Music 6 Quarter 3 Module 2: Timbre, Western Orchestra and Musical Ensembles in the Community

Music

Quarter 3 – Module 2 Timbre: Western Orchestra and Musical Ensembles in the Community

6

CO_Q3_Music6_ Module2

Music – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 2: Timbre: Western Orchestra and Musical Ensembles in the Community First Edition, 2021

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Gloria E.Tiwana, Jeanie F. Balista, Louinne Grace D. Insular Editors: Ma. Fe L. Brillantes, Mary Grace V. Cinco Reviewers: Ma. Fe L. Brillantes, Percy m. Borro, Lilibeth E. Larupay Illustrators: Francis Julius P. Fama, Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Cyrell T. Navarro, Gil S. Montinola Layout Artists: Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Lilibeth E. Larupay, Louinne Grace D. Insular, Joel F. Capus Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Josilyn S. Solana
Roel F. Bermejo
Nordy D. Siason
Lilibeth T. Estoque
Azucena T. Falales
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Athea V. Landar
Jerry Oquendo
Ruben S. Libutaque
Lilibeth E. Larupay
Percy M. Borro
Ma. Fe L. Brillantes
Juan Adlai C. Caigoy

Printed in the Philippines by _____

Department of Education – Region VI-Western Visayas Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653 E-mail Address: region6@deped.gov.ph

[transcriber’s note: this page repeats the title page text of the cover (page 1) and is not transcribed again]

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

In the previous modules, you learned concepts about basic music elements like melody, rhythm, and form that help you read and write music. In this module, you will be introduced to another element of music which is Timbre.

Timbre is the color of sound produced by the voice and different instruments. It is the quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument from another.

In this module, you will get to know the different instruments of the orchestra the sound of each instrument, and to what family they belong to.

This module is divided into two lessons: Lesson 1: Western Orchestra Lesson 2: Musical ensembles in the community

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify visually and aurally the instruments of the Western orchestra
2. distinguish various musical ensembles seen and heard in the community

What I Know

Directions: Read and understand each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Woodwind instruments are played by blowing air into the mouthpiece. What is the biggest instrument among the woodwind family?

• A. oboe
• C. bassoon
• B. piccolo
• D. saxophone

2. The string family is the biggest section in the orchestra. Among the string instruments, which one is the largest and produces a very low sound?

• A. violin
• B. cello
• C. double bass
• D. viola

3. The instruments of the brasswind section are made of brass, metal, or silver alloy. The tone is produced by blowing through the mouthpiece while the fingers are pressing the valves. What is the only sliding instrument in the brass family?

• A. trumpet
• B. trombone
• C. tuba
• D. french horn

4. There are three ways of playing stringed instruments – bowing, strumming, and plucking. This instrument is played by plucking its 47 strings and using 7 pedals to change the pitch. What stringed instrument is this?

• A. viola
• C. violin
• B. harp
• D. guitar

5. This instrument, considered to be the smallest in the brass family, produces the highest pitch and the most brilliant sound. What musical instrument is this?

• A. trombone
• C. tuba
• B. trumpet
• D. french horn

6. An orchestra is a group of musicians who plays a variety of instruments. What are the different instrumental families in an orchestra?

• A. brass, wind, percussion
• B. string, percussion, brasswind
• C. brass, string, woodwind, percussion
• D. woodwind, string, percussion

7. The string family is the biggest section in the orchestra. Which is the smallest instrument that produces the highest pitch in this family?

• A. cello
• C. double bass
• B. violin
• D. viola

8. Percussion instruments are played by striking them with sticks or hammers, or by shaking or rubbing them. What do you call a pair of metal plates that are played by clashing them together?

• A. trombone
• B. oboe
• C. cymbals
• D. french horn

9. The following are brasswind instruments except for one. Which does not belong to the group?

• A. trumpet
• B. tuba
• C. saxophone
• D. trombone

10. Woodwind instruments have at least one piece of reed in the mouthpiece. Which of the following is a reedless woodwind instrument?

• A. flute
• B. piccolo
• C. bassoon
• D. clarinet

Lesson 1: The Western Orchestra

Do you like playing musical instruments? What musical instruments do you want to play? Do you want to play together with other musicians in an orchestra?

