Music 6 Quarter 3 Module 3: Dynamics

Music Quarter 3 – Module 3: Dynamics

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[illustration: learners studying at home and outdoors, with a teacher and a globe]

Music – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3– Module 3: Dynamics First Edition, 2020

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Department of Education – Region VI

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Development Team of the Module

Authors: Gloria E. Tiwana, Jeanie Balista Editors: Mary Grace V. Cinco, Ma. Fe L. Brillantes, Lilibeth E. Larupay Reviewers: Ma. Fe L. Brillantes, Lilibeth E. Larupay, Percy M. Borro Illustrators: Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Francis Julius P. Fama, Cyrell T. Navarro, Gil S. Montinola Layout Artists: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Armand Glenn S. Lapor Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma, Josilyn S. Solana, Roel F. Bermejo, Nordy D. Siason, Lilibeth T. Estoque, Azucena T. Falales, Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Genine, Athea V. Landar, Jerry A. Oquendo, Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay, Percy M. Borro, Ma. Fe L. Brillantes, Juan Adlai C. Caigoy

Music Quarter 3 – Module 3: Dynamics

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

In the last module, you introduced to the different musical instruments and their importance to music. This time, you will learn about the different dynamic markings. It will allow you to sing songs with varied dynamic levels.

The module has three lessons with titles:

• Lesson 1: Dynamic Markings
• Lesson 2: Singing Songs with Soft Level Dynamics
• Lesson 3: Singing Songs with Varied Dynamics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify different dynamic markings;
2. sing songs with soft level dynamics;
3. use varied dynamics in a song performance.

• piano (p)
• mezzo piano (mp)
• pianissimo (pp)
• forte (f)
• mezzo forte (mf)
• fortissimo (ff)
• crescendo [illustration: crescendo hairpin symbol, opening to the right]
• decrescendo [illustration: decrescendo hairpin symbol, opening to the left]

What I Know

Directions: Read the items carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. In the song “Magtanim ay Masaya”, the musical phrase lahat ay masaya, should be sung gradually from soft to loud. Which symbol is found above the musical phrase?
   a. [illustration: crescendo hairpin symbol]
   b. mp
   c. ff
   d. p

   
   

2. There are some parts of a song that need to be sung gradually becoming loud. Which dynamics is used?
   a. decrescendo
   b. forte
   c. crescendo
   d. piano

   
   

3. It is a dynamic mark in which the part of the song in line with the symbol will be sung in a very loud manner. Which symbol is being referred to?
   a. p
   b. f
   c. ff
   d. pp

   
   

4. Dynamics refers to the softness and loudness of a sound in music. Which of the following is an example of dynamics?
   a. [illustration: musical symbol; transcriber’s note: symbol not reliably identified]
   b. #
   c. [illustration: natural sign]
   d. mp

   
   

5. It is a dynamic mark in which the part of a song in line with the symbol will be sung in a very soft manner. Which is the symbol being referred to?
   a. p
   b. f
   c. ff
   d. pp

   
   

6. It is a dynamic marking that means singing gradually from loud to soft.
   a. fortississimo
   b. decrescendo
   c. crescendo
   d. piano

   
   

7. In the song “Ako ay Pilipino”, the part taas noo kahit kanino should be sung in a very loud manner. Which dynamic marking means very loud?
   a. mp
   b. f
   c. ff
   d. p

   
   

8. The song “Tulog Na” is to be sung softly. Which musical symbol should be used?
   a. mf
   b. [illustration: decrescendo hairpin symbol]
   c. p
   d. ff

   
   

9. Italian words and symbols are used to indicate dynamics. What is the Italian word for pp?
   a. piano
   b. forte
   c. fortissimo
   d. pianissimo

   
   

10. The musical phrase of a song you are singing has a dynamic mark ff. How will you interpret that particular musical phrase?
    a. Sing the song softly.
    b. Sing the song very loud.
    c. Sing the song gradually from soft to loud.
    d. Sing the song from loud to soft.

    
    

Lesson 1: Dynamic Markings

Have you heard a mother singing a lullaby to her sleeping baby? How does she sing it? Is the music loud or soft? What if a band marching around a town fiesta plays the music differently in a very soft manner? Do they defeat the purpose for playing the music? Let’s find out, how!

Music has to follow certain levels of extremes when it comes to volume. This is called dynamics. You are going to learn more about this expressive element of music as you go through this lesson.

