This is the Grade 8 Health Quarter 3 Module 1 self-learning module, “Stages of Infection,” from DepEd Caraga Region under the Alternative Delivery Mode. It is for Grade 8 learners studying at home or in class, and for the teachers and parents who guide them. After the module, learners should be able to name and describe the four stages of infection, spot the signs and symptoms of each stage, and explain what a sick person should do to stop an infection from spreading.
On this page 7 sections
What learners will learn
The module’s competency is to discuss the stages of infection (H8DD-IIIa-15). Learners are expected to:
- determine the four stages of infection of communicable diseases
- identify the signs and symptoms of the different stages of infection
- describe the graph showing the stages of infection
- create a poster about the four stages of infection
Lessons in this module
The module has one lesson, Lesson 1: Stages of Infection. It covers the four stages an infection goes through, reviews the chain of infection, and explains how knowing these stages helps a person act early, prevent the spread of infection, and avoid a relapse.
The four stages of infection
The module defines an infection as the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, that are not normally present in the body. An infection follows these four stages in order.
| Stage | What happens | Examples from the module |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Incubation | The period from the entry of the pathogen until the first sign appears | Chickenpox: 2 to 3 weeks; common cold: 1 to 2 days; influenza: 1 to 3 days; mumps: 12 to 25 days |
| 2. Prodromal | Non-specific signs and symptoms begin | Fever, headache, fatigue, malaise, low-grade fever |
| 3. Illness | More specific signs and symptoms appear | Common cold: sore throat, sinus congestion, rhinitis. Mumps: earache, high fever, swelling of the salivary glands |
| 4. Convalescence (recovery) | Acute symptoms disappear | Recovery can take several days to months |
How long recovery takes depends on how severe the infection is and on the sick person’s general health.
The module also includes a graph that shows the stages as an arc. The number of microbes starts low during incubation (no signs or symptoms), rises during the prodromal period (mild signs or symptoms), peaks during the period of illness (the most severe signs and symptoms), then falls through the period of decline and the period of convalescence.
The chain of infection
Communicable diseases come from the interaction of a pathogen, a host, and the environment. Pathogens are disease-causing organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The module explains the chain this way:
- The agent (pathogen) lives in a reservoir, such as a body of water, an animal, or a human.
- It leaves through a portal of exit, such as the nose, mouth, or skin.
- It travels by a mode of transmission, such as direct contact, droplets, air, a vector, or a vehicle.
- It enters through a portal of entry.
- It infects a susceptible host.
The module’s example is Peter, who got itchy feet after running through water at a school fun run. He hung his socks to dry, and his brother John wore them the next day. In this chain, the fungus is the agent, the water is where it thrives, the sock is the reservoir, it passes through the sock, it enters through the feet, and the one who uses the sock is the next host.
When someone gets an infection, the module advises them to watch for signs and symptoms, stay away from other people, maintain personal hygiene, and take the doctor’s advice seriously. Good hygiene, wearing a face mask and face shield, and avoiding direct contact with infected people all help prevent transmission.
How to use this module
The module follows the usual self-learning module parts, in this order:
- What I Know: a 15-item multiple-choice pretest.
- What’s In: building the chain of infection from Peter’s story.
- What’s New: a word web of eight words related to infection.
- What is It: the lesson discussion.
- What’s More: Activity 1 (list and describe the four stages) and Activity 2 (describe the graph).
- What I Have Learned: a “Pick and Put” table that sorts facts under each stage.
- What I Can Do: a yes-or-no self-check on what to do when infected, and a poster on long bond paper scored with a rubric for pictures, visual appeal, and content.
- Assessment: a 15-item post-test.
- Additional Activities: “Remember Me,” where learners narrate a past illness stage by stage.
Learners: Write all answers in your activity notebook, not on the module. Use the answer key honestly after you finish each part.
Parents: Help your child follow the order of the parts, and ask the teacher if they get stuck on a task.
