This is the Grade 6 Science Quarter 2 Module 6 self-learning module (SLM), Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests, Coral Reefs and Mangrove Swamps. It is an Alternative Delivery Mode module from DepEd Region VI – Western Visayas (First Edition, 2020), written for Grade 6 learners studying at home or in class. After working through it, learners should be able to identify and discuss how living and nonliving things interact in three Philippine ecosystems.
On this page 7 sections
What learners will learn
After going through this module, learners are expected to:
- Identify and discuss the interactions among living and nonliving things in tropical rainforests
- Identify and discuss the interactions among living and nonliving things in coral reefs
- Identify and discuss the interactions among living and nonliving things in mangrove swamps
The module’s references list the K to 12 Curriculum Guide in Science code S6MTIIi-j-5.
Lessons in this module
- Lesson 1: Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests. This lesson covers the layers of the rainforest, producers and consumers, food chains and food webs, and the interactions between rainforest organisms.
- Lesson 2: Ecosystem: Coral Reefs. This lesson covers coral reefs as a marine biome: the factors that form reefs, the three kinds of reefs, and how reef animals interact.
- Lesson 3: Ecosystem: Mangrove Swamps. This lesson covers the plants and animals of mangrove swamps, how they depend on one another, and why mangroves must be protected.
Key ideas: ecosystems and interactions
An ecosystem is an environment where living and nonliving things exist and interact with one another. The interaction helps living things survive and also affects the nonliving things. In a tropical rainforest, the living things are plants and animals. The nonliving things are soil, air, humidity, water, and sunlight. For example, plants take in carbon dioxide to make food and release oxygen during photosynthesis.
Layers of the tropical rainforest
| Layer | What the module says |
|---|---|
| Emergent | Trees that are 130 to 180 feet tall |
| Canopy | Tall, slender trees forming a dense platform of vegetation 60 to 129 feet above the ground |
| Understory | About 59 feet and below; trunks of canopy trees, shrubs, small trees, and plants |
| Forest floor | Deep shade, because little sunlight gets through; home to jaguars, tigers, and cassowaries, plus fungi, insects, worms, and fallen litter |
Food chains and food webs
Producers such as trees and shrubs give food to consumers. Herbivores (plant eaters) are in turn eaten by carnivores (flesh eaters). A food chain starts with a producer, then goes through a series of consumers and ends with decomposers. The module’s example is: sun, plant (producer), worm (primary consumer), chicken (secondary consumer), snake (tertiary consumer), and fungi (decomposer). A food web is made up of food chains that are connected to each other.
Kinds of interactions, with the module’s examples
| Interaction | Meaning | Rainforest | Coral reef | Mangrove swamp |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commensalism | Organisms live together without harming one another | Orchids attached to a tree trunk | Barnacles on a turtle’s skin | Barnacles and oysters on mangrove roots |
| Mutualism | Both organisms benefit | A bee or butterfly sucks nectar and the flower reproduces | Corals get oxygen from algae; algae get protection | Crabs and mollusks break down plant litter through grazing |
| Competition | Organisms compete to survive | Grass, shrubs, and trees compete for sunlight and soil nutrients | Fishes compete for food and space | — |
| Predation | One organism kills another for food | A snake eats a rat | A big fish eats a small fish | A white heron (tagak) eats a fish |
The activities also mention parasitism, where a parasite depends on another organism for food, and cooperation, such as ants in a colony.
Key ideas: coral reefs and mangrove swamps
A coral reef is a marine biome rich in sea life. Its living part includes fish, sea grass, corals, sponges, and other marine animals. Sea grass is a producer that feeds sea turtles, crabs, dugongs, and fishes. Its nonliving part includes water and sand. Temperature, light penetration, stable salinity, and water movement help coral reefs form. There are three kinds of reefs:
- Fringing reefs hug the shore of continents or islands.
- Barrier reefs stand between the open sea and a lagoon.
- Coral atolls enclose a lagoon.
