Arts 7 Quarter 1 Module 4: Arts and Crafts of Luzon – Principles of Art

Arts Quarter 1 – Module 4: Arts and Crafts of Luzon Principles of Art

Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity and Variety, Movement, Scale and Proportion

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[illustration: students reading under a tree, a teacher with a student at a desk, a boy studying by lamplight, and a globe]

CO_Q1_Arts7_ Module4

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY NOT FOR SALE

Arts – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 4: Arts and Crafts of Luzon – Principles of Art (Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity and Variety, Movement, Scale and Proportion) First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module
Author:	Richard B. Amores
Content Editor:	Emmanuel C. Alveyra
Language Editors:	Cherrie Rose L. Desaliza, Gladys F. Cantos
Reviewer:	Emmanuel C. Alveyra, Nikka G. Javarez, Norman G. Pereira, Orlando P. Puno, Jumar.L. Nolasco, Nathaniel M. Badenas
Illustrator:	Reymark L. Miraples, Louie J. Cortez, Richard Amores, Pablo M. Nizal, Jr., Jan Christian D. Cabarrubias
Layout Artist:	Reymark L. Miraples, Jhunness Bhaby A. Villalobos, Ransel E. Burgos
Management Team:	Benjamin D. Paragas, Mariflor B. Musa, Melbert S. Broqueza, Freddie Rey R. Ramirez, Danilo C. Padilla, Annabelle M. Marmol, Florina L. Madrid, Norman F. Magsino, Dennis A. Bermoy, Emmanuel C. Alveyra

Printed in the Philippines by _____

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region Office Address: Meralco Avenue corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City Telephone Number: (02) 6314070 E-mail Address: mimaropa.region@deped.gov.ph

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Arts

Quarter 1 – Module 4: Arts and Crafts of Luzon Principles of Art Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity and Variety, Movement, Scale and Proportion

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

The skills of Filipinos in architecture and sculpture are uniquely incomparable. Every detail of the design is truly amazing and extraordinary. Even decades would pass, it will still stand and stay worthy of being built and created.

Filipinos in the regions of Luzon are proud to show their work of arts in their everyday objects, architecture, and sculpture like Calle Crisologo of Ilocos, Tumauini Church of Isabela, Spanish Gate and Andres Apostol Parish Church of Zambales, Parish of the Three Kings of Nueva Ecija, Abucay Church or the Saint Dominic De Guzman Parish Church, Bul’ul of Ifugao, Woodcarving of Laguna, Higantes of Rizal Province, and Balisong of Batangas.

In this module, we will focus on the principles of art used in Luzon’s architecture, sculpture, and everyday object. You will learn the elements of arts like line, shape, form, value, color, texture, and space as well as the differences among these elements and how to express it in an artwork.

We may say that a masterpiece is perfect or not and that we can judge it even in a simple glance. However, can you notice at once, every single detail of it? Did you pay attention to the execution of balance, emphasis, rhythm, unity and variety, movement, scale and proportion?

In your past lessons when you were in elementary, you have learned about the principles of arts (balance, emphasis, rhythm, unity and variety, movement, scale and proportion).

The principles of art represent how the artists use the elements of art to create an effect to the design and to help convey the artist’s intent.

Let us have a short review about the principles of art.

PATTERN

PATTERN refers to the visual arrangement of elements (line, shape, color, etc…) that is alternated or with a repetitive form or sequence.

[illustration: two briefcases and two lips repeated in alternating sequence]

Illustration of pattern

The illustration shows that there are alternated and repetitive form or sequence of two briefcases and two lips.

BALANCE

BALANCE is the way the elements are arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically to create a feeling of stability or impression of equality in weight in an artwork.

[illustration: one big gray rectangle on the left and a group of six small gray rectangles on the right]

Illustration of balance

You can see in the illustration that there is a big rectangle on the left side and a group of six small rectangles on the right side. You will notice that the size of a big rectangle on the left is equal to the size of the grouped small rectangles on the right.

Symmetrical Balance

An artwork illustrates symmetrical balance when the parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other.

This is an image of a lung. You will notice that the left side of the lung mirrors the right side of the lung.

[illustration: black lung shape with a vertical gray line through the center, symmetrical on both sides]

Illustration of symmetrical balance

Asymmetrical Balance

Asymmetrical balance is illustrated in an artwork when one side of a composition does not reflect the design of the other.

[illustration: fingerprint with a vertical gray line through the center]

Illustration of asymmetrical balance

You can see in the illustration the image of a finger print. You will notice that the left side of the finger print does not mirror its right side because they have different designs.

Radial Balance

Radial balance is any type of balance based on a circle with its design extending from center.