Teachers: Check the answer key against the lesson before using it. Several printed pretest answers (items 8 to 11, 14, and 15) and post-test answers (items 10 and 12) do not match the lesson content. The key also labels the chain-of-infection answers as “What’s New,” though they belong to “What’s In.”
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this Health module for?
It is for Grade 8 Health, Quarter 3, Module 1, with the competency code H8DD-IIIa-15.
What are the four stages of infection?
Incubation, prodromal, illness, and convalescence. Convalescence is also called the recovery stage.
What is the incubation period of chickenpox and mumps?
The module gives 2 to 3 weeks for chickenpox and 12 to 25 days for mumps. It also gives 1 to 2 days for the common cold and 1 to 3 days for influenza.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes, it has keys for the pretest, the post-test, and the chain-of-infection activity. Some printed answers do not match the lesson, so check them against the discussion.
What is the prodromal stage?
It is the second stage of infection, when non-specific signs and symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue begin.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Health – Quarter 3 – Module 1: Stages of Infection
8
Health
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Stages of Infection
[illustration: students studying outdoors and at home, with a teacher, a globe, and a lamp]
[illustration: diagonal printed text on the cover reading “PAG-ARI NG PAMAHALAAN HINDI IPINAGBIBILI”]
CO_Q3_Health8_ Module 1
Health – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 1: Stages of Infection First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Emelyn P. Baleña Content Editors: Amor T. Ragosta, Maria Joan C. Pulido, Danny O. Baldos Language Editors: Ferdinand C. Elma, Jocelyn E. Plaza, Reynaldo L. Enriquez, Pepsi C. Lopez Illustrator: Mark Evan G. Bernales Layout Artists: Jaypee D. Platero, Blessy T. Soroysoroy, Armand D. Subingsubing Content/Pedagogy Reviewers: Maricel G. Capiña, Gelody Elumba Language Reviewers: Ivy I. Naparan, Pepsi C. Lopez Book Design Review: Ruth C. Cuesta Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas, Isidro M. Biol. Jr., Josephine Chonie M. Obseñares, Bernard C. Abellana, Maripaz F. Magno, Lorenzo O. Macasocol, Gemma A. De Paz, Lorna P. Gayol, Avalota A. Cejas, Lelani R. Abutay, Abraham L. Masendo, Joel P. Longaquit, Philip Trillana, Narciso C. Oliveros Jr., Ofelia C. Siangco, Menerva Barabar
Department of Education – Caraga Region
Office Address: Learning Resources Management Section, JP Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600 Telefax: (085) 342-8207/ (085) 342-5969 E-mail Address: caraga@deped.gov.ph
8
Health
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Stages of Infection
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Stages of Infection. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be change to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module contains:
Lesson 1- Stages of Infection
After going through this module, you are expected to:
- discuss the stages of infection (H8DD-IIIa-15)
- a. determine the four stages of infection of communicable diseases;
- b. identify the signs and symptoms of the different stages of infection;
- c. describe the graph showing the stages of infection; and
- d. create a poster about the four stages of infections.
What I Know
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
What is the first stage of infection?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
What is the second stage of infection which starts from the onset of non-specific signs and symptoms such as fever?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
What is the third stage of infection which begins when more specific signs and symptoms appear?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
In what stage of infection do acute symptoms of infection start to disappear?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
Which of the following is not a sign and symptom of the common colds during the illness stage?
- A. High Fever
- B. Runny Nose
- C. Sore Throat
- D. Urinary Tract Infection
What do you call the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not normally present within the body?
- A. Diseases
- B. Infections
- C. Stages
- D. All of these
What stage of infection shows the interval between the entrance of pathogen into the body and appearance of first symptoms?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
Which of the following is NOT a common sign and symptom during prodromal stage flu?
- A. headache
- B. runny nose
- C. fever
- D. toothache
What can you do to prevent transmission of infectious diseases?
