This is the Grade 6 Science self-learning module for Quarter 2, Module 5: “Animals: Characteristics of Invertebrates.” It was developed by DepEd Region VI–Western Visayas (First Edition, 2020) for learners studying at home or in class. After working through it, learners can describe the eight main groups of invertebrates, classify animals into these groups, and give examples of each.
On this page 7 sections
What learners will learn
After going through this module, learners are expected to:
- Describe the distinguishing characteristics of each group of invertebrates
- Classify each group of invertebrates
- List examples of each group of invertebrates
The module’s references cite the K to 12 Curriculum Guide in Science competency printed as S66LTIIa-b-1.
What invertebrates are
The lesson builds on an earlier idea: animals can be divided into two groups, vertebrates and invertebrates. Invertebrates are animals without a backbone (vertebral column). The module calls them simple animals because their body parts and functions are simpler than those of vertebrates. Invertebrates are divided into smaller groups called phyla.
The 8 main groups of invertebrates
The heart of the module is a table of eight groups, each with examples and characteristics. Here is a summary for review.
| Group | Examples | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Arthropods | crabs, scorpions, insects, spiders, millipedes, centipedes, barnacles | Segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and a hardened outer skeleton; the largest group in the animal kingdom |
| Mollusks | snails, clams, squids, octopus | Soft-bodied animals with shells inside or outside their bodies |
| Echinoderms | sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumber | Marine animals with a spiny endoskeleton; have a water vascular system, tube feet, and radial symmetry as adults |
| Poriferans | sponges | Pore-bearing animals that attach themselves to rocks or the sea floor |
| Cnidarians | jellyfish, corals, anemones, hydra | Hollow-intestined animals with one body opening; most have two layers of cells |
| Platyhelminthes | flatworms, flukes, tapeworms | Flattened, elongated, wormlike animals |
| Nematodes | ascaris, vinegar eels, hookworms, pinworms | Elongated, unsegmented, wormlike or threadlike animals; free-living or parasites of humans, plants, and animals |
| Annelids | earthworms, leeches, lugworms | Elongated wormlike animals with visible ring-like segments that allow tissue specialization and efficient movement |
Classes of arthropods
Arthropods are further grouped by their number of legs:
- Crustaceans: five or more pairs of legs
- Insects (Class Insecta): three pairs of legs
- Arachnids (Class Arachnida): four pairs of legs
- Chilopoda (centipedes): one pair of legs per segment
- Diplopoda (millipedes): two pairs of legs per segment
A quick tip from the module’s questions: if an animal has four pairs of legs, like a spider or scorpion, it is an arachnid.
Activities in this module
- What I Know: a 10-item multiple-choice pretest.
- What’s In: five true-or-false statements reviewing vertebrates, such as whether mammals are warm-blooded.
- What’s New: a pond picture where learners list the animals they see and explain how they differ from vertebrates.
- What’s More: give two examples each of arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms, and sponges, then name the group of four pictured animals.
- What I Have Learned: a fill-in-the-blanks summary paragraph.
- What I Can Do: cross out the animal that does not belong in each set, and complete a table of groups, examples, and characteristics.
- Assessment: a 10-item multiple-choice test, ending with a question on protecting animals.
- Additional Activities: list at least five invertebrates found in your locality, their characteristics, and ways to care for and protect them.
How to use this module
- Learners: Start with the pretest, then go through each part in order. Write all answers on a separate sheet or in your Science journal, not on the module. Use the answer key honestly to check your work, and return your answers to your teacher.
- Parents and guardians: Help your child read the directions and find local invertebrates, such as snails, ants, or earthworms, for the Additional Activities. Encourage them to ask for help when stuck.
- Teachers: The answer key covers every activity and test. Check it against the lesson before using it to grade, since a few answers in the key do not match the lesson content (for example, Assessment items 1 to 3).
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this invertebrates module for?