Orchestra music features unique sound quality of various musical instruments. There are basically four sections in the orchestra based on the family of musical instruments.

What’s In

Repeat marks indicate repetition of sections. You have studied and identified in the previous lesson the other symbols that indicate repetitions as used in a song.

Directions: Match the name of the symbol in column A with its symbol in column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A	B
1. 2nd ending	a. [illustration: first-ending bracket marked 1]
2. Coda	b. [illustration: Dal Segno sign]
3. Repeat mark	c. [illustration: coda sign]
4. Dal Segno	d. [illustration: repeat sign]
5. 1st ending	e. [illustration: second-ending bracket marked 2]
	f. [illustration: “fine” ending with double bar]

What’s New

The word “orchestra” is derived from the Greek name that pertains to the area in front of a stage of an ancient Greek theatre reserved for the chorus. Today, an orchestra is a large group of musicians playing different musical instruments together with a conductor who plays an important role in leading the musicians during performance. It is an instrumental ensemble composed of four instrumental family: string, woodwind, brass, and percussion.

Each section of the instrument produces its own distinct quality sound called, timbre. It is the quality of a musical sound or tone that distinguishes one musical instrument from the others.

Directions: Study the “Orchestra Song” and answer the questions below it. Click this link to help you study the song – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58-5DWZCaxc

Orchestra Song

[illustration: musical score of the “Orchestra Song,” five staves in 3/4 time, with lyrics printed below the notes]

The vi – o – lins bring – ing their love – ly sing – ing, The The cla – ri – net, the cla – ri net goes doo – dle, doo – dle, doo – dle, doo – dle, det. The The trum – pet, starts toot – ing ta-ta-ta-ta, ta – ta ta-ta ta – ta ta – ta ta-ta ta. The The horn, the horn, will wake me at morn; The The drum sound – ing two tones and al – ways the same tones, The

vi – o – lins bring – ing their love – ly song. cla – ri – net, the cla – ri – net goes doo – dle, doo – dle, doo – dle, det. trum – pet starts toot – ing, ta-ta-ta-ta, ta – ta ta-ta ta – ta ta – ta. horn, the horn, will wake me at morn. drum sound – ing two tones and al – ways the same tones.

a. What is the song all about? b. What musical instruments are mentioned in the song? c. What different sounds of musical instruments are mentioned in the song?

What Is It

There are basically four sections in the orchestra which are based on the family of musical instruments. The instruments in each family share the same characteristics. Click on the YouTube link provided to hear the sound of each instrument, how they look, and how they are played.

A. String Family

[illustration: violin, viola, cello and double bass with their bows] Violin Viola Cello Double Bass

String family is the biggest section of the orchestra. The violin, viola, cello and double bass are the most common instruments in the string family. They are made of wood and usually carved into their characteristic curvy wooden body shape, which is attached to a wooden neck piece. They all have four strings that are attached to wooden tuning pegs on the headpiece located on the top of the neck. The strings are stretched over the body and neck of the instrument.

The bodies of string instruments are hollow to allow the sound of the vibration to resonate. They produce sounds when their strings are being plucked by fingers or struck and bowed with a bow. The bow is made of wood and horse hairs. Musicians pressed down on the strings with their fingers of the left hand and draw the bow across the string with the right hand.

As with any instrument, the smaller it is, the higher the pitches it plays, and the larger the instrument is, the lower the pitches it plays. The string family includes the following instruments.

1. VIOLIN

[illustration: a person playing the violin]

It is the smallest and has the highest pitch in the string family. It is the leader and the heart of the orchestra.

2. VIOLA

[illustration: a person playing the viola]

It is a little larger in size and has slightly thicker strings than the violin’s strings. It produces a darker, thicker, and a lesser brilliant tone.

3. CELLO

[illustration: a person seated playing the cello]

It has thicker strings than the violin’s and viola’s strings. It is played with a shorter and thicker bow.The instrument rests against the knees of the musician who is seated while playing it.

4. DOUBLE BASS

[illustration: a person standing and playing the double bass]

It has the lowest pitch among the string instruments. Its strings, which are very long and thick, produce a deep sonorous tone.

