
- Abrasion
- Chemical weathering
- Erosion
- Mass wasting
- Deposition
- hydrolysis
What I Can Do
Activity 11
Answer may vary among students’ perceptions.
Assessment
- D
- C
- A
- C
- D
- B
- B
- B
- D
- B
- B
- A
- D
- C
- B
What’s More
Activity 5
Answer may vary among students’ perceptions.
Activity 6
Answer may vary among students.
Activity 7
Answer may vary among students.
What’s More
Activity 8
[chart: crossword puzzle grid; Activity 8]
[transcriber’s note: the letters in the grid are not legible enough in this rotated image to transcribe reliably]
What I Have Learned
Activity 9
[chart: concept-map diagram; Activity 9]
[transcriber’s note: the labels in the diagram are not legible enough in this rotated image to transcribe reliably]
What I Know
- C
- B
- A
- C
- D
- A
- B
- C
- C
- D
- C
- D
- A
- A
- B
What’s in
Activity 1
[transcriber’s note: the printed table’s right-hand cell spans the rows below it]
| ROCKS | Answer may vary among students’ perceptions. |
|---|---|
| IGNEOUS | |
| SEDIMENTS | |
| DISINTEGRATION | |
| DECOMPOSITION |
What’s New
Activity 2
Answer may vary among students’ perceptions.
Activity 3
Answer may vary among students’ perceptions.
What is It
Activity 4
Physical weathering – I
- organic activity
- human activity
- burrowing of animals
Chemical weathering – II
- dissolution
- hydrolysis
References
Books
Albarico, Joni. 2016. Earth and Life Science. Lipa City, Batangas: Scolaire Publishing
Bayo-ang et al. 2016. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation
Olivar II, J S., Rodolfo, R. and Hillel Cabria. 2016. Exploring Life through Science Earth Science. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Salandanan, G.G., Faltado, R.E., and Merle B. Lopez. 2016. Earth and Life Sciences for Senior High School. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
Sia, SR D. and Leah Amor S. Cortez. 2016. SCIENCE in Today’s World for Senior High School Earth and Life Science. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, Inc.
Thompson, G.R. and Jonathan Turk. 2012. Introduction to Earth Science. Pasay City: Cengage learning Asia Pte Ltd.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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