It is for Grade 6 Science, Quarter 2, Module 5, titled Animals: Characteristics of Invertebrates.
What are the 8 main groups of invertebrates in the module?
Arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms, poriferans (sponges), cnidarians, platyhelminthes (flatworms), nematodes (roundworms), and annelids (segmented worms).
What is an invertebrate?
An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone or vertebral column. Examples include snails, butterflies, bees, clams, and jellyfish.
Which group of arthropods has four pairs of legs?
Arachnids, such as spiders and scorpions, have four pairs of legs. Insects have three pairs, and crustaceans have five or more pairs.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. It has answers for the pretest, the activities, and the assessment. Teachers should double-check a few assessment answers that do not match the lesson.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Science Quarter 2 – Module 5 Animals: Characteristics of Invertebrates
Science Quarter 2 – Module 5 Animals: Characteristics of Invertebrates
[illustration: students and a teacher at a table with a globe, a student on a tree stump, and a student reading by a lamp]
Science – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 5: Characteristics of Invertebrates First Edition, 2020
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio
Printed in the Philippines by _____
Department of Education – Region VI-Western Visayas Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000 Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653 E-mail Address: deped6@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Nancy N. Torres, Judy C. Villanueva, Jamicah B. Barcenal, Juliemar D. Lestimoso Editor: Ma. Ana C. Ebon Reviewers: Marilou D. Aribas, Ana Maria M. Espende, Eleah Joy T. Poneles Illustrators: Ronald R. Castillo, Kharlo L. Gambale Layout Artist: Roxan E. Del Castillo, Lance Robert V. Legario Graphic Artist: Gilbert Paulo C. Pagapang Management Team: Ramir B. Uytico, Pedro T. Escobarte, Allan B. Yap, Ermi V. Miranda, Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Genine, Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Lourdes V. Teodoro, Ma. Ana C. Ebon, Raymund L. Santiago
Science Quarter 2 – Module 5 Animals: Characteristics of Invertebrates
Introductory Message
This Self- Learning Module ( SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises and discussion are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide your step by step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre- test are are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lesson on each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator on your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self –check your learning. Answer key are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Note to the teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home- based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module do not hesitate to consult your facilitator.
Thank you.
The following are the parts of this module that will help you finish your tasks. Read the following descriptions below to better understand each part.
[transcriber’s note: on this page some letters are partly covered by the part icons; the words are transcribed in full as they read in context]
What I Need to Know
This part will be your guide to learn in the specific lessons specifically your skills and competencies.
What I Know
This contains a 10-item pre-test that will check what you already know.
What’s In
In this section, you will be given review questions or exercises that connect your previous lesson to the new one.
What’s New
It is in this part that the new lesson will be introduced to you in different ways: a story, a poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
What is It
This portion will give you the topic, information and concepts as a brief discussion for you to learn. You will also be given specific instructions on how to go about the lesson.
What’s More
This provides you questions and exercises to help you deepen your understanding and find practical applications of the concept.
What I Have Learned
This includes a short fill-in the blanks summary of the topic. It is in this part that helps you generalize your understanding of the concepts.
What I Can Do
This section includes an activity or exercises that will help you apply your knowledge into real-life situations.
Assessment
This is composed of a 10-item exercise for you to develop your mastery of the topic and to assess if you have attained the learning competency.
Additional Activities
This part will be the last activity for you to enhance your skill of the lesson learned. It gives you step by step instructions to follow.
Now that you know the content of this module, you are now ready to do take the following tasks of the module. Do not worry because you can always ask for assistance of your parents, guardians, siblings and teachers. You will be guided along the way. You are not alone in taking the challenge.
Remember to answer the given exercises in a separate sheet of paper. When you are done, kindly return it to your teacher to check and evaluate your level of competency.
Goodluck and God Bless!