[illustration: black background with white fireworks bursting outward from the center]

Illustration of radial balance

You can see in the illustration the image of fireworks. You will notice that the fireworks start with a single spark at the beginning and then it continuously sparks creating an extending design from the center.

EMPHASIS

Emphasis shows the focal point of an image or when one area or thing stands out the most and gets a special attention.

[illustration: rows of gray birds with one blue owl at the middle]

Illustration of Emphasis

This illustration shows the group of red birds and a blue owl at the middle. It is clear that the blue owl stands out the most because of its difference. Emphasis can be achieved through color, contrast, location or placement of elements, size, repetition and etc. that makes an image as the focal point of the design.

CONTRAST

Contrast has a large difference among different elements of designs that create visual interest. It is a comparison of different elements of design in order to highlight their differences.

You can see on the illustration the two happy face icons that show contrast using dark and light values. The first happy face icon uses white color as a base then uses black color to highlight the circumference of the face, eyes and mouth while the second happy face icon uses black as a base and uses white to highlight the eyes and mouth.

[illustration: two happy face icons, the first white with a black outline, the second solid black with white features]

Illustration of Contrast

[illustration: two stones, one dark and smooth on the left, one lighter and rough on the right]

Illustration of Texture

Now look at the second illustration of two stones. Can you see the difference? They are different in terms of texture (rough and smooth).

RHYTHM and MOVEMENT

Rhythm and movement is a repetition of elements that focuses the eye of the viewers direct to the image that produce the look and feel of movement.

Look at the illustration on the right. You can see that the clouds make your eyes follow its spiral movement that gives the illusion to move. Now look at the trees. Can you see the movement?

[illustration: gray landscape with spiraling clouds above wavy ground and tree shapes]

Illustration of Rhythm and Movement

HARMONY

HARMONY refers to the arrangement of elements that give the viewer the feeling on how well all the visual elements work together as a whole.

[illustration: symmetrical pattern of blue bugs, black gears, a black spider web, orange arrows, and green rectangles]

Illustration of Harmony

The illustration shows different images or icons with different colors. You can see or feel that there is a good harmony among them.

UNITY

When all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing image it defines unity.

You can see in the illustration that there is a group of stars with different sizes and arrangement. There is no pattern but you can see the unity among the stars that work together to create a pleasant piece.

[illustration: group of black stars of different sizes and arrangement] Illustration of Unity

VARIETY

Variety is the use of different elements in an image that has differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work.

[illustration: woman’s portrait over colorful woven patterns and a color wheel] Illustration of Variety

There are different elements used in the illustration with different principles that make the viewers see all the parts of the artwork.

SCALE

It is the relationship between images in terms of size or measurement, number or amount, visual weight and so on including the connection between parts of a whole.

[illustration: a large crab and a small crab] Illustration of Scale

Let’s Proceed

Now, let’s apply your knowledge of the principles of art.

It is easy to say that an artwork is beautiful. You can describe it even in one glance. But, can you notice every single detail of it? Did you pay attention to the balance, emphasis, contrast, rhythm and movement, pattern and repetition, unity, variety, and proportion of an artwork?

This module will teach you to identify, understand, and give importance to the principles of arts.

Learning Objectives

In this module, you will be able to:

1. define the different Principles of art;
2. distinguish the different principles of art used in arts and crafts of Luzon (highlands and low lands) by analyzing how the principles were used; and
3. appreciate the importance of the principles of arts incorporated in the design.

What I Know

[illustration: hand holding a pencil]

Directions: Match the description in Column A to the principles of arts in Column B. Accomplish this in your activity notebook.

A	B
1. The focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stands out the most.	A. Balance
2. When one side of a composition does not reflect the design of the other.	B. Symmetrical Balance
3. A large difference between two things to create interest and tension.	C. Asymmetrical Balance
4. A regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement.	D. Radial Balance
5. The way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work.	E. Emphasis
6. The repetition of a design.	F. Contrast
7. The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other.	G. Pattern and Repetition
	H. Rhythm and Movement
	I. Variety

[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]

A	B
8. Any type of balance based on a circle with its design extending from center.	J. Proportion
9. When all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing image.	K. Unity
10. The use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work.	L. Pattern
11. The comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity, or degree; SCALE.	M. Harmony
12. It refers to the size of an object compared to the rest of the surroundings.	N. Movement
13. It refers to how well all the visual elements work together in a work of art.	O. Scale
14. It gives the illusion or suggestion to your paint to move.	P. Element
15. It refers to the visual arrangement of elements with a repetitive form or intelligible sequence.