5. HARP

[illustration: a person seated playing the harp]

It has 47 strings which are plucked with fingers and not bowed. It has 7 pedals to change the pitch of the strings. It consists of a triangular frame formed by a soundbox, a pillar, and a curved neck.

B. Woodwind Family

[illustration: flute, piccolo, saxophone, clarinet, bassoon and oboe] FLUTE PICCOLO SAXOPHONE CLARINET BASSOON OBOE

Instruments in this family all used to be made of wood, which give them their names. Nowadays, they are made not only of wood but also of metal, plastic or some combination. They are all tubes with an opening at one end and a mouthpiece at the other end. They each have rows of holes that are covered by metal caps called keys. They produce sound when the player blows air against a sharp edge or through a reed causing the air within its resonator to vibrate.

Musicians play these instruments by blowing air through the mouthpiece and opening or closing the holes with their fingers to change the pitch. Below are instruments of the Woodwind family.

1. PICCOLO

[illustration: a person playing the piccolo]

It is like the soprano in the woodwind family. It is like a small flute and the sound is higher than the flute.

2. FLUTE

[illustration: a person playing the flute]

It is an aerophone or reedless instrument. It produces sound from the flow of air across an opening creating rapid succession of tones. It is usually made of metal, although most flutes are made of woods.

3. CLARINET

[illustration: a person playing the clarinet]

It is a cylindrical instrument with a cup-shaped mouth piece and a flaring bell at the other end. It is a single-reed woodwind instrument. Its tone can vary from a low~~,~~ to brilliant pitches.

4. OBOE

[illustration: a person playing the oboe]

It is the most dramatic among the woodwind instruments and has a double-reed mouth piece. Its has a black which is normally made of wood.

5. BASSOON

[illustration: a person playing the bassoon]

It is called the “clown” of the orchestra because of the unusual often comic sounds it produces. It is the largest and the lowest-sounding orchestral woodwind.

6. SAXOPHONE

[illustration: a person playing the saxophone]

It has a cone-shaped body of brass with the lower end bent into a U-shaped design and usually comes in several sizes.

C. Brass Family

[illustration: french horn, trombone, tuba and trumpet] FRENCH HORN TROMBONE TUBA TRUMPET

The brass instruments are made of metal. They are important in producing the loud, exciting parts of the orchestra. The instruments are also blown to create sounds by buzzing the player’s lip against the mouthpiece.

The brass instruments are lip-vibrated instruments. They produce sound from the vibration created by the musicians pressing their lips up against the mouthpiece while blowing. The vibration between the lips and the mouthpiece causes the air to vibrate down the long brass tube.

Those tubes help the instruments to make different sounds. The buttons on the instruments are called valves. By pressing the valves, the player adds in additional length to the tube. Here are some examples of brass instruments.

1. TRUMPET

[illustration: a person playing the trumpet]

It is the smallest main instrument of the brass family that produces the highest and brilliant sound. It is the leader and soprano of the brass family.

2. TUBA

[illustration: a person playing the tuba]

It is the bass member of the brass family. It is the largest among the brass family with a mouthpiece and a big bell-shaped opening to a tube that is wrapped around in an oval.

3. FRENCH HORN

[illustration: a person playing the french horn]

It is the alto member of the brass family. It is 12-feet long and sounds mellow than the trumpet. It has a valve that is bent into a circle called rotary valves.

4. TROMBONE

[illustration: a person playing the trombone]

It is the tenor member of the brass family. It is the only sliding instrument in the brass that uses a slide rather than keys valves or strings.

D. Percussion Family

[illustration: xylophone, glockenspiel, cymbals, timpani, snare drum, triangle and bass drum] XYLOPHONE GLOCKENSPIE CYMBALS TIMPANI SNARE DRUM TRIANGLE BASS DRUM

Percussion instruments refer to musical instruments that produce sound by striking them with sticks or hammers, while others are through rubbing or shaking them against another similar instrument. The materials used to make percussions include metal, wood or plastic and they come in different sizes and shapes.

They are used in accenting the rhythm and heightening the climax in the orchestra. Percussion instruments are divided into two classes: pitched and unpitched.