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned about the different musical ensembles found in your community. This activity will test how much you have learned from that lesson. Let us find out.

Directions: True or False: Write T if the description of the ensemble is correct and F if the description is wrong.

1. The Kulintangan Ensemble is a gong-based ensemble used by the Maguindanao and Maranao of Western Mindanao.
2. The Rondalla is also known as the Filipino String Band.
3. Choirs are musical ensembles of singers.
4. Loboc Children’s Choir from Bohol is an example of Kulintang Ensemble.
5. Performers of Angklung Ensemble use bamboo which consists of two or more bamboo tubes tuned in octaves.

What’s New

A pleasant day to you learner!

What can you say to the volume of sound you hear when you are inside the church? How about in the public market? How do you compare the them?

In music, we use the word dynamics to describe the volume of music. It is an element of music which refers to the degree of loudness and softness of sound. It is one of the expressive elements that adds more beauty in a composition.

Study the musical score of the song “Ako ay Pilipino”.

Ako ay Pilipino

[illustration: musical score of “Ako ay Pilipino” in 3/4 time, with dynamic markings pp, p, mf, p, mp, mf, p, f, ff and crescendo and decrescendo hairpins; lyrics as printed below]

A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, ang du-go’y ma-har – li – ka, li – kas sa a-king

pu – so, ad – hi – ka-ing kay gan – da. Sa Pi – li – pi – nas na a-king ba-yan lan-tay na Per-las ng Si-la

nga-nan wa-ri’y na – ti-pon ang ka-ya-ma-nan ng May-ka-pal. Bi – gay sa ‘king ta

li – no sa ma – bu-ti lang la – an, Sa a – ki’y ka-tu – tu-bo ang ma-ging ma-pag – ma

hal. A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, I – sang ban – sa,’sang

di – wa ang mi – ni – mit-hi ko. Sa ba – yan ko’t ban – di – la, la – an bu-hay ko’t

di-wa, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, Pi – li – pi nong to – to – o, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, A-

ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, ta-as no – o ka-hit ka – ni – no, Ang Pi-li – pi-no ay a – ko.

Aside from notes and rests, what do you call the other musical symbols found on the musical score? Can you name one symbol? How is it used?

Yes, these musical symbols are called dynamic markings. They are commonly observed in musical pieces. Dynamics is the volume in music. They indicate how loud or soft the music should be sung or played. It can also be gradual or sudden change of volume. In printed and digital music, dynamics are written in Italian. For instrumental parts, dynamic markings are placed under (or nearby) a note or beneath a musical staff. For vocal parts, the dynamic markings are placed above (or nearby) a note or on top of the musical staff. Moreover, composers use dynamics to change the mood of the music. It is very important to know and to apply the different dynamic markings and also the different musical signs and symbols in a composition for you to be able to play or sing more accurately.

What is It

[illustration: question mark in a magnifying glass icon]

One of the best ways of applying dynamics in a song is to be familiar with the different dynamic markings and to understand each meaning.

The chart below indicates the different Italian terms for dynamic levels and it’s corresponding meaning and symbols.

Italian Term	Meaning	Dynamic Marks
pianissisimo	as soft as possible	ppp
pianissimo	very soft	pp
piano	Soft	p
mezzo piano	moderately soft	mp
mezzo forte	moderately loud	mf
forte	Loud	f
fortissimo	very loud	ff
fortissisimo	as loud as possible	fff
crescendo	gradually becoming loud	[illustration: crescendo hairpin, opening to the right]
decrescendo	gradually becoming soft	[illustration: decrescendo hairpin, opening to the left]

What’s More

Great! Now that you have identified the different dynamic markings, let us get started with our activities. Are you ready?

The main dynamic levels are p or piano, which means soft and f or forte, which means loud. More subtle degrees of loudness or softness are indicated by mp for mezzo piano, which means moderately soft and mf for mezzo forte which means moderately loud. Aside from f and p, there are also pp which stands for pianissimo, meaning very soft while ff stands for fortissimo, meaning very loud.

To gradually change the dynamics, musicians use crescendo to increase in volume or gradually becoming loud and decrescendo to decrease in volume or gradually becoming soft.

Activity 1: Directions: Study the musical score below. Then, identify the dynamic markings used in the score and give the meaning of each.