A mangrove swamp is made up mostly of mangrove plants and animals such as crustaceans and migratory birds. Its nonliving part is water, sand, mud, rocks, and sunlight. Different animals live in different parts of the mangrove:
- White herons and other birds live in the mangrove canopy.
- Fishes and crustaceans live among the roots.
- Oysters and mussels cling to the trunks and lower branches.
- Monitor lizards, mudskippers, shrimps, crabs, pelicans, and some saltwater crocodiles also live there.
Mangroves matter because:
- They are breeding and nesting grounds for animals, including fishes before they head to the open ocean.
- They give many species shelter and food.
- They act as a natural barrier against flooding and erosion.
- They are a source of livelihood for coastal communities.
The module features a mangrove planting and clean-up drive by YES-O members in Brgy. Sampinit, Bago City, Negros Occidental.
How to use this module
- Learners: Start with the pretest to check what you already know. Then work through each lesson in order: What’s In, What’s New, What Is It, What’s More, What I Have Learned, What I Can Do, and Additional Activities. Write your answers in your Science Journal or on a separate sheet, not in the module. Finish with the 10-item Assessment, then check your work honestly using the answer key.
- Parents and facilitators: The module includes notes for teachers and parents on how to support home-based learning. Encourage your child to read the directions carefully and to ask the teacher about anything unclear.
- Teachers: The comparison of interactions across the three ecosystems is a good basis for review. The open-ended What’s More items marked “answers may vary” work well for discussion.
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this Science module for?
It is for Grade 6 Science, Quarter 2, Module 6. It was produced by DepEd Region VI – Western Visayas as an Alternative Delivery Mode module, First Edition 2020.
What are the layers of a tropical rainforest?
The module names four layers: emergent (trees 130 to 180 feet tall), canopy (60 to 129 feet), understory (about 59 feet and below), and the shaded forest floor.
What are the three kinds of coral reefs?
Fringing reefs hug the shore of continents or islands. Barrier reefs stand between the open sea and a lagoon. Coral atolls enclose a lagoon.
Why are mangrove swamps important?
They serve as breeding and nesting grounds for animals and as habitat and shelter for many species. They also act as a natural barrier against flooding and erosion, and they are a source of livelihood for coastal communities.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. The module includes an answer key for its activities and tests, including the 10-item Assessment.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Science Quarter 2 – Module 6 Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests, Coral Reefs and Mangrove Swamps
CO_Q2_Science6_Module6
[illustration: students and a teacher at a desk with a globe, a student reading by lantern light, and children reading outdoors under a tree]
Copyright and Development Team
Science – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 6 Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests, Coral Reefs and Mangrove Swamps First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region VI – Western Visayas Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000 Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653 E-mail Address: region6@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Nancy N. Torres, Judy C. Villanueva, Jamicah B. Barcenal, Juliemar D. Lestimoso Editor: Ma. Ana C. Ebon Reviewers: Marilou D. Aribas, Ana Maria M. Espende, Eleah Joy T. Poneles Illustrators: Ronald R. Castillo, Kharlo L. Gambale Layout Artist: Roxan E. Del Castillo, Lance Robert V. Legario Graphic Artist: Gilbert Paulo C. Pagapang Management Team: Ramir B. Uytico, Pedro T. Escobarte, Allan B. Yap, Ermi V. Miranda, Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Genine, Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Lourdes V. Teodoro, Ma. Ana C. Ebon, Raymund L. Santiago
Science Quarter 2 – Module 6 Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests, Coral Reefs and Mangrove Swamps
6
Introductory Message
This Self- Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises and discussion are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide your step by step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre- test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lesson on each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator on your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self –check your learning. Answer key are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home- based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module do not hesitate to consult your facilitator.
Thank you.
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- Which of the following pairs of organisms shows commensalism?
- a. butterfly sucking the flowers
- b. ferns attached to a tree
- c. flatworms in coral reefs
- d. snake eating a rat
- Which of the following describes a canopy of the rainforest?
- a. composed of trees that are 130 to 180 feet tall
- b. about 59 feet and consists of trunk of canopy, shrubs, small plants and trees
- c. consists mostly of fungi, insects, worms and litter from taller trees
- d. has slender tees from a dense platform of vegetation with 60 to 129 feet
- Why is producer important in an ecosystem?
