This is the Grade 8 Science self-learning module for Quarter 3, Module 2: The Phase Change. It was published by DepEd Caraga (First Edition, 2020) for home-based learning. It explains how matter changes from one state to another. After working through its single lesson, learners should be able to name the six phase changes and explain each one in terms of temperature, motion, and the arrangement of particles.
What learners will learn
After going through this module, learners are expected to:
- Identify phase changes;
- Describe how matter undergoes phase change; and
- Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules.
The module lists these under MELC Week 3-4, competency code S8MT-IIIc-d-9.
Lessons in this module
- Lesson 1: The Phase Change. Matter exists as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. When it changes from one state to another, it undergoes a phase change. The lesson builds on Module 1, which taught that matter is made of tiny particles that are always moving.
The six phase changes
A phase change is a change from one state to another without changing the chemical composition of the substance. Only the state changes. Melted ice is still water. The module names six phase changes and gives everyday examples of most of them.
| Phase change | From | To | Examples from the module |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melting | Solid | Liquid | Ice melting, a lighted candle, ice cream melting |
| Freezing (solidification) | Liquid | Solid | Animal oil hardening when cooled, ice candy solidifying |
| Evaporation | Liquid | Gas | Wet clothes drying, sweat disappearing |
| Condensation | Gas | Liquid | Clouds forming, water droplets outside a glass of cold water |
| Sublimation | Solid | Gas | A toilet deodorizer shrinking, dry ice, mothballs in a cabinet |
| Deposition | Gas | Solid | No everyday example given |
Sublimation and deposition skip the liquid state completely. In sublimation, a solid turns directly into a gas. In deposition, a gas turns directly into a solid.
How temperature and particle motion explain phase changes
The module uses the particle model of matter to explain why phase changes happen.
- Rising temperature. Heating raises the kinetic energy (motion) of the particles. They move faster and spread farther apart. Melting, evaporation, and sublimation happen this way.
- Falling temperature. Cooling lowers the kinetic energy. The particles move more slowly and come closer together. Freezing, condensation, and deposition happen this way.
The rule to remember: the higher the temperature and kinetic energy, the farther apart the particles. The lower the temperature and kinetic energy, the closer they are. Particles in a solid are very close, particles in a liquid are close, and particles in a gas are far apart.
The module also links phase changes to real life:
- The water cycle. Water evaporates into water vapor, and the vapor condenses to form clouds.
- Safe drinking water. A simple distillation set-up uses evaporation and condensation to make water potable (safe to drink).
Parts and activities
- What I Know: a 15-item multiple-choice pretest.
- What’s In: a review of Module 1 on the particle nature of matter.
- What’s New, Activity 1 (What changes take place?): learners observe a lighted candle, wet clothes drying in the sun, and a toilet deodorizer over 15 days. They then name each phase change.
- Activity 2 (Phase Changes Using the Particle Model of Matter): learners study particle diagrams for rising and falling temperature. They then fill in a table of temperature, motion, and particle arrangement for all six phase changes.
- What is It: the main discussion of the six phase changes and the role of temperature and kinetic energy.
- What’s More, Activity 3 (Fill me in!): a fill-in-the-blanks diagram of the phase changes.
- Activity 4 (Phase changes in our environment!): learners identify the phase changes in the water cycle and present how water behaves in each state.
- What I Have Learned: a fill-in-the-blanks summary.
- What I Can Do: learners suggest how a phase change can make water safe to drink.
- Assessment: a 15-item multiple-choice post-test.
- Additional Activities: learners explain what happens to a basketball player’s sweat as it disappears.
The open-ended tasks (Activity 4, What I Can Do, and Additional Activities) are scored with a 0 to 3 rubric. The highest score goes to answers with complete scientific evidence and no misconceptions.
How to use this module
- Learners: Take the pretest first to see what you already know. Then work through the parts in order and finish with the assessment. Write all your answers on a separate sheet of paper, and do not mark the module. The answer key at the end lets you check your work, and the module trusts you to use it honestly.
- Parents and facilitators: The module provides Notes to the Teacher with strategies for supporting home-based learning. Activity 1 uses familiar household items, so you can help your child observe a candle, drying clothes, or a deodorizer at home.
- Teachers: Use the pretest and post-test to measure progress on S8MT-IIIc-d-9. Use the rubric to score the written explanations. If learners have questions or find a task difficult, the module tells them to consult their teacher or facilitator.
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is The Phase Change module for?
It is Grade 8 Science, Quarter 3, Module 2. It covers the MELC for Weeks 3 to 4, code S8MT-IIIc-d-9.