[illustration: musical score titled “Tulog Na,” by Dolores T. Andres, in 2/4 time, with dynamic markings above the staff: pp, p, pp, p, mp in the first line and p, mp, p in the second line]

Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Tu-log na, Tu – log na, O, a – king bun – so, Tu – log na, tu – log na, di – to na si Na – nay.

1. 
   
2. 
   
3. 
   

Activity 2: Directions: Study the musical score and answer the questions below.

[illustration: musical score titled “Magtanim ay Masaya,” Marinduque Folk Song, in 3/4 time, with dynamic markings mp, f, mp, f, mp, f, crescendo and decrescendo hairpins, and chord symbols G, Am, D, C, G, D, G printed above the staff]

Mag-ta-nim ay ma-sa – ya, la-hat ay ma-li-ga – ya, ka-ta-wa’y ma si-sig – la, hi- rap di a-lin-ta – na, Ma-sa – ya ang mag-ta-nim, ma-ra-ming a – a – ni- hin, ha – li – na sa bu-ki – rin, at a – ting pag-ya-ma – nin.

a. What dynamic marking means gradually becoming loud? What words in the musical score have this symbol?

b. What dynamic marking means gradually becoming soft? What words in the musical score have this symbol?

c. What dynamic marking means loud? Which measure/s in the musical score has/have this symbol?

d. What dynamic marking means moderately soft? Which measure/s in the musical score has/have this symbol?

Activity 3 Directions: Read and study the song below. Think of dynamic markings that are suitable for the song. Place the dynamic markings above the staff to indicate the different dynamic levels.

[illustration: musical score titled “Dandansoy,” in 3/4 time, with two verses of lyrics and first and second endings marked 1. and 2.]

Dan-dan soy ba – ya – an ta i – kaw, Pa – u – li a – ko sa pa- Dan-dan – soy kung i – mo a-pa – son Bi – san tu – big di mag-ba- yaw, U – ga – ling kung i – kaw hid-la – won, Sa pa – yaw i – mo lang lan-ta- lon U – ga – ling kung i – kaw u – ha – won Sa da – lan mag bu – bon-bu won Dan – dan bon.

To the Learning Facilitator: Evaluate the child’s performance by checking the appropriate number.

Criteria	Very Good 4	Good 3	Satisfactory 2	Fair 1
Uses appropriate dynamic markings based on a given musical score
Places dynamic markings appropriate to the dynamic levels
Use varied dynamic markings on the given musical score
Total Score

What I Have Learned

• Dynamics refer to the degree of loudness and softness of sound.
• A musical score or song has different dynamic levels.
• Different Italian terms and symbols are used to describe the dynamics of the music.
• The dynamic markings ppp, pp, p, and mp comprise the soft dynamics level.
• The dynamic markings fff, ff, f and mf comprise the loud dynamics level.
• The dynamic mark crescendo ( [illustration: crescendo hairpin] ) means gradually getting loud.
• The dynamic mark decrescendo ( [illustration: decrescendo hairpin] ) means gradually getting soft.

What I Can Do

Directions: Give the meaning of the following Italian terms. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Italian Terms Meaning

1. piano _______________________________________________
2. forte _______________________________________________
3. crescendo _______________________________________________
4. pianissimo _______________________________________________
5. mezzo forte _______________________________________________

Assessment

Directions: Read the items carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. In the song “Ako ay Pilipino”, the part taas noo kahit kanino should be sung in a very loud manner. Which dynamic mark means very loud?
   A. mp B. f C. ff D. p

   
   

2. The song “Tulog Na” is to be sung softly. Which musical symbol is used in the musical phrase?
   A. mf B. [illustration: symbol not visible in the printed choice] C. p D. ff

   
   

3. Italian words and symbols are used to indicate dynamics. What is the Italian word for pp?
   A. piano B. forte C. fortissimo D. pianissimo

   
   

4. In the song, “Magtanim ay Masaya”, the musical phrase lahat ay masaya, should be sung in gradually becoming soft to loud. Which symbol is found above the musical phrase?
   A. [illustration: crescendo hairpin] B. mp C. ff D. p

   
   

5. The musical phrase of a song you are singing has a dynamic mark ff. How will you interpret the particular musical phrase?
   A. Sing the song softly.
   B. Sing the song very loud.
   C. Sing the song gradually from soft to loud.
   D. Sing the song from loud to soft.