Pitched Percussion instruments produce notes with an identifiable or definite pitch. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=We8aTONJlHo)

1. TIMPANI

[illustration: a person playing the timpani]

It is the loudest of all the orchestra instruments and requires tremendous precision of the timpanist. It can be played as both a rhythmic and melodic instrument.

2. XYLOPHONE

[illustration: a person playing the xylophone]

It consists of wooden bars struck by plastic, wooden or rubber mallets. Each bar is tuned to a specific pitch of the musical scale. It produces wooden, bright rattling~~,~~ shrill, hollow tinkling and clear sounds.

3. GLOCKENSPIEL

[illustration: a person playing the glockenspiel]

It is arranged like the xylophone but with a steel bell instead of wood. It is smaller in size than xylophone, and creates musical sounds that are higher in pitch.

Unpitched Percussion produces notes with unidentifiable or indefinite pitch. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tis9aFSdVG8

1. SNARE DRUM

[illustration: a person playing the snare drum]

It is played with a drum stick. It is used for rolls in a classical setting or for adding accent to music

2. BASS DRUM

[illustration: a person playing the bass drum]

It is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch. It is used to keep a pulse in music.

3. CYMBALS

[illustration: a person holding a pair of cymbals]

They are used in pairs and consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys. They produce sharp, clashing or crashing sounds.

4. TRIANGLE

[illustration: a person playing the triangle]

It has a triangular shape. It is played by striking with a stick.

What’s More

Activity 1

Directions: Identify the instruments of the Western Orchestra. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. [illustration: pair of cymbals] _________________________
2. [illustration: tuba] _________________________
3. [illustration: person playing a cello] _________________________
4. [illustration: trumpet] _________________________
5. [illustration: xylophone with two mallets] _________________________

Activity 2

Directions: Listen carefully to the sounds of the musical instruments. Identify the instrument being played. Refer to the Youtube link for this activity. (https://youtu.be/4hF_TQueolE) Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

What I Have Learned

• The instrumental sections of the Western Orchestra can be identified visually and aurally.
• String is the biggest section of the orchestra. Instruments in this section are played either by bowing, plucking or strumming.
• The four most common instruments in the string family are violin, viola, cello and double bass.
• Woodwind instruments are all tubes with an opening at one end and a mouthpiece at the other end. They each have rows of holes that are covered by metal caps.
• Woodwind family includes piccolo, flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone.
• The brass instruments are lip-vibrated instruments.
• Brass family includes trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba.
• Percussion instruments refer to musical instruments sounded by striking with sticks, hammers or mallets; while others are through rubbing or shaking against another similar instruments.
• There are two kinds of percussions: pitched and unpitched.

What I Can Do

Directions: Read the sentence carefully. On a separate sheet of paper, write True if the sentence is correct and False if it is wrong.

1. Glockenspiel is smaller than xylophone, and with a steel bell instead of wood.
2. Unpitched percussion instruments produce notes with unidentifiable or indefinite pitch.
3. The only instrument in the brasswind family that uses a slide rather than keys, valves, or strings is called tuba.
4. Oboe is the most dramatic among the woodwind instruments and has a double-reed mouthpiece.
5. Double bass is the smallest and has the highest pitch in the string family. family.

Assessment

Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. There are three ways of playing string instruments. It is played by either bowing, strumming or plucking. This instrument is played by plucking its 47 strings and using 7 pedals to change the pitch. What is this?
   A. viola B. harp C. violin D. guitar
2. It is the smallest instrument of the brasswind family that produces the highest pitch and the most brilliant sound. What instrument is being referred to?
   A. trombone B. trumpet C. tuba D. french horn
3. An orchestra is a group of musicians playing a symphony with different instruments. What are the group or families of instruments that compose an orchestra?
   A. brass, wind, percussion C. brasswind, string, woodwind, percussion
   B. string, percussion, brasswind D. woodwind, string, percussion
4. The string family is the biggest section in the orchestra. What is its smallest instrument that has the highest pitch in the family?
   A. cello B. violin C. double bass D. viola
5. Woodwind instruments are played by blowing air into the mouthpiece. What is the biggest instrument among the woodwind family?
   A. oboe B. piccolo C. bassoon D. saxophone
6. The string family is the biggest section in an orchestra. What is the largest string instrument that produces a very low sound?
   A. violin B. cello C. double bass D. viola
7. The brasswind section is made of brass metal or silver alloy whose tone is produced by blowing through its mouthpiece while fingers are pressing the valves. What is the only instrument in the brass family that uses slide?
   A. trumpet B. trombone C. tuba D. french horn
8. Woodwind instruments have at least one piece of reed in the mouthpiece. Which of the following is a reedless woodwind instrument?
   A. flute B. piccolo C. bassoon D. clarinet
9. The following are brasswind instruments except for one. Which does not belong to the group?
   A. trumpet B. tuba C. saxophone D. trombone
10. Percussion instruments are played by striking them with sticks or hammers or by shaking or rubbing them together. What do you call a pair of plate-like metallic musical instrument played by clashing together?
    A. trombone B. oboe C. cymbals D. french horn