Lesson 1: Arts and Crafts of Luzon

Principles of Art Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity and Variety, Movement, Scale and Proportion

Learning Competencies

The learner:

1. analyzes elements and principles of art in the production of one’s arts and crafts inspired by the arts of Luzon (highlands and lowlands). (A7EL-Ib-1), and
2. reflects on or derive the mood, idea, or message emanating from the selected artifacts or art objects (A7PL-IH-1)

What’s New

Hello my friend! Before we start our journey to our new lesson, let us have first a short activity.

“Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of them All?”

Directions: Get a mirror and see your reflection on it. Try to look clearly to your face. Now, get a piece of paper or bond paper then draw your face on it based on your face reflection from the mirror. You can use any coloring materials if you want.

[illustration: circle frame with the text below] “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of them All?”

Let us examine your artwork.

1. Let’s start from your eyes, do you think your eyes have the same measurement? How can you say so?
2. How about your ears? Do you think they are balanced? How can you say so?
3. Look at your nose and mouth. What can you say about them?
4. Does your hair fit in your face built? Why? Why Not?
5. Do your eyebrows have equal length and width? How can you say so?
6. What is your overall impression of your face?
7. Are the principles of art important in all artworks? Why?

What is It

Let us try to look into the principles of arts used in the sample arts and crafts from Luzon.

[illustration: drawing of a narrow cobblestoned street lined with old two-story houses, grilled windows, and columns]

Here is a picture of Calle Crisologo, a narrow and cobble- stoned streets in Vigan. The houses are simple but lovely subjects ready for picture-perfect shots with their roofs of red tiles, thick walls, huge doors, and stair cases leading to rooms of high ceilings and sliding capiz shell windows. Visitors can admire more closely the architecture and intricate craftsmanship employed in the grill and wood works when they step inside some of the houses that have been turned into stores and museums. They can even experience staying in a heritage house during their visit as some have been converted into inns.

When we look deeply at every detail of the designs, we can appreciate how the principles of art is being used. We can see clearly the balance in every span of walls, the emphasis and contrast in wall decorations, the rhythm and movement of every structure, the pattern and repetition of structural designs, and the variety, proportion and unity of every part of the houses in Calle Crisologo.

STOP! LOOK AND OBSERVE!

Directions: Now, it’s your turn! Look closely at the picture of Calle Crisologo. Write your observations about how the structure achieved pattern, contrast, emphasis, balance, scale, harmony, rhythm/movement, unity, and variety. Write your observations inside the box with a magnifying glass icon. Use a separate sheet in accomplishing the activity.

[transcriber’s note: the six observation boxes are empty writing spaces, each marked with a magnifying glass icon]

For pattern

For contrast

For emphasis

For balance

For scale

For harmony

[transcriber’s note: the three observation boxes are empty writing spaces, each marked with a magnifying glass icon]

For rhythm/movement

For variety

For unity

Artist Perspective

When we look deeply in every inch of detail of the designs, we can appreciate how the principles of art are being used in Calle Crisologo. Look at the cobbled streets, can you see the pattern on how it is arranged? They used cobble stones in different sizes and arranged it in a repetitive sequence. From that arrangement we can see clearly the used of pattern and scale principles in it. How about the columns and doors of their houses, what principles do you see? Yes, there is pattern, balance, and unity. When you look at it from a perspective point of view, we can see movement and rhythm. Now, look at the sliding capiz shell windows. Do you see the pattern, balance, and unity of the capiz shells? How about contrast? Look deeply at the capiz shells, you can notice that there are some shells that are plain and some have dark colors. Now let’s see their wall decorations. They used different designs, a variety of designs that make their houses unique and encourage visitors to look more closely to their architecture designs and craftsmanship. In all, Calle Crisologo shows a good harmony that makes it lovelier and more famous.

Here is another masterpiece from Meycauayan, Bulacan. A jewelry that everyone wants to have. When we examine each craft, we can say that the principles of arts are one of the ingredients on how it is made. We can see pattern, contrast, emphasis, balance, scale, harmony, rhythm/ movement, unity, and variety on every piece of the design on how they are cuts, bonds and shapes.

[illustration: pieces of jewelry arranged on a wooden display stand with a cord]

STOP! LOOK AND OBSERVE!