   
   

6. There are some parts of a song that need to be sung in gradually becoming loud. What dynamic mark is used?
   A. decrescendo B. forte C. crescendo D. piano

   
   

7. It is a dynamic marking in which the part of the song in line with the symbol will be sung in a very loud manner. What symbol is being referred to?
   A. p B. f C. ff D. pp

   
   

8. Dynamics refers to the softness and loudness of a sound in music. Which of the following is an example of dynamics?
   A. [illustration: musical clef symbol resembling “c”] B. # C. [illustration: bracket-shaped musical symbol] D. mp

   
   

9. It is a dynamic marking in which the part of a song in line with the symbol will be sung in a very soft manner. What is the symbol being referred to?
   A. p B. f C. ff D. pp

   
   

10. It is a dynamic marking means singing gradually from loud to soft.
    A. fortississimo B. decrescendo C. crescendo D. piano

    
    

Additional Activities

The song “You are my Sunshine” tells about the happiness of a person when he is with his loved ones.

Study the song. Use different dynamic markings for you to have your own interpretation of the song.

Directions: Put the dynamic markings above the notes to where you want them to be placed. Do this on a separate sheet of paper.

[illustration: musical score titled “You Are My Sunshine,” by Jimmy Davis, in 2/2 time, with lyrics as follows]

You are my sun – shine ___ My on – ly sun – shine ___ You make me I’ll al – ways love you ___ And make you hap – py ___ If you will hap – py ___ when skies are gray ___ You’ll ne – ver know dear ___ how much I on – ly ___ say the same ___ But if you leave me ___ to love a – love you ___ please don’t take my sun – shine a – way ___ no – ther ___ You’ll re – gret it all ___ some day ___

To the Learning Facilitator: Evaluate the child’s performance by checking the appropriate number.

Criteria	Very Good 4	Good 3	Satisfactory 2	Fair 1
Uses appropriate dynamic markings based on a given musical score
Places dynamic markings appropriateto the dynami levels
Use varied dynamic markings on the given musical score
Total Score

Lesson 2: Singing Songs with Soft Level Dynamics

We express our emotions in so many ways. One of which is through our voices. The volume of our voices could express sadness, joy, anger or excitement. A soft voice usually shows a more positive emotion.

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned about the different dynamic marks used in a song. Let us find out how much you have learned from that lesson.

Directions: Match column A with column B. Match the dynamics in column A to its corresponding symbol in column B.

A	B
1. crescendo	A. f
2. fortissimo	B. p
3. pianississimo	C. [illustration: crescendo hairpin]
4. forte	D. ff
5. piano	E. ppp

Hello learner!

You have already learned about the meanings and Italian terms for dynamic markings; their influence and impact in a song or in a piece of music.

In this lesson, you are going to apply different dynamic levels in your performance. In particular, you will sing a song with soft level dynamics.

Singing is like a story-telling. It is not about how good your vocal is, but on how well you deliver a song to your audience. The aim is to invoke an emotional response to your audience and you cannot do that by singing at one volume level for the whole song. Imagine, when you listen to a speaker who is speaking in a monotone manner. The worst thing is to sing the song in one volume from the start till the end of a song.

That is why adding dynamics to music makes a song or performance more interesting and dramatic. This can even turn a mediocre performance into a great one. It can also create light and shade within your song and can help you sound more polished and professional even if you are just starting out.

“Tulog Na” is an example of lullaby or cradle song. The dynamic symbols found in a song are called soft level dynamic markings. These are p, pp, ppp and mp. It means that this song should be sung in a soft level.

Directions: Study the lyrics of the song. Use this Youtube link to listen to the song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7q35f7Ip4s.

What’s New

[illustration: musical score of the song “Tulog Na” with dynamic markings pp, p, pp, p, mp on the first line and p, mp, p on the second line]

Tulog Na Dolores T. Andres

Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Tu-log na, Tu – log na, O, a – king bun – so, Tu – log na, tu – log na, di – to na si Na – nay.

The word or words with p dynamic mark such as Nanay, tahan, and o should be sung softly whereas words like Dum, dum should be sung in a very soft level. “Tulog Na” should be sung in a moderately soft; somewhat louder than piano but softer than forte.

Before you go on singing, here are some tips on how to sing with low level dynamics.