What are the six phase changes in this module?
Melting (solid to liquid), freezing or solidification (liquid to solid), evaporation (liquid to gas), condensation (gas to liquid), sublimation (solid to gas), and deposition (gas to solid).
Does a phase change change what a substance is made of?
No. A phase change only changes the state of the substance. Its chemical composition stays the same.
What happens to particles when temperature increases?
Their kinetic energy increases, so they move faster and farther apart. When temperature decreases, they slow down and come closer together.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. The answer key at the end covers the pretest, the activities, What I Have Learned, and the assessment. It also gives possible answers for the open-ended tasks.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Science Quarter 3 – Module 2: The Phase Change
[illustration: group of students reading and studying outdoors and at a table, with a teacher, a globe, and a lamp]
CO_Q3_Science8_Module 2
Science – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 2: The Phase Change First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Caraga
Office Address: Teacher Development Center, J.P. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600 Telefax: (085) 342 – 8207 / (085) 342 – 5969 E-mail Address: caraga@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Lynnette C. Dua and Eva A. Bentoles Editor: Ana Rubi L. Sereno Reviewers: Bernabe L. Linog, Edna Esplana Trinidad, Jane C. Basul, Romeo A. Villarin, Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña, Alfonz Lexie John C. Basul, Myra Joy B. Montero, Pamela Lou C. Suazo Illustrator: Rosa Mia L. Pontillo Layout Artist: Christopher David G. Oliva Layout Evaluators: Celeste Faith R. Almanon, Jay S. Ayap Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas, CESO V; Isidro M. Biol, Jr.; Maripaz F. Magno; Josephine Chonie M. Obseñares; Gregoria T. Su; Marvilyn C. Francia; Jay S. Ayap; Nonita C. Patalinghug
Science Quarter 3 – Module 2: The Phase Change
8
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the phase change of matter. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module contains:
- Lesson 1 – The Phase Change
After going through this module, you are expected to:
- Identify phase changes;
- Describe how matter undergoes phase change; and
- Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules. (MELC Week 3-4 S8MT-IIIc-d-9)
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Which transformation process involves the change of state from gas to solid?
A. deposition
B. freezing
C. melting
D. sublimationWhich transformation process occurs in drying of wet clothes?
A. evaporation
B. freezing
C. melting
D. sublimationWhich transformation process changes the state of a matter from that of a liquid to a solid?
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. freezing
D. meltingWhat process involves the change of state from solid to gas without passing the liquid state?
A. evaporation
B. freezing
C. melting
D. sublimationWhat phase change is observed in the formation of clouds in the atmosphere?
A. condensation
B. deposition
C. evaporation
D. sublimationWhat happens to the arrangement of particles of matter in solid, liquid and gas as the temperature is increased?
A. Particles are becoming closer together
B. Particles move farther apart from each other
C. There is no change in the arrangement, it stays the same.
D. It becomes disordered and then changes back to become orderedIn what conditions of temperature and kinetic energy will favor the condensation process?
A. There is an increase, both for temperature and kinetic energy
B. There is a decrease, both for temperature and kinetic energy
C. There is no change, both for temperature and kinetic energy
D. There is an increase in temperature and a decrease in kinetic energyWhich of the given situations demonstrate a phase change?
A. cutting of nails
B. drying of fishes
C. growing of plants
D. chopping of woodsWhat transformation takes place when dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) changes from solid to gas?
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. melting
D. sublimationWhich processes increases the movement of particles?
A. melting → freezing
B. melting → evaporation
C. condensation → freezing
D. evaporation → depositionWhich of the following examples turns solid into another state of matter?
A. cutting of hair
B. dropping a plastic can
C. tearing of paper into pieces
D. ice cubes in a glass of juiceWhat phase change occurs when water droplets form outside the glass of cold water?
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. melting
D. sublimationWhich of the following phase changes needs an increase of both temperature and kinetic energy?
A. gas to solid
B. gas to liquid
C. solid to liquid
D. liquid to solidWhat happens to the arrangement of particles in ice cream once its temperature increases?
A. The particles are freezing.
B. The particles are coming closer.
C. The particles are getting farther.
D. The particles are getting heavier.Which of the following is TRUE when a substance changes its state from liquid to solid?
A. The particles of a substance getting smaller.
B. The particles of a substance become heavier.
C. The particles of a substance are moving closer.
D. The particles of a substance changes from soft to hard.
Lesson 1 The Phase Change
Matter has three states. The state of matter can be in the form of solid, liquid or a gas. When matter changes its states, it is said to be undergoing a Phase Change. This lesson on the Phase Change of Matter explains the changes taking place when matter changes its state.