Additional Activities

Directions: Draw your favorite Western orchestra instrument inside the box.

[transcriber’s note: empty box for the learner’s drawing]

What I Know

Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet.

1. It is a musical group of people performing a specific musical composition together. What group is it referring to?
   A. orchestra C. choir
   B. musical ensemble D. performers

   
   

2. It is a unique group that creates a harmony of sounds through different notes using angklung, a bamboo instrument that consists of two or more bamboo tubes tuned in octaves. What is the group’s name?
   A. Rondalla C. Angklung Ensemble
   B. Gangsa Ensemble D. Choir

   
   

3. It is an ensemble of stringed instruments that are played with a plectrum or pick including the banduria, laud, guitar, octavina, bass and sometimes accompanied by drums. What is this group called?
   A. Rondalla C. Angklung Ensemble
   B. Choir D. Kulintang Ensemble

   
   

4. This group is a gong-based ensemble used by the Maguindanao and Maranao people of the Western Mindanao, like Yakan, Tausug and Sama-Bajao of Sulu Archipelago. What is the name of this group?
   A. Kulintang Ensemble C. Bamboo Musical Ensemble
   B. Angklung Ensemble D. Gangsa Ensemble

   
   

5. It is a marching ensemble consists of percussion instruments such as snare drum, tenor drum, cymbals, lyre, glockenspiel, bell lyre, bass, and color guard sections. What is this group called?
   A. Drum and Bugle Corps C. Drum and Lyre Corps
   B. Kulintang Musical Ensemble D. Bamboo Musical Ensemble

   
   

6. This is a musical ensemble of singers that performs music repertoire from medieval to the present. What is the name of this ensemble?
   A. Kulintang Ensemble C. Bamboo Musical Ensemble
   B. Gangsa Ensemble D. Choir

   
   

7. The following are gong-based instruments except for one. Which does not belong to the group?
   A. Gangsa B. Kulintang C. Angklung D. Agung

   
   

8. Maasin Tultugan Ensemble and PUP Banda Kawayan are examples of what musical ensemble?
   A. Angklung Ensemble C. Kulintang Musical Ensemble
   B. Bamboo Musical Ensemble D. Rondalla

   
   

9. It is a musical marching unit consisting of brass instruments, percussion instruments (snare drum, tenor drum, bass drum, glockenspiel) and color guard.
   A. Drum and Lyre Corps C. Angklung Ensemble
   B. Rondalla D. Drum and Bugle Corps

   
   

10. All the ensembles below use percussion instruments made of bamboo, metal, animal skin or plastic, except for one. Which does not belong to the group?
    A. Rondalla C. Gangsa
    B. Kulintang D. Drum and Lyre

    
    

Lesson 2 – Musical Ensembles in the Community

Music is life itself. It has its own identity that should be reached by all. It is alive and can be felt. Man is so creative that he was able to develop different musical instruments that can be used by different musical groups called musical ensembles.

What’s In

An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble consists of four families of instruments: string, woodwind, brasswind, and percussion. Let’s find out how much you have learned from this lesson.

Directions: Read the sentences carefully. Identify the orchestra instrument being described. Write your correct answer on a separate sheet of paper

1. It is arranged like the xylophone but with a steel bell instead of wood.
2. It is the most dramatic among the woodwind instruments.
3. It is the largest instrument among the brass family.
4. It is a little larger in size and has slightly thicker strings than the violin’s strings.
5. It is the alto member of the brass family.