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the lesson about animals. The scope of this module is used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module is about:
- Describing the distinguishing characteristics of each group of invertebrates
- Classifying each group of invertebrates
- Listing examples of each group of invertebrates After going through this module,
you are expected to:
- Describe the distinguishing characteristics of each group of invertebrates
- Classify each group of invertebrates
- List examples of each group of invertebrates
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet.
Which of these groups of animals is invertebrate?
a. nematodes, annelids, and platyhelminthes
b. crustaceans, amphibians, and mollusks
c. mollusks, insects, and mammals
d. reptiles, fishes, and birds
Which group of invertebrates is divided into segments with a ringed appearance?
a. Sponges
b. Echinoderms
c. Cnidarians
d. Annelids
To what subgroup of arthropods do invertebrates with four pairs of legs belong?
a. echinoderms
b. crustaceans
c. arachnids
d. nematodes
Which group of animals is invertebrate?
a. butterfly, mosquito, fly, grasshopper
b. bird, dog, chicken, cat, ant
c. fish, spider, snake, butterfly
d. all of the above
Animals like clams, jellyfish, butterfly and grasshopper are examples of _____.
a. invertebrates
b. vertebrates
c. mammals
d. amphibians
Mollusks, sponges, echinoderms, and nematodes are classified as
_____.
a. invertebrates
b. vertebrates
c. mammals
d. amphibiansWhich group of animals is invertebrate?
a. frog, mosquito, cat, grasshopper
b. bird, dog, chicken, cat, ant
c. fish, spider, snake, dog
d. earthworm, snail, bee, bugWhat do we call the animals which do not have bone structure or backbone?
a. vertebrates
b. invertebrates
c. poriferans
d. cnidariansSnail, butterfly, bee, and clam are examples of invertebrates. This means that these animals possess this distinguishing characteristic.
a. presence of backbone
b. absence of backbone
c. lack of cranium
d. presence of craniumWhat are the distinguishing characteristics of invertebrates that differ from vertebrates aside from the absence of backbone?
a. Invertebrates are mostly stronger and bigger than vertebrates.
b. Invertebrates are mostly smaller and weaker than vertebrates.
c. Invertebrates are complex compared to those vertebrates.
d. Invertebrates do not have segmented bodies.
Lesson Characteristics of Invertebrates
You have learned that animals can be divided into two groups – vertebrates and invertebrates. Both of these can be divided into smaller groups. Invertebrates can be divided into smaller groups or phyla.
In this lesson you will be able to identify the different types of invertebrates and their distinguishing characteristics.
What’s In
Directions: Identify each statement whether TRUE or FALSE. Write your answer in your Science journal.
_____ 1. Mammals are warm-blooded animals that are born alive.
_____ 2. Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates that are hatched from egg.
_____ 3. Vertebrates have no economic importance to our environment.
_____ 4. There is a significant relationship between vertebrates and invertebrates.
_____ 5. Invertebrate animals are important to human beings.
What’s New
Study the picture below. Can you list down the animals found in the picture? What are they? How do they differ from vertebrates?
[illustration: pond scene with dragonflies, insects, snails, and water plants]
What Is It
Invertebrates are animals without backbone (Vertebral Column). Invertebrates are simple animals because they don’t have backbones. Its body parts and functions are simpler compared to those of the vertebrates.