Directions: Now, it’s your turn! Look closely at the picture of Meycauayan, Bulacan jewelry. Write your observations about how the masterpiece achieved pattern, contrast, emphasis, balance, scale, harmony, rhythm/movement, unity, and variety. Write your observations inside the box with a magnifying glass icon. Use a separate sheet in accomplishing the activity

[transcriber’s note: the four observation boxes are empty writing spaces, each marked with a magnifying glass icon]

For pattern

For contrast

For emphasis

For balance

Artist Perspective

[transcriber’s note: five empty boxes, each with a magnifying-glass icon, are printed above the passage; their labels are listed below]

For scale For harmony For rhythm/movement For variety For unity

Meycauayan, Bulacan Jewelry smiths are known for their talents in creating world class designs. We can see in their masterpiece that the principles of art are present. They have different patterns, scale, and balance in their designs and use different materials like precious metal: gold and silver, pearls, precious and semi-precious stones that create a visual interest and highlights one of the principles of art and that is variety. A jewelry may be mounted with gemstones that makes a good emphasis. We can also see the movement/rhythm in some of their designs like rope, chain and more. All their masterpieces are very artistic and you can embrace the harmony in it.

Great job! You were able to accomplish the tasks which were rounded up for you in this module! At this point, spend some time to accomplish this chart below which is pretty relevant with the previous activity.

What’s More

Directions: Here are some pictures of the arts and crafts of Luzon. Analyze each picture based from how the principles of arts were used or incorporated in the design. Describe each picture based on their designs. Accomplish this in your activity notebook.

[illustration: embroidered long-sleeved shirt] Burda	[photo: woven geometric pattern of Inabel fabric] Inabel
[illustration: outline of a stone gate with battlements and an arch] Spanish Gate	[illustration: pair of amulets with a looped cord] Amulet

Principles of Art	Inabel	Amulets	Spanish Gate	Burda
Balance	Example: They used different geometric patterns with same measurement and quantity that are aligned in different rows and columns

[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]

Principles of Art	Inabel	Amulets	Spanish Gate	Burda
	that shows good balance
Emphasis
Harmony
Variety
Rhythm/ Movement
Contrast
Pattern
Scale
Unity

Thank you very much for accomplishing the task. Before we proceed to the next activities, I have 2 simple questions for you to answer.

1. Are those artworks beautiful and unique? Why yes or why not?
2. Among those arts and crafts from Luzon, which is your favorite one? Why?

Congratulations my dear friend. Knowing and appreciating every single detail of the designs of arts and crafts from Luzon are rare opportunities for a student like you. If you accomplished all the activities, it means that your mind can think critically and can evaluate how the artworks were carefully crafted by skilled artists.

It’s time to check your understanding! Are you ready?

Below are some light bulbs with assigned principles of arts. Recall the discussions and the activities that you have accomplished in this module. Based from your understanding and experiences with the activities, write your own idea or concept about the following principles of arts. Write your idea inside the light bulb.

Balance [illustration: light bulb outline for writing an idea]

Emphasis [illustration: light bulb outline for writing an idea]

Harmony and Unity [illustration: light bulb outline for writing an idea]

Contrast [illustration: light bulb outline for writing an idea]

Pattern [illustration: light bulb outline for writing an idea]

Proportion [illustration: light bulb outline for writing an idea]

Rhythm [illustration: light bulb outline for writing an idea]

Movement [illustration: light bulb outline for writing an idea]

Thank you very much! I know that you have learned a lot from this module. I’m just curious to know your insights.

I have here another light bulb for you. If you will make your own artwork, what are the top 3 principles of arts that you will consider? Why? Write your answer inside the light bulb.

[illustration: light bulb outline for writing an answer]

What I Have Learned

Directions: Give your insights based on the discussions and activities you have made. Accomplish this in your activity notebook.

My Reflections

[transcriber’s note: six ruled writing lines are printed inside the scroll under the label]

What I Can Do

“Tara na! Biyahe na Tayo!”

My Poster Ad

1. Make a poster advertisement promoting tourism and advertising the arts and crafts of Luzon (highlands and lowlands).
2. Don’t forget to show your appreciation for these arts by including the principles of arts and how these principles were used in your design.

Take a photo of your artwork and submit it to your facilitator through messenger, e-mail, or other media platforms

Here is a sample poster ad for you.

[photo: sample poster ad with a potter’s hands shaping a clay jar on a wheel]

Experience the Beauty of VIGAN, ILOCOS SUR

Complete your vacation by trying a VARIETY of hands-on experiences like putting your hands with Vigan’s Soil!

Burnay Unglazed Earthen Jar

How?

Here it is! Have a rig SCALE of mashed clay and sand and feel the CONSTANT, put them in a potter and start making your own BURNAY. Feel the RHYTHM and MOVEMENT of the kiln. Copy the original BURNAY’s PATTERN and put a signature design to have some EMPHASIS in your work. Make it BALANCED to highlight UNITY of every material and design and see the HARMONY in your masterpiece.

What are you waiting for! Visit Vigan, Ilocos Sur and have some fun!