What’s New

A musical ensemble a group of musicians that perform instrumental or vocal music. There are various kinds of ensembles that are differentiated based on the type of music they perform, the type of instruments they use in their performances, and the number of musicians performing together.

There are different musical ensembles found here in our country. Click on the YouTube links to hear the sound of the instruments and how they are played.

1. Gangsa Ensemble (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrClsl-TXeY)

Gangsa is a flat, rounded metal instrument made of either brass, iron, alloy of brass or bronze. It is called gangsa in Benguet and Kalinga in the Mountain Province, gangha to the Ifugaos, and gansa to the Tingguians in Abra. It is ever present during important festival or rituals.

The gangsa is a flat gong ensemble consisting of 5-6 flat groups played in festive occasions such as a peace pact called Budong. It is played in different ways. In toppaya style, the Kalingas play the flat gong with their hand on a sitting position. In Gangsa pattung, the gangsa is played with padded sticks with players standing and slightly bending forward in step with the dancers.

[illustration: people seated playing flat gongs with their hands] Toppaya style

[illustration: people standing playing gongs with padded sticks] Pattung Style

2. Bamboo Musical Ensemble

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8aBn5fmMXM)

Traditional Philippine banda kawayan (bamboo band) uses a variety of bamboo musical instruments, including the marimba, angklung, panpipes and bumbong, as well as bamboo versions of western instruments, such as clarinets, saxophones, and tubas.

a. PUP Banda Kawayan of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Laboratory School uses instruments made from bamboo and other indigenous materials such as marimba, angklung, bumbong, pan pipe, kiskis, kalatok and kalagong.

[illustration: group of musicians playing bamboo instruments, with a sign reading “Banda Kawayan”]

b. Maasin Tultugan Ensemble of Maasin, Iloilo uses tultugan, an instrument equivalent to drums, gabbang, angklung, paspas, rain stick, tala-tala and bamboo flutes.

[illustration: musicians playing tultugan drums and bamboo instruments] Maasin Tultugan Ensemble

[illustration: music ensemble of students seated with bamboo instruments and a conductor] Biñan Kawayan Music Ensemble

3. Angklung Ensemble (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sLPB26LJXU)

Angklung ensemble is unique as the group creates a harmony of sounds through different notes. Performers use angklung, a bamboo instrument originated from Indonesia. It consists of two or more bamboo tubes tuned in octaves. The base of the frame is held in one hand, while the other hand shakes the instrument to produce a sound. Each performer in an angklung ensemble is typically responsible for one pitch. For a richer sound, each instrument should be played with others to form an ensemble. Performers develop character and enjoy the process of playing through music appreciation, coordination and teamwork.

a. Sta. Barbara Central Elementary School of Sta. Barbara, Iloilo Angklung Ensemble uses angklung, gabbang, rain maker, beat box, and tultog or bamboo drums.

[illustration: students and a teacher standing with angklung and bamboo drums]

b. Malabon Musikawayan

Malabon Musikawayan is originally known as the Malabon Musikang Bumbong, a marching band that uses woodwind instruments made from bamboo. Felix Ramos was the founder and inventor of the band in 1896 where the first players are katipuneros. Later, it was named as Musikawayan under the leadership of P/Lt Col Gilbert Ramos, the 4th generation descendant of the founder.

[illustration: group of ten people holding bamboo woodwind instruments]

4. Rondalla (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGSO7fw5Le0)

Rondalla is an ensemble of stringed instruments that are played with a plectrum or pick including the banduria, laud, guitar, octavina, bass and sometimes accompanied by drums. They originated in Spain but became most popular in Philippine folk music after their introduction to the islands during the 19th century. They represent a fascinating aspect of Filipino musical tradition. It is also called the Filipino String Band.

[illustration: seated and standing musicians with banduria, guitars, and a bass instrument]

Kabataang Silay Rondalla Ensemble, Silay City,Negros Occidental

5. Kulintang Musical Ensemble
   (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLTe00gbGLw)

A gong-based ensemble used by the Maguindanao and Maranao people of the Western Mindanao like Yakan, Tausug and Sama-Bajao of Sulu Archiepelago. They have different functions but are mostly performed for celebrations and rituals.