- A. Maintaining good hygiene
- B. Wearing face mask and face shield
- C. Avoiding direct contact with infected people
- D. All of the above
What type of diseases is caused by the direct and indirect spread of pathogens from one person to another?
- A. lifestyle related diseases
- B. hereditary diseases
- C. communicable diseases
- D. non-communicable diseases
What are the diseases caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites?
- A. allergy
- B. cancer
- C. infectious diseases
- D. non-infectious diseases
What is the other term for convalescence stage?
- A. Illness Period
- B. Incubation Stage
- C. Prodromal Stage
- D. Recovery Stage
What should the sick person do if he/she gets infected?
- A. maintain personal hygiene
- B. staying away from other people
- C. taking the advice of the doctors
- D. all of these
How long is the incubation period for chickenpox?
- A. 1 to 2 days
- B. 1 to 3 days
- C. 12 to 25 days
- D. 2 to 3 weeks
How long is the incubation period for mumps?
- A. 1 to 2 days
- B. 1 to 3 days
- C. 12 to 25 days
- D. 2 to 3 weeks
Lesson 1 Stages of Infection
Knowing the different stages of infections will guide you on what to do when the first symptoms appear. It will also help you to prevent the spread of infection and prevent the possibility of relapse.
What’s In
Directions: In your activity notebook, write the chain of infections in the box based on the story below. Remember that the elements in the chain are sequentially arranged. Choose your answer from the pool of words/ phrases below. Do this in your activity notebook.
- Water
- Fungus
- Feet
- Sock
- Through the sock
- One who uses sock
[chart: cycle diagram; six numbered boxes (1 to 6) joined by arrows in a loop, arranged clockwise from 1 at the top]
Peter joined the school fun run; he desired to win so he didn’t mind if he was stepping on water wherein his foot got soaked. Even if this made him uncomfortable because his feet were very itchy, he didn’t do anything but removed his socks that evening.
He hung his pair of socks at the back of the refrigerator to dry and immediately went to sleep because he was so tired.
The following morning, his brother John saw the dried pair of socks and used it thinking that it was clean.
Guide Questions:
- What kind of pathogens have the ability to cause Peter’s diseases?
- Where do these microorganisms thrive and reproduce?
- Where is the reservoir of the microorganisms?
- How did the microorganisms transfer to John?
- Where did the microorganisms enter John?
- Who is the next host?
What’s New
Directions: Using the graphic organizer below, write eight (8) words that are related to infection in the box. The first one is done for you. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
[chart: graphic organizer (web diagram); center oval labeled “infection”, with eight rectangular boxes connected by arrows around it; the top box is filled in with “inflammation” and the other seven boxes are empty]
What is It
When a person is sick, the first stage of infection is incubation. It is the period starting from the entry of the pathogen until the appearance of the first sign. For example, chickenpox, takes two (2) to three (3) weeks of incubation; common colds takes one (1) to two (2) days; , while influenza holds one (1) to three (3) days; and mumps holds twelve (12) to twenty-five (25) days.
The second stage is called the prodromal stage which starts from the onset of non-specific signs and symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue.
The illness stage begins when more specific signs and symptoms appear. For example, the common cold is characterized by sore throat, sinus congestion, and rhinitis, mumps manifested by earache, high fever, and salivary gland swelling.
The last stage of infection is an interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear. The length of recovery depends on the severity of the infection and the sick person’s general state of health. Recovery may take several days to months and is called the convalescence stage.
Let’s review the chain of infection, study the figure below:
[chart: chain of infection diagram; labels as printed: “Chain of infection”; “RESERVOIR”; “AGENT”; “MODE OF TRANSMISSION” with sub-labels “DROPLET”, “DIRECT CONTACT”, “VECTOR”, “VEHICLE”, “AIRBORNE”; “SUSCEPTIBLE HOST” with label “PORTALS OF ENTRY”. Values are not labeled on the chart.]