1. In a standing position, keep all your face muscles relaxed, chest out and think as if you are ready to sing.
2. Be sure to inhale expanding expand the rib cage and also around the waistline just before humming.
3. Hum softly and avoid tension on your lips.
4. Start singing the notes by opening your mouth correctly; as softly as you can manage.
5. Continue singing the notes while gradually getting softer.
6. Keep the airflow constant as you sing softer.

Singing with correct dynamics with correct facial expressions and appropriate hand gestures will make your performance better and appealing.

What is It

Look at the musical score of “Tulog Na”. Answer the following questions based on the musical score.

1. In what word/words did you see a symbol which means moderately soft?
2. In what word/words did you see a symbol which means very soft?
3. In what word/words did you see a symbol which means soft?
4. What are examples of soft level dynamics?
5. What kind of songs should be sung in soft level dynamics?
6. How can you perform the dynamics of the song properly?
7. Why do you think soft level dynamic markings were used in this song?

What’s More

Directions: Sing the song “Tulog Na” following the correct dynamic markings. The live performance will be evaluated by your learning facilitator based on the given criteria/rubric below.

[illustration: musical score of the song “Tulog Na” with dynamic markings pp, p, pp, p, mp on the first line and p, mp, p on the second line]

Tulog Na Dolores T. Andres

Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Tu-log na, Tu – log na, O, a – king bun – so, Tu – log na, tu – log na, di – to na si Na – nay.

To the Learning Facilitator: Evaluate the child’s performance by checking the appropriate number.

Criteria	Very Good 4	Good 3	Satisfactory 2	Fair 1
Can identify correct dynamics.
Can sing correct dynamics with ease and confidence.
Can sing with correct breathing and phrasing.
Can sing with dynamics, facial expressions and minimal hand gestures.
Total Score

What I Have Learned

The dynamic marks ppp, pp, p and mp comprise the soft dynamic level.

• piano (p) quiet or soft part
• pianissimo (pp) very soft
• pianississimo (ppp) very,very soft
• mezzo piano (mp) moderately soft

What I Can Do

“Ili-ili Tulog Anay” is a lullaby from Panay Island and it is traditionally sang to help the child to fall asleep while the mother is away.

This time, identify the soft level dynamic markings of the song “Ili-ili Tulog Anay “and give their meanings. Refer to this Youtube link to listen to the song. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paDVo4_-QzE

[illustration: musical score of the song “Ili-Ili Tulog Anay” with dynamic markings mp, p, pp, ppp, mp on the first line and p, pp, ppp on the second line]

Ili-Ili Tulog Anay

I – li – i – li tu-log a – nay, wa-la di – ri i – mo Na – nay; – Kad-to tyen – da ba-kal pa-pay, I – li – i – li tu – log a – nay.

1. 
   
2. 
   
3. 
   

Assessment

Directions: Sing the song “Ili-ili Tulog Anay” with correct dynamics. The live performance will be evaluated, based on the given criteria/rubric below.

[illustration: musical score of the song “Ili-Ili Tulog Anay” with dynamic markings mp, p, pp, ppp, mp on the first line and p, pp, ppp on the second line]

Ili-Ili Tulog Anay

I- li-i – li tu-log a – nay, wa-la di – ri i – mo Na – nay; – Kad-to tyen – da ba-kal pa- pay, I – li – i – li tu – log a – nay.

To the Learning Facilitator: Evaluate the child’s performance by checking the appropriate number.

Criteria	Very Good 4	Good 3	Satisfactory 2	Fair 1
Can identify correct dynamics.
Can sing correct dynamics with ease and confidence.
Can sing with correct breathing and phrasing.
Can sing with dynamics, facial expressions and minimal hand gestures.
Total Score

Additional Activities

Directions: Put appropriate soft level dynamic markings on top of the staff. Sing the song with correct dynamics.

Tulog Na Dolores T. Andres

[illustration: musical score of the song “Tulog Na” with no dynamic markings printed on the staff]

Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Tu-log na, Tu – log na, O, a – king bun – so, Tu – log na, tu – log na, di – to na si Na – nay.

To the Learning Facilitator: Evaluate the child’s performance by checking the appropriate number.