What’s In
Module 1 Lesson 1 talks about that matter is made of tiny particles. These particles are arranged depending on its state. These tiny particles are moving all the time and its movement differs in every state. Can the state of matter change into another state? What happens when ice cream melts? What phase change is observed when solid bathroom deodorizer changes from solid to gas?
What’s New
Phase Change
Matter occurs in three states such as solid, liquid and gas. When ice melts, it changes its state from solid to liquid. This change of state is known as melting. On the other hand, animal oil solidifies when cooled. This change of state from liquid to solid is called solidification. Both melting and solidification are referred as Phase change. We can see that there is a phase change when the current state of matter changes into another state, and still retaining its original composition. When phase change occurs, only the state of the substance is change but its chemical composition is retained. What are some examples of phase changes?
Activity 1. What changes take place?
Objective: Identify the phase change in matter.
Procedure:
A. Answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Lighted candle (Figure 1).
[illustration: lighted candle] Illustrated by: Lynnette C. Dua Figure 1. Lighted Candle
- What is your observation about the candle before it is lighted? How about during the time the candle was lit? How about after putting out the flame of the candle?
- What state of matter is the lighted candle when it melts?
- What process takes place when solid state changes to a liquid state?
- How about when a liquid state changes back to solid? What is the process called?
Letting wet clothes to dry (Figure 2).
[photo: wet clothes hanging on a line outdoors] Photo credits: Lynnette C. Dua Figure 2. Hang wet clothes
- What is your observation on the wet clothes before exposure to the heat of the sun? How about during the time of sun exposure? Finally, after it was exposed to the sun?
- What process takes place when a liquid state changes to a gas state?
- How about when the gas state changes back to a liquid? What is the process called?
Toilet deodorizer (Figure 3) is placed in the comfort room.
[photo: round toilet deodorizer block beside a watch-like object] Photo credits: Lynnette C. Dua Figure 3. Toilet deodorizer
- What is your observation about the size of the toilet deodorizer based from the given conditions?
A. Packed toilet deodorizer.
B. Unpacked deodorizer after 5 days.
C. Unpacked deodorizer after 15 days. - What causes the change in its size?
- What process takes place when solid state changes to gas state?
Activity 2. Phase Changes Using the Particle Model of Matter
Objective: Explain phase changes using the particle model of matter.
Directions:
A. Study the illustrations below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
[chart: particle model diagram; Figure 4. Phase Changes (Increasing ↑ Temperature and Increasing ↑ KE)] Labels: “↑kinetic energy (KE): ↑temperature” (header); “liquid”, “solid”, “gas”; arrows: “melting” (solid to liquid), “evaporation” (liquid to gas), “sublimation” (solid to gas). Figure 4. Phase Changes (Increasing ↑ Temperature and Increasing ↑ KE)
A.1 Refer to Figure 4.
- What happens to the arrangement of particles of matter in solid, liquid and gas as the temperature increases? __________________________________
- What happens to the kinetic energy of particles of matter in solid, liquid and gas as temperature increases? __________________________________
[chart: particle model diagram; Figure 5. Phase Changes (Decreasing ↓Temperature and Decreasing ↓ KE)] Labels: “↓kinetic energy (KE): ↓temperature” (header); “liquid”, “solid”, “gas”; arrows: “freezing” (liquid to solid), “condensation” (gas to liquid), “deposition” (gas to solid). Figure 5. Phase Changes (Decreasing ↓Temperature and Decreasing ↓ KE)
A.2 Refer to Figure 5.
- What happens to the arrangement of particles of matter in solid, liquid and gas as the temperature decreases? _____________________________________
- What happens to the kinetic energy of the particles of matter in solid, liquid, and gas as temperature decreases? _____________________________________
B. Describe the motion and arrangement of particles in each state as temperature changes. Fill in the table with the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Number 1 is done for you as an example.
| Phase Change | Temperature (increasing or decreasing) | Motion (Kinetic Energy) (fast or slow) | Arrangement of particles (very close, close or far) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Melting (Solid – Liquid) | increasing | fast | close |
| 2. Evaporation (Liquid-Gas) | |||
| 3. Sublimation (Solid-Gas) | |||
| 4. Deposition (Gas-Solid) | |||
| 5. Condensation (Gas-Liquid) | |||
| 6. Freezing (Liquid-Solid) |
What is It
Matter undergoes phase changes. The phase change is a change from one state to another without changing the chemical composition of a substance. There are six phase changes that matter can undergo.