- a. It is the source of food to the consumers.
- b. It is an organism that eats plants.
- c. It breaks down organism into smaller particles.
- d. It is a series of feeding relationship.
- _____ results from the interconnected food chains.
- a. consumer
- b. producer
- c. food web
- d. biotic component
- A reef that stands between the open sea and a lagoon refers to _____.
- a. Barrier Reefs
- b. Fringing Reefs
- c. Coral Atolls
- d. Coral reefs
- Why is there a need to protect and conserve the mangrove swamp ecosystem?
- a. It is home to animals like jaguar, monkey and owl.
- b. It serves as breeding or nesting grounds of fishes.
- c. It protects sea animals like sponges, mollusks and crustaceans.
- d. It provides livelihood to the farmers.
Lesson 1: Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests
Living things and non-living things interact with each other in a Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem. Living things include plants and animals. Non-living things include soil, air, humidity, water and sunlight.
What’s In
Directions: The following are found in tropical rainforests. Classify them as living or non-living things. Write your answers in your Science Journal.
tropical shrubs trees birds carbon dioxide sunlight oxygen
| Living Things | Non-living Things |
|---|---|
What’s New
Have you gone to a forest? How will you describe this ecosystem? How do living and non-living things interact in this ecosystem? Write your answer in your Science Journal.
[illustration: cartoon of a tropical rainforest with tall trees, plants, animals and a stream]
Figure 1: Tropical rainforest
What Is It
The Ecosystem is an environment where both living and non-living things exist and interact with one another. This interaction enables the survival of living things and affects non-living things. Example of ecosystem is the tropical rainforests. Living things that can be found here composed of plants and animals. Non-living things include soil, air, humidity, water and sunlight.
Rainforest has different layers namely emergent, canopy, understory and forest floor. Emergent refers to trees that are 130 to 180 feet tall. Canopy, on the other hand, has tall slender trees from a dense platform of vegetation with 60 to 129 feet of the ground.
The understory is about 59 feet and below and consists of trunks of canopy, shrubs, trees and small plants. The forest floor is home to animals like jaguars, tigers and cassowaries which thrive in a deep shade part of the forest where plant life is thin. This is because only a small percent of sunlight gets through the thick canopy and understory and reaches the forest floor. Organisms like fungi, insects, worms and litter from taller trees that fall on the forest floor can be found here.
[chart: diagram; Figure 2: Layers of the rainforest] Labels, from top to bottom: Emergent Layer; Canopy Layer; Understory Layer; Forest Floor.
Figure 2: Layers of the rainforest
Producers provide food for the consumers which include herbivores-plant eating animals and carnivores-flesh eating animals. Herbivores provide food to the carnivores. Producers include trees, shrubs and other plant life in the forest.
Feeding relationships like food chain and food web occur among species in the forest ecosystem. Food chain starts with producer, a series of consumers and decomposers. Food web results from the interconnected food chains.
[chart: flowchart; Figure 3: Food chain]
Sun → Plant (Producer) → Worm (Primary Consumer) → Chicken (Secondary Consumer)
Snake (Tertiary Consumer) → Fungi (Decomposer)
[chart: food web diagram; Figure 4: Food Web]
Values are not labeled on the chart. [transcriber’s note: the food web diagram contains illustrations of plants and animals with arrows between them and no printed text labels apart from the caption.]
There are different organisms living in this ecosystem which interact with each other. There are interactions that exist among the tropical rainforest.
[illustration: orchids growing on a tree trunk]
Commensalism is an interaction where organisms live together without harming one another for example orchids is attached to the trunk of a tree without harming it.
[illustration: a bee on a flower]
In mutualism both organisms benefit in the relationship for example, a bee or butterfly suck nectar from a flower and the flower reproduces.
[illustration: plants and trees growing in a forest]
Competition is an interaction wherein organisms compete for survival. For example, grass, shrubs, flowers, and trees grow together in one area where they compete for source of food, sunlight, soil nutrients and other things needed for their survival.