Criteria	Very Good 4	Good 3	Satisfactory 2	Fair 1
Uses appropriate dynamic markings based on a given musical score
Places dynamic markings appropriateto the dynamic levels
Use varied dynamic markings on the given musical score
Perfoms correct dynamics through singing
Total Score

Lesson 3: Singing Songs with Varied Dynamics

Imagine music without any emotion. The music would not be appealing and people would not be able to relate and appreciate a song. All of our music without dynamics will be flat and boring. Through the use of dynamics, musicians are able to create drama and different intensities throughout a piece. It makes music more fascinating and enjoyable. Musicians are able to create intimate connections between the audience and the music by putting dynamics to it. Experiment with different dynamics as you study the scores in this lesson.

What’s In

Directions: Sing the song “Tulog Na” correctly following the indicated soft level dynamic markings in the musical score.

[illustration: musical score of the song “Tulog Na” with dynamic markings pp, p, pp, p, mp on the first line and p, mp, p on the second line]

Tulog Na Dolores T. Andres

Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Dum, dum Ta-han na bun – so, Tu-log na, Tu – log na, O, a – king bun – so, Tu – log na, tu – log na, di – to na si Na – nay.

What’s New

A good day to you learner!

In music, the dynamics is the degrees of loudness and softness in a musical composition. It is indicated by specific symbols in musical notations. However, dynamic markings still require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context. Dynamics help musicians sustain varied interests in a musical performance and communicate a particular emotional state or feeling.

In this lesson, you are going to perform a song with varied dynamics.

Singing seems like a simple thing to do. Singing with dynamics is a thing that the most respected singers do in order to create intensity in their performance. Singing with varied dynamics is the practice of controlling your singing volume using , breath control, musical phrases, and emotions.

Singing in a gradual increase of volume or crescendo and gradual decrease of volume or decrescendo on a certain part of a song is a matter of controlling your singing voice and it will take you from an average singer to an extraordinary one.

One does not just simply sing with dynamics. It takes practice and sufficient knowledge to execute dynamics correctly. You must know the song wholeheartedly for you to know where to place the dynamics. Furthermore, when you know your voice, you can project it confidently.

Here are some tips on how to sing with varied dynamics.

1. Sing the musical phrase as softly as you can manage.
2. Continue singing the musical phrase while gradually getting louder; hence, maintaining a steady flow of air as you sing louder.
3. Continue singing the musical phrase while gradually getting softer, hence, keeping the airflow constant as you sing softer.

Directions: Study the song “Climb Every Mountain”. Focus on the different dynamic markings and be able to answer the questions below. Use the Youtube link below to listen and learn the song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvDFoF9sfQA

Climb Every Mountain

[illustration: musical score of “Climb Every Mountain” with dynamic markings mp, mf, f, ff, and crescendo and decrescendo hairpins, with lyrics printed under the staves]

Climb ev – ‘ry moun-tain, search high and low, Fol – low ev – ‘ry by way, ev – ‘ry path you know. Climb ev – ‘ry moun-tain, ford ev – ‘ry stream, Fol – low ev – ‘ry rain-bow, till you find your dream! A dream that will need all thelove you can give_ . Ev-‘ry day of your life for as long asyou live_ . Climb ev – ‘ry moun-tain, ford ev – ‘ry stream, Fol – low ev – ‘ry rain-bow till you find your dream! Climb ev – ‘ry moun-tain, ford ev – ‘ry stream, Fol – low ev – ‘ry rain-bow till you find your dream! dream!

What is It

Direction: Answer the following questions about the song.

1. What dynamic markings do you see in the musical score?
2. How will you sing the parts of the song with the following markings: mp, mf, f, ff, > and < respectively?
3. In which musical phrase of the song will you sing moderately soft?
4. In which measure of the song will you sing moderately loud?
5. In which measure of the song will you sing loud?
6. In which musical phrase will you sing gradually becoming louder?
7. In which musical phrase of the song will you sing gradually becoming softer?

What’s More

Directions: Sing the song “Climb Every Mountain“. Observe and apply the correct dynamic markings. The performance will be evaluated, based on the given criteria/rubric below.

To the Learning Facilitator: Evaluate the child’s performance by checking the appropriate number.