• Palabunibuyan (basalen) Kulintang Ensemble is made up of five instruments. The kulintang instrument consists of a row of small brass or bronze gongs horizontally laid upon a wooden rack. It is the main melody instrument and is played by striking the bosses of the gongs with two wooden beaters. Accompanying instruments include the gandang, the two-headed cylindrical drum, as well as the duahan agong pair consisting of the bua (a giant-sized gong) and pulakan (a narrow-shaped knobbed gong).

[illustration: musicians playing a row of gongs on a wooden rack with a drum and a large gong]

• The Maranao Kulintang Ensemble of Southern Philippines consists of Kulintang, a set of eight small gongs of bronze on a wooden stand in the shape of a Sarimanok (mythical bird,divine messenger), Agung (1or 2) large gongs with wide rims, Dabakan/Dadabuan a conical drum, and Babandi (babendil or babandir) a narrow-rimmed gong with shallow boss.

[illustration: Maranao kulintang set on a carved stand, two hanging agung gongs, a conical dabakan drum, and a babandi gong]

6. Drum and Lyre Corps
   (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54qgy7Je6Z8)

Drum and Lyre Corps is a marching ensemble consists of percussion instruments such as snare drum, tenor drum, cymbals, lyre, glockenspiel, bell lyre, bass and color guard sections. It is an economical alternative to regular brass bands or a Drum and Bugle Corps.

• Tambor, Trumpa, Martsa, Musika of Iloilo is a parade and competition among drum and lyre ensembles from different elementary schools within the city and the province of Iloilo.

[illustration: marching drummers and color guard performers in a parade]

7. Drum and Bugle Corps
   (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_8rJ_Y7QIc)

A musical marching unit consisting of brass instruments (trumpet, trombone, French horn, and tuba), percussion instruments (snare drum, tenor drum, bass drum, glockenspiel), and the color guard.

[illustration: marching band in uniform playing trumpets, horns, a tuba, and drums]

Philippine Marines Drum and Bugle Corps

8. Choir (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxgvyFCf_d8)

As a musical ensemble of singers, choirs may perform music from classic, medieval to the present music repertoire. Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances conducting gestures

a. The angelic voices of Loboc Children’s Choir of Bohol have won numerous competitions both domestic and international.

b. The Philippine Madrigal Singers is one of the major choral groups based in the University of the Philippines. It is the first choir in the world to win the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing twice.

[illustration: rows of standing choir singers]

[illustration: group of singers seated in rows under the printed text “THE PHILIPPINE MADRIGAL SINGERS”]

Loboc Children’s Choir The Phil. Madrigal Singers

What is It

You have already learned about the musical ensembles found in our country. Let’s find out if you can distinguish the ensemble being described in the following questions below.

1. What do you call a music group or musical group of people performing a specific musical composition together?

   
   

2. What musical ensemble uses instruments made from bamboo and other indigenous materials?

   
   

3. What indigenous materials does PUP Banda Kawayan use?

   
   

4. What musical ensemble in Iloilo uses tultugan, an instrument equivalent to drums, gabbang, angklung, paspas, rainstick, tala-tala, and bamboo flute?

   
   

5. What do you call a musical ensemble with performers playing angklung, a bamboo instrument which consists of two or more bamboo tubes tuned in octaves?

   
   

6. What do you call a group of musicians which uses stringed instruments that are played with a plectrum or pick including the banduria, laud, guitar, octavina, bass and sometimes accompanied by drums?

   
   

7. What is the gong-based musical ensemble used by the Maguindanao and Maranao of the Western Mindanao mostly performed during celebrations and rituals?

   
   

8. What is the musical marching unit consisting of brass instruments, percussion instruments and color guard?

   
   

9. What do you call the marching ensemble consists of percussion instruments such as snare drum, tenor drum, cymbals, lyre, glockenspiel, bell lyre, bass and color guard sections.

   
   

10. What do you call a musical ensemble of singers?

    
    

What’s More

Activity 1

Directions: Write T if the description of the ensemble is correct, and F if the description is wrong.