RUBRICS

CRITERIA	10 POINTS	8 POINTS	6 POINTS	4 POINTS
Creativity	The artwork shows creativity with the following characteristics: a. Artworks contain an original design. b. Differentiate the principles of arts c. Shows how the principles of art were used in the design.	The artwork shows creativity, however only 2 characteristics were met	The artwork shows creativity, however only 1 characteristic were met	The artwork shows creativity, however no characteristics were met
Attractiveness/ Craftsmanship	The artwork exhibited attractiveness and craftsmanship with the following characteristics: a. neatness b. look carefully planned c. the design obtained high level of difficulty and complexity	The artwork exhibited attractiveness and craftsmanship, however, only 2 characteristics were met	The artwork exhibited attractiveness and craftsmanship, however, only 1 characteristic was met	The artwork exhibited attractiveness and craftsmanship, however, no characteristic was met
Timeliness	The artwork was submitted on the set schedule	The artwork was submitted one day beyond the set schedule	The artwork was submitted two days beyond the set schedule	The artwork was submitted three days beyond the set schedule

Assessment

Directions: Match the description in Column A to the principles of arts in Column B. Accomplish this in your activity notebook.

A	B
1. The focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stands out the most.	A. Variety
2. When one side of a composition does not reflect the design of the other.	B. Asymmetrical Balance
3. A large difference between two things to create interest and tension.	C. Symmetrical Balance
4. A regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement.	D. Proportion
5. The way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work.	E. Contrast
6. The repetition of a design.	F. Emphasis
7. The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other.	G. Element
8. Any type of balance based on a circle with its design extending from center.	H. Rhythm and Movement
9. When all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing image.	I. Balance
10.The use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work.	J. Radial Balance
11.The comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity, or degree; SCALE.	K. Harmony
12.It refers to the size of an object compared to the rest of the surroundings.	L. Pattern
13.It refers to how well all the visual elements work together in a work of art.	M. Unity
14.It gives the illusion or suggestion to your paint to move.	N. Movement
15.It refers to the visual arrangement of elements with a repetitive form or intelligible sequence.	O. Scale
	P. Pattern and Repetition

Additional Activities

Directions: Fill in the chart below with correct information needed. Derive the mood, idea, message emanating from selected artifacts and art objects. In the last column, write a reflection on the mood, idea, and message you derived from the artifacts and art objects. Accomplish this activity in your notebook.

Artifact/ Art Object	Mood	Idea	Message	Reflection
[illustration: small carved figures on a wooden platform beside a tall curved object]

Now take a few moments to answer the following questions below:

1. What helped you with completing the chart above?
2. Which among the categories were you able to fill in easily?

Answer Key

[transcriber’s note: the answer key on this page is printed upside down; the entries below are transcribed in their normal reading order]

What I Know

1. E
2. C
3. F
4. H
5. A
6. G
7. B
8. D
9. K
10. I
11. J
12. O
13. M
14. N
15. L

Assessment

16. F
17. B
18. E
19. H
20. I
21. P
22. C
23. J
24. M
25. A
26. D
27. O
28. K
29. N
30. L

References

Siobal, Lourdes R., Ma. Honeylet A. Capulong, Ledda G. Rosenberger, Jeff Foreene M. Santos, Jenny C. Mendoza, Cherry Joy P. Samoy, Rabboni C. Roxas, and Johanna Samantha T. Aldeguer-Roxas. 2017. “Music and Arts Learner’s Material.” In Music and Arts Learner’s Material, by Lourdes R. Siobal, 43. Pasig City. Department of Education.

Esaak, Shelley. What Is Balance in Art and Why Does It Matter. ThoughtCo. January 31, 2020. Dotdash publishing. New York, USA. Accessed April 12, 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-balance-in-art-182423#:~:text=Balance%20refers%20to%20how%20the,not%20seem%20heavier%20than%20another.

Ingram, Cindy. What are the Elements and Principles of Art. Art Class Curator.c2020. Ignite Art LLC DBA Art Class Curator. USA. Accessed April 12, 2020.

Hurst, Ashley. Emphasis – A Principle of Art. The Virtual Instructor. June 4, 2018. The Virtual Instructor.c2019. Advance, NC 27006, USA. Accessed January 31, 2020. https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/emphasis-a-principle-of-art#:~:text=Emphasis%20is%20the%20principle%20of,can%20have%20multiple%20focal%20points.

Singson, Reeza. Golden Hour on Calle Crisologo. GMA News Online. June 25, 2015. GMA New. Quezon City, Philippines. Accessed August 21, 2019. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/travel/510270/golden-hour-on-calle- crisologo/story/

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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