Criteria	Very Good 4	Good 3	Satisfactory 2	Fair 1
Can identify correct dynamics
Can sing correct dynamics with ease and confidence.
Can sing with correct breathing and phrasing.
Can sing with dynamics, facial expressions and minimal hand gestures.
Total Score

Climb Every Mountain

[illustration: musical score of “Climb Every Mountain” with dynamic markings mp, mf, f, ff, and crescendo and decrescendo hairpins, with lyrics printed under the staves]

Climb ev – ‘ry moun-tain, search high and low, Fol – low ev – ‘ry by way, ev – ‘ry path you know. Climb ev – ‘ry moun-tain, ford ev – ‘ry stream, Fol – low ev – ‘ry rain-bow, till you find your dream! A dream that will need all thelove you can give_ . Ev-‘ry day of your life for as long asyou live_ . Climb ev – ‘ry moun-tain, ford ev – ‘ry stream, Fol – low ev – ‘ry rain-bow till you find your dream! Climb ev – ‘ry moun-tain, ford ev – ‘ry stream, Fol – low ev – ‘ry rain-bow till you find your dream! dream!

What I Have Learned

Take note of the following dynamic markings:

The two basic dynamic indications in music are: p or piano, meaning soft f or forte, meaning “loud”

More subtle degrees of loudness or softness are indicated by: mp, stands for mezzo-piano, meaning “moderately soft mf, stands for mezzo-forte, meaning “moderately loud”

Use of up to three consecutive f‘s or p‘s is also common: pp, stands for pianissimo and meaning “very soft”. ff, stands for fortissimo and meaning “very loud”. ppp, stands for pianississimo and meaning “as soft as possible”. fff, stands for fortississimo and meaning “as loud as possible”.

Words used to show gradual changes in volume: crescendo (abbreviated cresc.) translates as “increasing” or gradually becoming louder decrescendo (abbreviated to decresc.) translates as “decreasing” or gradually becoming softer

What I Can Do

Directions: Review the song “Ako ay Pilipino“. Identify the dynamic markings used in the song and give the meaning of each marking. Refer to the Youtube link to listen to the song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkfrlHJgVYs

Ako ay Pilipino

[illustration: musical score of “Ako ay Pilipino” in 3/4 time with dynamic markings pp, p, mf, mp, f, and ff, crescendo and decrescendo hairpins, and fermatas, with lyrics printed under the staves]

A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, ang du-go’y ma-har – li – ka, li – kas sa a-king pu – so, ad-hi – ka-ing kay gan – da. Sa Pi – li – pi – nas na a-king ba-yan lan-tay na Per-las ng Si – la nga-nan wa-ri’y na – ti-pon ang ka-ya-ma-nan ng May-ka- pal. Bi-gay sa ‘king ta li – no sa ma – bu-ti lang la – an, Sa a – ki’y ka-tu – tu-bo ang ma-ging ma-pag – ma hal. A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, I – sang ban – sa, ‘sang di – wa ang mi – ni – mit-hi ko. Sa ba – yan ko’t ban – di – la, la – an bu-hay ko’t di – wa, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, Pi – li – pi nong to – to – o, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, ta-as no – o ka-hit ka – ni – no, Ang Pi – li – pi-no ay a – ko.

Assessment

Directions: Sing the song “Ako ay Pilipino” correctly. Remember the tips on singing with dynamics. The performance will be evaluated by your learning facilitator based on the given criteria/rubric below.

Ako ay Pilipino

Dynamic Markings	Meaning
_____	_____
_____	_____
_____	_____
_____	_____
_____	_____
_____	_____
_____	_____
_____	_____

[illustration: musical score of “Ako ay Pilipino” in 3/4 time with dynamic markings pp, p, mf, mp, f, and ff, crescendo and decrescendo hairpins, and fermatas, with lyrics printed under the staves]

A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, ang du-go’y ma-har – li – ka, li – kas sa a-king pu – so, ad-hi – ka-ing kay gan – da. Sa Pi – li – pi – nas na a-king ba-yan lan-tay na Per-las ng Si – la nga-nan wa-ri’y na – ti-pon ang ka-ya-ma-nan ng May-ka- pal. Bi-gay sa ‘king ta li – no sa ma – bu-ti lang la – an, Sa a – ki’y ka-tu – tu-bo ang ma-ging ma-pag – ma hal. A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, I – sang ban – sa, ‘sang di – wa ang mi – ni – mit-hi ko. Sa ba – yan ko’t ban – di – la, la – an bu-hay ko’t di – wa, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, Pi – li – pi nong to – to – o, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, A – ko ay Pi – li – pi – no, ta-as no – o ka-hit ka – ni – no, Ang Pi – li – pi-no ay a – ko.