The 8 Main Groups of Invertebrates
| GROUPS OF INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS | EXAMPLES | CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Arthropods [illustration: insects, spiders, crab, and other arthropods] Figure 1: Example of Arthropods | crabs, scorpions, insects, spiders, millipedes, centipedes, barnacles | – have segmented bodies and tough skeleton with jointed appendages and hardened outer skeleton – the largest group in the animal kingdom which can be further classified based on the number of pair of legs. The following are: 1. Class Crustacean – five or more pairs of legs 2. Class Insecta – three pairs of legs 3. Class Arachnida – four pairs of legs 4. Class Chilopoda – one pair of legs per segment 5. Class Diplopoda – two pairs of legs per segment |
| 2. Mollusks [illustration: starfish-like animals and shells] Figure 2: Example of Mollusks | snails, clams, squids, octopus | -are soft-bodied animals with shells inside or outside their bodies called exoskeleton |
[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]
| GROUPS OF INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS | EXAMPLES | CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|---|---|
| 3. Echinoderms [illustration: sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumber, and brittle stars] Figure 3: Example of Echinoderms | sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumber | -marine animals with spiny endoskeleton -have a water vascular system, tube feet and radial symmetry as adults. |
| 4.Poriferans [illustration: sponges] Figure 4: Example of Porifirans | sponges | -are pore-bearing animals which attach themselves to rocks or sea floor |
| 5.Cnidarians [illustration: jellyfish] Figure 5: Example of Cnidarians | jellyfish, corals, anemones, hydra | -are hollow-intestined animals -they have one body opening and most have two-layer cells |
| 6. Platyhelminthes [illustration: flatworms] Figure 6: Example of Cnidarians | flatworms, flukes, tapeworms | -are flattened, elongated wormlike animals |
| 7. Nematodes [illustration: nematode worm] Figure 7: Example of Cnidarians | ascaris, vinegar eels, hookworms, pinworms | -are elongated, unsegmented wormlike or threadlike animals -are free living or parasites of humans, plants and animals. |
[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]
| GROUPS OF INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS | EXAMPLES | CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|---|---|
| 8. Annelids [illustration: segmented worm] Figure 8: Example of Annelids | earthworms, leeches, lugworms | -are elongated, wormlike animals with externally evident segmentation, ringed animals -they have body segments that allow for specialization of tissues and for efficient movement. |
What’s More
A. Directions: Give at least two examples of the following invertebrates. Write your answer in your Science journal.
- Arthropods _____ _____
- Mollusks _____ _____
- Echinoderms _____ _____
- Sponges _____ _____
B. To which group of invertebrates, the following animals belong:
- [illustration: jellyfish] _____
- [illustration: flatworms] _____
- [illustration: nematode worm] _____
- [illustration: segmented worm] _____
What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete the paragraph below by supplying the missing words. Write your answer in your Science journal.
I learned that ….
Invertebrates are animals without _____. Invertebrates can be classified into smaller groups. Each of which has certain characteristics. Invertebrates include porifera, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.
[transcriber’s note: blank count taken from the printed lines]
What I Can Do
Directions: Read carefully and answer correctly the exercises below. Write your answer in your Science journal.
A. Cross out the animals which do not belong to the group.
a. starfish butterfly sea cucumber b. mosquito spider ants c. jellyfish sea urchin sponge d. snail squid tape worm e. leech earthworm crab
B. Complete the table below by supplying the missing data.
| Groups | Examples | Distinguishing Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Porifera | _____ | Pore-bearing animals |
| 2. Cnidaria | hydras, jellyfish | _____ |
| 3. Platyhelminthes | _____ | Flattened, elongated wormlike animals |
| 4. _____ | earthworms, leeches | Segmented wormlike animals |
| 5. Mollusks | _____ | Soft-bodied animals with shell inside or outside their soft body |
| 6. Nematodes | _____ | _____ |
| 7. Arthropods | _____ | _____ |
| 8. Echinoderms | _____ | Spiny-skinned animals |
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your Science journal.
The largest group of invertebrates is the arthropod group. What do all arthropods have in common?
a. They live on land and have an exoskeleton.
b. They can fly and have jointed legs.
c. They have segmented bodies and jointed legs.
d. They have skeleton and segmented bodies.Why do some mollusks have shells ?
a. So they can live both on land and water
b. To make it easier to find food
c. this as a reason why mollusks have shell
d. To protect their soft bodiesAll of the following are hollow-bodied animals except _____
a. corals
b. oyster
c. jellyfish
d. sea anemonesAll invertebrates are animals that _____
a. have hard shells
b. have no backbone
c. have hollow bodies
d. live in the oceanWhich of these groups of animals belong to echinoderms?