[illustration: a snake]
Predation is a kind of interaction in which one organism kills smaller organisms for food. An example of this is when a snake eats a rat for food. Predator usually organisms which are stronger, bigger and fiercer compared to prey.
What’s More
Directions: Read carefully and answer the following items. Write your answers in your Science Journal.
What are the interactions that exist among living things and non-living things in the tropical rainforest?
Discuss interaction between plants and sunlight in a tropical rainforest ecosystem.
What will happen if producers will decrease in a rainforest ecosystem?
Are the interactions among living things and non-living things important? Why?
What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete the paragraph below. Choose your answer from the words inside the box. Write your answer in your Science Journal.
mutualism ecosystem understory canopy predation emergent forest floor food chain food web commensalism
I learned that…….
The _____ is an environment where both living and non-living things exist and interact with one another.
The different layers of the rainforest are _____, _____, _____ and _____ .
_____ is a series of feeding relationship, while _____ is an inter-connected food chain.
_____ is an interaction where organisms live together without harming one another, for example, the orchids are attached to the trunk of a tree without harming it. In _____, both organisms benefit in the relationship. _____ is a kind of interaction in which one organism kills smaller organisms for food.
Directions: Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Write your answer in your Science Journal.
Living things and non-living things interact with each other in a Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem. This interaction enables the survival of living things and affects non-living things. Can you identify the living and non-living things in a Tropical Rainforest? Discuss their interaction.
Example: Plants and carbon-dioxide – Plants need carbon dioxide for food- making, in return, it releases oxygen during the process of photosynthesis.
Additional Activities
Directions: The table below shows the different interactions in a tropical rainforest. Choose the correct organism that shows the kind of interaction in a given ecosystem. Write the letter of the correct answer in your Science Journal.
| Interaction in Tropical rainforests | Organisms Involved |
|---|---|
| 1. Mutualism | a. The shrubs, flowers and trees grow in one area. b. The butterfly sucks nectar from a flower; flower reproduces. |
| 2. Commensalism | a. The birds eat worms. b. The orchids attach to a branch of a tree. |
| 3. Competition | a. The orchids attach to a branch of a tree. b. The grass, flowers, trees grow together in one area |
| 4. Cooperation | a. The ants in a colony. b. The snake eats a rat. |
| 5. Predation | a. The snake eats a rat. b. The ferns attach on a tree. |
Lesson 2 Ecosystem: Coral Reefs
A coral reef is rich with marine life. It is a marine biome. It is composed of non-living things and living things. The living part composed of different species like fish, sea grass, corals, sponges and other marine animals.
What’s In
Directions: The following are found in coral reefs. Classify them as living or non-living things. Write your answers in your Science Journal.
- crab _____
- turtle _____
- fish _____
- sand _____
- water _____
What’s New
Directions: Answer the following questions below. Write your answers in your Science Journal.
Have you gone to a coral reef? How will you describe this ecosystem? How do living and non-living things interact in coral reefs ecosystem?
[illustration: coral reef ecosystem with fish, seaweed, corals and a sea anemone]
Figure 5: Coral Reef Ecosystem
Just like in other ecosystems, in coral reefs, organisms interact with each other. The producers like sea grass, provide food and nutrients to the consumers. These consumers include sea turtles, crabs, manatees (dugong), fishes and other marine animals.
The factors that contribute to the coral reef formation are temperature, light penetration, stable salinity and water movement.
There are different categories of coral reefs. Fringing reefs are reefs that hug the shore of continents or islands. Barrier reefs are reefs that stand between the open sea and a lagoon. Coral atolls are reefs that enclose a lagoon.