[chart: diagram of phase changes; Figure 6. Phase changes] Labels: “liquid”, “solid”, “gas”; arrows: “melting” (solid to liquid), “freezing” (liquid to solid), “evaporation” (liquid to gas), “condensation” (gas to liquid), “deposition” (gas to solid), “sublimation” (solid to gas). Figure 6. Phase changes
Melting is the change of matter from solid state to a liquid state. When liquid state changes back to a solid state, this phase change is called freezing/ solidification. Evaporation is changing matter from the liquid state to gas state, while condensation is the change from the gaseous state to liquid state. When solid state directly changes to gas without passing the liquid state, it is called sublimation. In addition, deposition is the change from a gaseous state directly to solid state.
Increasing the temperature will result in the increase of kinetic energy (motion) of particles and this will affect the current arrangement of the particles in solid, liquid and gas. As the temperature and the kinetic energy are both increase, the tiny particles move, resulting to a farther distance between the particles.
Decreasing the temperature will result in the decrease of kinetic energy (motion) of particles, leading to a closer distance between the particles. The lower the temperature and the kinetic energy, the closer the particles are together.
What’s More
Activity 3. Fill me in!
Directions: Identify the phase change involved by filling in the blanks. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
[chart: flowchart with central “Phase Change” and six branches; Figure 7. The Phase Changes]
- Liquid to (1) _______ – freezing
- Solid to liquid – (2) __________
- Liquid to (3) _______ – evaporation
- (4) __________to gas – sublimation
- (5) ________to liquid – condensation
- Gas to solid – (6) __________
Figure 7. The Phase Changes
Activity 4. Phase changes in our environment!
Directions: Identify the phase changes shown in the picture. Make a presentation on how water behaves in its states within the water cycle. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
[illustration: water cycle showing mountains, rain falling, clouds, a sun, and a body of water] Illustrated by: Rosa Mia L. Pontillo Figure 8. The Water Cycle
Answer:
Scoring Rubrics
3 – Discussions do not have misconceptions; with complete scientific evidence.
2 – Discussions do not completely show scientific evidence.
1 – Discussions do not show complete scientific evidence; with misconceptions.
0 – There is no discussion shown.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Phase change is the change of state of substance undergoing from one form to another. The chemical composition of the substance is retained even when it undergoes phase change.
Matter undergoes phase change due to the change in temperature. The higher the (1) ______ and the kinetic energy, the faster the tiny particles move resulting to the farther distance of the particles from each other. The lower the temperature and the (2) ______, the particles move slowly leading to a closer distance of the particles.
As liquid water evaporates, its temperature (3) ______ and its kinetic energy increases. As the water vapor in the form of clouds condenses, its (4) _______ decreases and its kinetic energy (5) ______.
When ice melts, its temperature increases and its kinetic energy (6) ______. As liquid water solidifies, both its temperature and kinetic energy (7) ______.
What I Can Do
Directions: Read the text below and answer the question that follows. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Availability of potable drinking water is a problem today. Hence, we are not sure if the water we are drinking is potable or not. What phase change can we apply to have a safe drinking water? Write your own idea on how to make water potable/drinkable.
Scoring Rubrics
3 – Discussions do not have misconceptions; with complete scientific evidence.
2 – Discussions do not completely show scientific evidence.
1 – Discussions do not show complete scientific evidence; with misconception.
0 – There is no discussion shown.
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Which transformation process changes a solid state of matter to a gaseous state?
a. evaporation
b. freezing
c. melting
d. sublimationWhich of the following processes changes a gaseous state of matter to a solid state?
a. deposition
b. evaporation
c. melting
d. sublimationWhich transformation process changes a solid state of matter to a liquid state?
a. condensation
b. evaporation
c. freezing
d. meltingWhat phase transformation occurs when clouds precipitate in the form of rain?
a. condensation
b. evaporation
c. melting
d. freezingWhat will happen to the kinetic energy of the particles of matter if the temperature will increase?
a. decrease
b. increase
c. remains the same
d. neither increase nor decreaseWhat happens to the arrangement of particles of solid, liquid and gas as the temperature of particles decreases?
a. Particles are becoming closer together
b. Particles move farther apart from each other
c. There is no change in the arrangement, it stays the same.
d. It becomes disordered and then changes back to become orderedWhat conditions favor evaporation?
a. Increase of temperature and increase of kinetic energy.
b. Decrease of temperature and decrease of kinetic energy.
c. Increase of temperature and decrease of kinetic energy.
d. Decrease of temperature and increase of kinetic energy.Which situations undergoes phase change?