a. bees, butterfly, mantis
b. sand dollar, starfish, sea urchins
c. earthworm, leeches, tapeworm
d. spider, ticks and scorpionTo what subgroup of arthropods do invertebrates with four pairs of legs belong?
a. echinoderms
b. crustaceans
c. arachnids
d. insectThey are characterized as marine animals with spiny endoskeleton. They have water vascular system, tube feet and radial symmetry as adult. Which group of invertebrates is being described?
a. mollusks
b. echinoderms
c. cnidarians
d. annelidsThey have no tissue, no organ, and most have no symmetry.
a. Sponges
b. Echinoderms
c. Cnidarians
d. AnnelidsWhich group of invertebrates is divided into segments with a ringed appearance?
a. Sponges
b. Echinoderms
c. Cnidarians
d. AnnelidsAnimals such as vertebrates and invertebrates have economic importance. They are sources of food, medicine and scientific investigations. How will you show that you care and protect these animals in their environment?
a. We don’t need to strictly implement wildlife regulations.
b. We must have them lived in our houses.
c. We have to establish reserve wildlife refuge areas where birds and animals may breed without being killed by man.
d. Hunting activities must be practiced.
Additional Activities
List down at least 5 examples of invertebrate animals that can be found in your locality. Write the distinguishing characteristics of each animal and ways of protecting and caring for it.
| Animal | Distinguishing Characteristics | Ways of Caring and Protecting |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||
| 2 | ||
| 3 | ||
| 4 | ||
| 5 |
Answer Key
[transcriber’s note: the answer key on this page is printed upside down; its three columns are transcribed below in reading order]
Lesson 1:
What I Know:
- A
- D
- C
- A
- A
- A
- D
- B
- B
- B
What’s In
- TRUE
- TRUE
- FALSE
- TRUE
- TRUE
What I Can Do:
A. a. butterfly b. spider c. sea urchin d. tapeworm e. crab
B.
- Sponges
- Two layer cells
- Flatworm, tape worm
- Annelids
- Snails, clamps, octopus
- Vinegarel, Ascaris
- crabs, scorpion
- sea stars, brittle stars
What’s New
Butterfly, spider, lady-bug, snail, dragonfly, worm and crab
They don’t have backbones
What’s More
A.
- arthropods-crabs, scorpion, insects, spider, millipedes, centipedes, barnacles
- Mollusks-snails, clamps, squids
- Echinoderms-sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumber
- Porifirans-sponges
B. 5. Cnidarians 6. Platyhelminthes 7. Nematodes 8. Annelids
What I Have Learned
I learned that invertebrates are animals without backbone. Invertebrates can be classified into smaller group. Each of which has certain characteristics, invertebrates include Arthropods, Mollusks, Echinoderm, Porifirans, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes and Annelids.
Assessment
- D
- A
- C
- B
- B
- C
- B
- A
- D
- C
Additional Activities
Answer may vary
References
K to 12 Curriculum Guide in Science S66LTIIa-b-1
Padpad, Evelyn Castante. The New Science Links Worktext in Science and Technology 6. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St, Manila Philippines: Rex Book Store INC., 2017.
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Abutay, Lelani R. et al. Science-Grade 4 Teacher’s Guide. 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines: Lexicon Press, INC., 2015.
Remo, Dr. Felecidad N. et al. Wonders of Integrated Science and Health. K-6th Streets, East Kamias, Quezon City: St. Matthew’s Publishing, 2016.
National Geographic Kids Almanac, 2016.
Scholastic Almanac for Kids, 1200 Westlake Ave. North Seattle, WA 98109 Scholastic Inc., 2014.
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Cruz, Juanita M. et al. Into the Future: Science and Health 6. 4th Floor SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand Corner, Legaspi St., Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines: Lexicon Press INC., 2010.
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