There are interactions that exist in the coral reefs’ ecosystem.
| [illustration: sea turtle with barnacles on its shell] | Commensalism is an interaction where organisms live together without harming one another, for example, barnacles attached on skin of turtles without harming them. Barnacles are benefitted while the host is not harmed. |
| [illustration: corals and a sponge-like organism] | In mutualism, both organisms benefit in the relationship, for example, the corals receive oxygen from the algae; the algae get protection from them. |
| [illustration: fishes swimming among corals] | Competition is an interaction wherein organisms compete for survival. For example, the fishes compete for source of food and space in the coral reef. |
| [illustration: big fish with an open mouth eating a small fish] | Predation is a kind of interaction in which one organism kills smaller organisms for food. An example of this is when a big fish eats a small fish. The predator which a big fish benefits in the interaction while the prey, a small fish is harmed. |
What’s More
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers in your Science journal.
What are the living and non-living things found in the coral reefs?
How do they interact with each other?
Discuss the relationship or interaction between:
Big fish and small fish
Worm in the flesh and guts of fish
Are these interactions important? Why?
What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete the paragraph. Choose your answer from the words given inside the box below. Write your answer in your Science journal.
[box: water movement; coral reefs; coral Atolls; barrier reefs; temperature; fringing reefs; parasitism; predation]
I learned that ….
The _____ serve as a breeding ground of marine life.
The factors that contribute to the reef formation are light penetration, _____, stable salinity and _____.
The _____, _____ and _____ are categories of coral reefs. _____ is an interaction where organisms live together without harming one another, for example, barnacles attached on skin of turtles without harming them. In both organisms benefit in the relationship. For example, the corals receive oxygen from the algae; the algae get protection from them. _____ is a kind of interaction where one organism, the parasite, depends on another organism for food, production and reproduction. _____ is a kind of interaction in which one organism kills smaller organisms for food. An example of this is when a big fish eats a small fish.
What I Can Do
Directions: Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Write it in your Science Journal.
Living things and non-living things interact with each other in a Coral reef ecosystem. Coral reef is composed of non-living components such as water and sand. It serves as breeding place for fish, crustaceans, mollusks, cnidarians, sponges and echinoderms. Their interaction enables the survival of living things and affects non-living things. Can you identify the living and non-living things in Coral Reef Ecosystem? Discuss their interaction.
Additional Activities
Directions: Identify the interaction between the given pair of organisms in column A and its interaction in column B. Write it in your Science journal.
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. sea urchin-corals | a. mutualism |
| 2. barnacles-turtle | b. competition |
| 3. worm-fish | c. predation |
| 4. tuna fish-blue marlins | d. commensalism |
| 5. clown fish-sea anemone | e. parasitism |
Lesson 3: Ecosystem: Mangrove Swamps
A mangrove swamp is a home to a diverse living and non-living things. Different species of animals like crustaceans, fish and mollusk compose the living part of mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove plants are the main organism that dominates this ecosystem. How do living and non-living things interact with each other in this environment?
What’s In
Tropical Rainforest
Living Things: _____ / _____
Non-living Things: _____ / _____
Coral Reefs
Living Thing: _____ / _____
Non-living Things: _____ / _____
What’s New
Direction: Pick out the animals that can be found in mangrove swamps ecosystem. Write your answer in your Science Journal.
| monitor lizard | oysters | bats |
|---|---|---|
| white heron (tagak) | snake | fish |
| fiddler crab | eagle | monkey |
| dolphin | rat | clown fish |
| corals | sea urchin | sea anemone |
What Is It
Mangrove swamp ecosystem is composed mostly of mangrove plants and animals like crustaceans and migratory birds. The non-living part composed of water, sand, mud, rocks and sunlight. It is an important system that allows for the breeding of fishes and survival of other marine animals. It is also a part of the coastal and marine ecosystems.
There are varieties of marine and terrestrial life living in mangroves. Animals like white heron (tagak), and other birds inhabit the mangrove canopy. Fishes and crustaceans live underneath the mangrove roots system. Organisms like oyster, mussels attached themselves to the trunk and lower branches of the mangroves. Animals like monitor lizard, mudskipper and crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs live in mangrove swamps. Also, migratory birds like pelicans, spoon bills and bald eagles are also found in this habitat. Some saltwater crocodiles can also live in Philippine mangrove swamps.