1. The Rondalla is also known as the Filipino String Band.
2. The Drum and Bugle Corps is composed of string and percussion instruments.
3. Choirs are musical ensembles of singers.
4. The Kulintangan Ensemble is a gong-based ensemble used by the Maguindanao and Maranao of Western Mindanao.
5. Drum and Lyre Corps is a musical marching unit consisting of brass instruments (trumpet, trombone, French horn, and tuba), percussion instruments (snare drum, tenor drum, bass drum, glockenspiel), and the color guard.

Activity 2

Directions: Match the picture of the ensemble in column A with the name of the group in column B.

A	B
1. [illustration: three people holding drum-like instruments]	a. Rondalla b. Kulintang Ensemble c. Drum and Lyre Corps d. Drum and Bugle Corps e. Gangsa Ensemble f. Anklung Ensemble g. Choir h. Bamboo Music Ensemble
2. [illustration: seated and standing musicians with stringed instruments]
3. [illustration: musicians playing bamboo and gong-type instruments]
4. [illustration: marching brass and percussion band]
5. [illustration: rows of standing choir singers]

Activity 3

Directions: Identify the place where the musical ensembles are from. Choose your answer from the places written inside the box.

Bohol Iloilo Negros Occidental Manila Malabon Western Mindanao Ifugao Laguna

1. Loboc Chidren’s Choir
2. Philippine Marines Drum and Bugle Corps
3. Maranao Kulintang Ensemble
4. Musikawayan
5. Maasin Tultugan Ensemble

What I Have Learned

• A Musical Ensemble is a musical group of people performing a specific musical composition, instrumental, or vocal music together.
• Different musical ensembles are found in the Philippines. They are Gangsa Ensemble, Kulintang Ensemble, Bamboo Musical Ensemble, Anklung Ensemble, Rondalla, Drum and Lyre Corps, Drum and Bugle Corps, and the Choir.
• Gangsa Ensemble is a flat gong ensemble consisting of 5-6 flat groups.
• Bamboo Music Ensemble uses a variety of bamboo musical instruments.
• Angklung Ensemble is a group that uses a bamboo instruments that originated from Indonesia.
  [transcriber’s note: the article “a” before “bamboo instruments” appears struck through in the original]
• Rondalla is an ensemble of stringed instruments.
• Drum and Lyre Corps is a marching ensemble consists of percussion instruments of different kinds of drums and lyre or glockenspiel.
• Drum and Bugle Corps is a musical marching unit consisting of brass instruments and different kinds of drums.
• Choir is a musical ensemble of singers.

What I Can Do

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, complete the chart below:

Name of Ensemble	Instrument (s) Used

Assessment

Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet.

1. Except for one, all the ensembles below use percussion instruments made of bamboo, metal, animal skin or plastic. Which does not belong to the group?

   • A. Rondalla
   • B. Kulintang
   • C. Gangsa
   • D. Drum and Lyre

2. It is a musical group of people performing vocal or instrumental music. What group is it referring to?

   • A. orchestra
   • B. musical ensemble
   • C. choir
   • D. performers

3. Maasin Tultugan Ensemble and PUP Banda Kawayan are examples of what musical ensemble?

   • A. Angklung Ensemble
   • B. Bamboo Musical Ensemble
   • C. Kulintang Musical Ensemble
   • D. Rondalla

4. It is an ensemble of plectrum instruments including the banduria, laud, guitar, octavina, bass and sometimes accompanied by drums. What is this group called?

   • A. Rondalla
   • B. Choir
   • C. Angklung Ensemble
   • D. Kulintang Ensemble

5. It is a musical marching unit consisting of brass instruments, percussion instruments (snare drum, tenor drum, bass drum, glockenspiel) and the color guard.

   • A. Drum and Lyre Corps
   • B. Rondalla
   • C. Angklung Ensemble
   • D. Drum and Bugle Corps

6. It is a unique group that creates a harmony of sounds through different notes using angklung, a bamboo instrument that consists of two or more bamboo tubes tuned in octaves. What is its name?

   • A. Rondalla
   • B. Gangsa Ensemble
   • C. Angklung Ensemble
   • D. Choir

7. The following are gong-based instruments except for one. Which does not belong to the group?

   • A. Gangsa
   • B. Kulintang
   • C. Angklung
   • D. Agung

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