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Principles of epidemiology, 2nd ed. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services;1992.
Communicable diseases result from the interaction of an infectious agent called pathogens, host, and environment. Pathogens are disease causing organisms which can be viruses, bacteria, fungi, among others. Transmission occurs when the pathogen leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, which is delivered by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host.
Reservoirs can be a place such as bodies of water, animals, and humans. Examples of mode of transmission include direct contact, air borne, and vector borne. Examples of portal of exit and entry include the nose, mouth, skin, and genitals to name a few.
By understanding the chain of infection, the sick person must intervene to prevent the infection from developing any further. When a sick person acquires an infection, he/she must observe signs and symptoms of infection and take appropriate actions to prevent the spread like staying away from other people, and taking the doctor’s advice seriously. Infection follows a progressive course as explained above. The severity of the sick person’s illness depends on the extent of the infection, the pathogenicity of the microorganism, and the susceptibility of the host.
What’s More
Activity 1: What do you know
Directions: Enumerate the four stages of infection and describe each stage. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
[illustration: blank scroll-shaped answer space]
Activity 2: Describe the Graph
Directions: Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
- Where does the arc start and end? What does it mean?
- Describe the flow of the arc. If you noticed, it started low, then up, then, it goes down.
[chart: line graph (arc) with y-axis “Number of microbes” and x-axis “Time”; the arc starts low at the left, rises, peaks, then falls to the right; printed labels: “Incubation period (no signs or symptoms)”; “Prodromal period (mild signs or symptoms)”; “Period of illness”; “Most severe signs and symptoms” (under the rising and peak portion); “Signs and symptoms” (under the falling portion); “Period of decline”; “Period of convalescence”. Values are not labeled on the chart.]
What I Have Learned
Activity: Pick and Put
Directions: Copy the table below in your activity notebook. Then, classify the entries under choices. Be guided by the stages of infections provided.
| Incubation Stage | Prodromal Stage | Illness Stage | Convalescence Stage |
|---|---|---|---|
CHOICES:
| Length of recovery depends on the severity of the infection and the patient’s general state of health; take several days to months. | Chickenpox, 2-3 weeks Common cold, 1-2 days Influenza, 1-3 days Mumps, 12-25 days | Malaise, low-grade fever, fatigue | Common cold manifested by sore throat, sinus congestion, rhinitis, mumps manifested by earache. |
What I Can Do
Activity 1: I Have to Decide
Directions: Match the entries under Column 1 with Column 2. Then, put a check mark on the item which you consider correct. Refer to the scoring sheet on the next page.
| 1 WHEN THE FOLLOWING HAPPENS… | 2 WHAT WILL I DO? | 3 YES | 4 NO |
|---|---|---|---|
| By understanding the chain and stages of infection | I will intervene to prevent infections from developing | ||
| When I acquire infection | I will observe signs and symptoms of infections | ||
| When there are symptoms and signs | I will take appropriate actions to prevent its spread. | ||
| If the symptoms and signs persist | I will see the appropriate doctor/medical specialist. |
Let us see how you scored the activity;
[illustration: star badge labeled 1st] If you have checked all Yes, then you are really a disciplined and health conscious student. You are ready to be a model for others to follow.
[illustration: star badge labeled 2nd] If you have checked two (2) Yes, then you have to go back to where you started and internalize or analyze what a sick person should do when he/ she is infected. So that when you are infected you know what to do.
[illustration: star badge labeled 3rd] If you have checked one (1) Yes, then you have to read the module again.
Activity 2: Poster Making
Directions: Create a poster showing the four stages of infection. Do this on a long bond paper. Be guided by the rubrics below.
| Skills | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pictures/ Graphics | Pictures and graphics are clear and relevant. | Most pictures and graphics are clear and relevant. | Few of the pictures and graphics are clear and relevant. | Pictures and graphics are not relevant. |
| Visual Clarity and Appeal | The poster has an excellent design and layout. It is neat and clear. | The poster has a nice design and layout. It is neat and easy to read. | The poster needs improvement in design, layout or neatness. | The poster needs significant improvement in design, layout and neatness. |
| Content/ Creativity | The poster has excellent original content and creativity | The poster has nice original content and creativity | The poster has less original content and creativity | The poster has no original content and creativity. |
Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
What should the sick person do if he/she gets infected?