[photo: mangrove swamp with trees growing over water] Photo credit: Ester I. Posadas
Figure 6: Mangrove swamp in Bago City, Negros Occidental
The symbiotic interaction found in a mangrove ecosystem includes many organisms that depend on mangrove for survival. Animals like oysters, mollusks and barnacles are dependent on mangrove for their source of food and habitat.
Commensalism is shown when barnacles and oysters attach themselves to the roots of mangroves. Fishes stay in the mangroves during a particular stage of their life to grow and develop into a mature fish. Mutualism is shown when animals like crabs and mollusks help break down plant litter in a mangrove ecosystem through grazing. White heron (tagak) eating a fish shows predation in this kind of ecosystem.
[illustration: oysters attached to mangrove roots] [illustration: white heron eating a fish]
Figure 7: Oysters attached to mangrove Figure 8: White heron eating a fish
Mangrove swamp ecosystem is important for they serve as breeding and nesting grounds of animal species. The mangrove shelter is used as shelter by fishes as breeding and nursing grounds before heading to the open ocean. Mangroves are also important habitat of organisms. Numerous animal species find protection and abundant food in this environment. It also acts as natural barrier and flood defense as they defend coast lines from flooding and erosion. Lastly, mangrove is an important source of livelihood of people living in coastal areas.
What’s More
Activity 1
Directions: Identify and discuss the interaction between living and non-living things in a mangrove swamp ecosystem. Write your answers in your Science Journal.
- oyster and mangrove
- white heron and water
- crab and mud
- mangrove and bird
Activity 2
Directions: Answer the questions below. Write your answer in your Science journal.
- What are the interactions that exist among living and non-living things in mangrove ecosystem?
- Are these interactions important? Why?
What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete every statement by supplying the blank with a word or group of words from the box below. Write your answer in your Science Journal
| commensalism | mangrove swamp |
|---|---|
| habitat of organisms | predation |
| natural barrier and flood defense |
I learned that …
Ecosystem is composed mostly of mangrove plants and animals like crustaceans and migratory birds.
Mangroves are important because, they serve as breeding and nesting grounds of animal species,_____, _____, a source of livelihood of people living in coastal areas.
In this kind of ecosystem,_____ is shown when animals like crabs and mollusks help break down plant litter in a mangrove ecosystem through grazing.
_____ is shown when white heron (tagak) ate fishes.
What I Can Do
The YES-O members of Bago City, Negros Occidental participated in the conduct of mangrove planting and clean-up drive at Purok Batad, Brgy. Sampinit, Bago City.
[photo: mangrove swamp with trees and standing water]
Photo credit: Ester I. Posadas
Figure 9: Mangrove Swamp Ecosystem
[photo: pupils planting seedlings in mud]
[photo: pupils planting along a sandy shoreline]
Photo credit: Ester I. Posadas
Figure 10: YES-O Bago Tree Planting Activity at Prk. Batad, Brgy. Sampinit, Bago City
transcriber’s note: the photo credit line above the Figure 10 caption is partly cut off in the source; the visible text is transcribed. A stray “to” appears at the lower right of the page, after the Figure 10 caption.
to
During the mangrove planting, pupils were asked identify the different factors that would ensure the survival of plants and other living things in the mangrove ecosystem.
Directions: Identify the living and non-living things in the mangrove ecosystem and discuss how they interact.
| Living Things and Non-living Things | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Example: water and mangrove | Water enables the growth of mangrove, mangrove in return helps filter the pollutants from the river run-offs making the water free from harmful build-up of sediments. |
| 1. | |
| 2. | |
| 3. |
Additional Activities
Directions: Using the concept map below, identify the type of interaction that exists in mangrove swamps. Give examples of organisms involved by writing the interaction or organisms in the blank boxes. Do it in your Science journal.
[chart: concept map; Mangrove Swamp Ecosystem]
- Mangrove Swamp Ecosystem
- (blank box)
- (blank box)
- mutualism
- (blank box)
- (blank box)
- (blank box)
- predation
- (blank box)
- (blank box)
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen answer on a separate sheet.