a. cleaning of room
b. opening of tin can
c. melting of ice drop
d. chewing of bubble gumWhat phase change takes place as ice candy solidifies?
a. condensation
b. evaporation
c. freezing
d. sublimationWhich of the following processes leads to the decrease in the movement of particles?
a. melting → evaporation
b. freezing → sublimation
c. condensation → freezing
d. deposition → sublimationWhich of the following activities turns liquid into another state of matter?
a. boiling of water
b. stirring of lemon juice
c. pouring water in a glass
d. discarding used water in a sinkWhat phase change occurs in drying wet clothes?
a. condensation
b. evaporation
c. melting
d. sublimationWhich of the following phase changes needs a decrease in temperature and kinetic energy?
a. solid to gas
b. liquid to gas
c. solid to liquid
d. liquid to solidWhat happens to the arrangement of particles in mothballs once it is placed inside the cabinet for a month?
a. The particles are freezing.
b. The particles are coming closer.
c. The particles are getting heavier.
d. The particles are getting farther apart.What happens to temperature and kinetic energy of a substance when it undergoes change of state from liquid to solid?
a. Both increases
b. Both decreases
c. Both remains the same
d. One either increase or decrease
Additional Activities
Directions: Read the selection below, then answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Peter is a good basketball player. He loves to play every day. As he plays basketball, he perspires a lot. After few minutes, his perspiration disappears. What phase change takes place? What happens to his sweat?
Scoring Rubrics
3– Discussions do not have misconceptions; with complete scientific evidence.
2 – Discussions do not completely show scientific evidence.
1 – Discussions do not show complete scientific evidence with misconception.
0 – There is no discussion shown.
Answer Key
[transcriber’s note: this page is printed upside down; the text is transcribed in reading order]
What I know
- A
- A
- C
- D
- A
- B
- B
- B
- D
- B
- D
- A
- C
- C
- C
What’s New
Act. 1:
- Candle is solid, its part started melting, its the melted part turns back to solid.
- Melting
- Melting
- Freezing/solidification
- The clothes were heavy & watery, gradually they dried up
- Evaporation
- Condensation
- The size decreases
- Because of temperature change, the deodorizer sublime.
- Sublimation
Act. 2: A.
- As the temperature of the particles increases, the attractive forces decrease.
- Increases
- As temperature of the particles decreases, its attractive forces increase.
- Decreases
Act. 2: B.
[transcriber’s note: the column headings of this table are not printed]
| Close | Fast | Increasing | Melting | 1. |
| Far | Fast | Increasing | Evaporation | 2. |
| Far | Fast | Increasing | Sublimation | 3. |
| Very close | Slow | Decreasing | Deposition | 4. |
| Close | Slow | Decreasing | Condensation | 5. |
| Very close | Slow | Decreasing | Freezing | 6. |
What’s More
Act. 3
- Solid
- Melting
- Gas
- Solid
- Gas
- Deposition
Act. 4
Possible answer:
As water evaporates, it changes to water vapor. This process is called evaporation. When water vapor condenses it forms into clouds, this is called condensation. Condensation is a process of changing gaseous state to liquid state.
What I Have Learned
- Temperature
- Kinetic energy
- Increases
- Temperature
- Decreases
- Increases
- Decreases
What I Can Do
Possible answer:
Phase changes involve in making water potable are the processes, evaporation and condensation.
Procedure:
Prepare a simple distillation set-up.
- Heat the water until it evaporates.
- Collect the evaporated water that was condensed from the vapor in a container.
Assessment
- D
- A
- D
- A
- B
- A
- A
- C
- C
- C
- A
- B
- D
- D
- B
Additional Activities
Possible answers:
When Peter’s sweat disappears, evaporation occurs. Sweat changes to vapor.
The decrease in size of the ice indicates that melting occurs, and the appearance of water droplets along the side of the glass shows that the water vapor from the surrounding transformed into water droplets. This process is called condensation.
Arrangement of particles of [illustration: particles arranged closely in a regular grid] ice.
Arrangement of particles of [illustration: particles spaced loosely and irregularly] liquid.
References
Campo, Pia et al. 2013. Science 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education.
Education, Department of. n.d. “Project EASE (Effective Alternative Secondary Education) CHEMISTRY.” In Moduel 15: Changes That Matter Undergoes, 4-6. Pasig City: Bureau of Secondary Education.
Nueva España, Rebecca C, Salmorin Lolita M, Villamil Aurora M, and Zonia M Gerona. 1996. Science and Technology CHEMISTRY Updated Edition. Quezon City: ABIVA Publishing House, INC.
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