- A. maintain personal hygiene
- B. staying away from other people
- C. taking the advice of the doctors
- D. all of these
How long is the incubation period for mumps?
- A. 1 to 2 days
- B. 1 to 3 days
- C. 12 to 25 days
- D. 2 to 3 weeks
What is the other term for convalescence stage?
- A. Illness Period
- B. Incubation Stage
- C. Prodromal Stage
- D. Recovery Stage
What stage of infection shows the interval between the entrance of pathogen into the body and appearance of first symptoms?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness or Clinical stage
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
What type of diseases is caused by the direct and indirect spread of pathogens from one person to another?
- A. lifestyle related diseases
- B. hereditary diseases
- C. communicable diseases
- D. non-communicable diseases
What can you do to prevent transmission of infectious diseases?
- A. Maintaining good hygiene
- B. Wearing face mask and face shield
- C. Avoiding direct contact with infected people
- D. all of the above
What are the diseases caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites?
- A. allergy
- B. cancer
- C. infectious diseases
- D. non-infectious diseases
How long is the incubation period for chickenpox?
- A. 1 to 2 days
- B. 1 to 3 days
- C. 12 to 25 days
- D. 2 to 3 weeks
What do you call the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not normally present within the body?
- A. Diseases
- B. Infections
- C. Stages
- D. All of these
Which of the following is NOT a common sign and symptom during prodromal stage of flu?
- A. headache
- B. runny nose
- C. fever
- D. toothache
- What is the first stage of infection?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
- What is the third stage of infection which begins when more specific signs and symptoms appear?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
- In what stage of infection do acute symptoms of infection disappear?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
- Which of the following is not a sign and symptom of the common colds during the illness stage?
- A. High Fever
- B. Runny Nose
- C. Sore Throat
- D. Urinary Tract Infection
- What is the second stage of infection which starts from the onset of non-specific signs and symptoms such as fever?
- A. Convalescence
- B. Illness
- C. Incubation
- D. Prodromal
Additional Activities
Activity 1: Remember Me
Directions: Recall your experience of getting an infectious disease. Narrate what happened according to the four stages of infection. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
[illustration: scroll with four labeled lines]
Incubation Period-
Prodromal Stage-
Illness Stage-
Convalescence Stage-
Answer Key
| What’s New | Assessment | What I Know |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Fungus | 1. D | 1. C |
| 2. Water | 2. C | 2. D |
| 3. sock | 3. D | 3. B |
| 4. Through the sock | 4. C | 4. A |
| 5. feet | 5. C | 5. D |
| 6. One who uses sock | 6. D | 6. B |
| 7. C | 7. C | |
| 8. D | 8. C | |
| 9. B | 9. B | |
| 10. C | 10. A | |
| 11. C | 11. A | |
| 12. D | 12. D | |
| 13. A | 13. D | |
| 14. D | 14. A | |
| 15. D | 15. D |
References
Department of Education, Physical Education and Health 8, Learner’s Module Philippines (Vicarish Publication and Trading, Inc., 2013)
Lucia A. Mojica, Honing Your Skills Through Mapeh 8 (Jo-es Publishing House Inc.)
“Prevention and Control of Diseases and Disorders,” Scribd, accessed June 9, 2020, https://www.scribd.com/presentation/433448480/Prevention-and-Control-of-Diseases-and-Disorders
“Unit III Health,” Scribd, accessed June 9 ,2020, https://www.scribd.com/presentation/429045806/UNIT-III-Health-ppt-pptx
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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