Which group of organisms can be found in the mangrove ecosystem?
a. mussels, fish, corals
b. worm, rat, fish
c. butterfly, snake, bird
d. mangrove trees, fiddler crab, fishWhat are the things needed by plants to make their own food?
a. water, chemicals and oxygen
b. oxygen and carbon dioxide
c. oxygen and chemicals
d. carbon dioxide, soil and sunlightWhich of the following describes a canopy of the rainforest?
a. composed of trees that are 130 to 180 feet tall
b. about 59 feet and consists of trunk of canopy, shrubs, small plants and trees
c. consists mostly of fungi, insects, worms and litter from taller trees
d. has slender trees from a dense platform of vegetation with 60 to 129 feet.What kind of interaction is shown when one organism kills another organism for food?
a. mutualism
b. commensalism
c. parasitism
d. predationIt is an environment where both living and non-living things exist and interact with one another.
a. ecology
b. ecosystem
c. community
d. populationOne example of competition in tropical rainforest is when the shrubs and trees are growing together in one area. What do they compete for?
a. sunlight and soil nutrients.
b. oxygen and carbon dioxide.
c. chemicals and oxygen.
d. water and chemicals._________ results from the interconnected food chains.
a. consumer
b. producer
c. food web
d. biotic componentWhy is the relationship between the corals and the algae in the coral reefs considered mutualistic?
a. The corals benefit in the interaction and not the algae.
b. The corals receive oxygen from algae, the algae get protection from corals.
c. The corals receive oxygen from algae while the algae are harmed.
d. The corals and algae live together without harming each other.What kind of interaction is shown when animals like crabs and mollusks help break down plant litter in a mangrove ecosystem through grazing?
a. competition
b. commensalism
c. parasitism
d. mutualismWhy is producer important in an ecosystem?
a. It is the source of food to the consumers.
b. It is an organism that eats plants.
c. It breaks down organism into smaller particles.
d. It is a series of feeding relationship.
Answer Key
[transcriber’s note: this page is printed upside down. The Lesson 3 column is on the left and the Assessment column is in the middle.]
Lesson 3
What’s In
Answers may vary
What’s New
- monitor lizard
- white heron (tagak)
- fiddler crab
- oysters
- fish
What’s More
Activity 1
- Commensalism-oysters attached to the roots and branch of mangroves without harming it
- Commensalism-the heron gets its food from the water without affecting it.
- Commensalism-the crab get its food from the mud and it serve as its habitat without affecting it.
- The bird rely on the mangrove for its habitat and food, the bird aids in the pollination and the propagation of the plant.
Activity 2
Answers may vary
What I Have Learned
Mangrove swamp – habitat of organisms – natural barrier and flood – defense
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Assessment
- D
- D
- D
- D
- B
- A
- C
- B
- D
- A
References:
K to 12 Curriculum Guide in Science S6MTIIi-j-5, p.91
Padpad, Evelyn Castante. The New Science Links Worktext in Science and Technology 6. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St, Manila Philippines: Rex Book Store INC., 2017.
Abutay, Lelani R. et al. Science-Grade 4 Teacher’s Guide. 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines: Lexicon Press, INC., 2015.
Tan, Conchita T. Science for Daily Use 5. 16 Horizon St., Rim View Park, SSS Village, Marikina City: JICA Enterprises, 2012.
Remo, Dr. Felecidad N. et al. Wonders of Integrated Science and Health. K-6th Streets, East Kamias, Quezon City: St. Matthew’s Publishing, 2016.
National Geographic Kids Almanac, 2016. Scholastic Almanac for Kids, 1200 Westlake Ave. North Seattle, WA 98109 Scholastic Inc., 2014.
Reyes, Hap S. et al. Lesson Plan in Science 5. 2350 Leyte Street, San Andres, Malate, Manila: Reevee Book Supply, 2017.
Cruz, Juanita M. et al. Into the Future: Science and Health 6. 4th Floor SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand Corner, Legaspi St., Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines: Lexicon Press INC., 2010.
Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” Accessed July 1, 2020. http:// www.dkfindout.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg, DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph *blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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