To the Learning Facilitator: Evaluate the child’s performance by checking the appropriate number.

Criteria	Very Good 4	Good 3	Satisfactory 2	Fair 1
Can identify correct dynamics.
Can sing-correct dynamics with ease and confidence.
Can sing with correct breathing and phrasing.
Can sing with dynamics, facial expressions and minimal hand gestures.
Total Score

.

Additional Activities

Directions: Study the song “Magtanim ay Masaya“. Sing the song with correct dynamics. The performance will be evaluated by your learning facilitator based on the given criteria/rubric below.

To the Learning Facilitator: Evaluate the child’s performance by checking the appropriate number.

Criteria	Very Good 4	Good 3	Satisfactory 2	Fair 1
Can identify correct dynamics.
Can sing-correct dynamics with ease and confidence.
Can sing with correct breathing and phrasing.
Can sing with dynamics, facial expressions and minimal hand gestures.
Total Score

Please refer to this Youtube link as reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jn8uxKayWXo

Magtanim ay Masaya

Marinduque Folk Song

[illustration: musical score of “Magtanim ay Masaya” in 3/4 time with dynamic markings mp and f, crescendo and decrescendo hairpins, and chord symbols printed in red above the staff: G, Am, D, G, C, G, D, G, with lyrics printed under the staves]

Mag-ta-nim ay ma-sa-ya, la-hat ay ma-li-ga-ya, ka-ta-wa’y ma si-sig – la, hi-rap di a-lin-ta – na, Ma-sa-ya ang mag-ta-nim, ma-ra-ming a-a-ni-hin, ha-li-na sa bu-ki-rin, at a – ting pag-ya-ma – nin.

Answer Key

Lesson 1

What I Know

1. A
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. D
10. B

What’s In

1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T

What’s More

Activity 1

1. pp – very soft
2. p – soft
3. mp – moderately soft

Activity 2

a. crescendo, masaya

[transcriber’s note: a crescendo wedge symbol is printed beside item a.]

b. decrescendo, ay maligaya

[transcriber’s note: a decrescendo wedge symbol is printed beside item b.]

c. f, 13th, 17th measure

d. mp, 1st and 7th measure

Activity 3

Answers may vary

What Can I Do

1. piano – soft
2. forte – loud
3. crescendo – gradually becoming loud
4. pianissimo – very soft
5. mezzo forte – moderately loud

Assessment

1. C
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. B

Additional Activity

Answers may vary (sample possible answer)

[illustration: musical score of “You Are My Sunshine” with lyrics printed beneath the staves]

[transcriber’s note: the lyrics under the score are too small and rotated to read reliably]

Lesson 2

What’s In

1. C
2. D
3. E
4. A
5. B

What Is It

1. mp
2. pp
3. p
4. p, pp, ppp, mp
5. lullaby or cradle song
6. by identifying and understanding each dynamic marking
7. it is a lullaby song

What’s More

Use rubrics for evaluation

What Can I Do

1. p-soft
2. pp- very soft
3. mp-moderately soft

Assessment

Use rubrics for evaluation

Additional Activity

Use rubrics for evaluation

Lesson 3

What’s In

Use rubrics for evaluation

What Is It

1. mp,mf, , f , ff

[transcriber’s note: a crescendo wedge symbol is printed between mf and f]

2. mp-moderately soft
   mf -moderately loud
   f-loud
   ff-very loud

   
   

3. [transcriber’s note: wedge symbols printed beside these items; the wedges are not transcribed]
   gradually becoming loud
   decrescendo-gradually becoming soft

   
   

What’s More

Use rubrics for evaluation

3. climb every mountain (1st measure)
4. climb every mountain (9th measure)
5. 26th measure
6. live
7. dream

[transcriber’s note: items 3 to 7 are printed under What’s More as fill-in items for the song “Climb every mountain”; the blanks are shown as printed]

What I Can Do

Use rubrics for evaluation

1. pp- very soft
2. p-soft
3. gradually becoming loud
4. mf-moderately loud
5. gradually becoming soft
6. mp-moderately soft
7. f-loud
8. ff-very loud

[transcriber’s note: items 3 and 5 each have a wedge symbol printed beside them]

References

1. Ready Made Lesson Plans in Music6 (Deped Div. of Iloilo)
2. Radiance Worktext in Music, Art Physical Education and Health pp.57-62

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph