This is the English 5 self-learning module for Quarter 1, Module 3, Lesson 1: Using Complex Sentences to Show a Cause and Effect Relationship. It was made by DepEd Region VIII for Grade 5 learners studying at home. After the lesson, learners should be able to spot causes and effects and join them in one complex sentence with the right conjunction.
What learners will learn
The module opens with a few questions: What is a cause? What is an effect? Why do certain things happen? After the lesson, learners should be able to:
- identify causes and effects;
- combine cause and effect clauses using a correct conjunction; and
- use complex sentences to show cause and effect.
Cause and effect in a sentence
A cause is the reason something happens. An effect is what happens as a result. The module’s first example shows both:
- Mario got sick because he played under the rain.
- Cause: because he played under the rain
- Effect: Mario got sick
More examples from the module:
| Sentence | Cause | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| The houses were destroyed because the typhoon was very strong. | because the typhoon was very strong | The houses were destroyed |
| The boy broke his leg when he fell from a tree. | when he fell from a tree | The boy broke his leg |
| Since it did not rain for a long time, the grass turned brown. | Since it did not rain for a long time | the grass turned brown |
The cause can come first or second in the sentence. In the last example, the cause comes first and a comma separates it from the effect.
Building complex sentences with subordinating conjunctions
A complex sentence joins an independent clause (one that can stand alone) with a dependent clause (one that cannot). The two are linked by a subordinating conjunction. The module uses these conjunctions:
- For cause and effect: because, since, as, so that, in order that
- Other ones used in the activities: when, if, unless, although, before, after, until, while
The module shows how to turn two short sentences into one complex sentence:
- The ice in the plastic bag melted. It was placed under sun. becomes The ice in the plastic bag melted because it was placed under sun.
- School was cancelled. We went to the mall. (Since) becomes We went to the mall since school was cancelled.
- Our teacher gives us inspiration. Our class can excel in many ways. becomes Our teacher gives us inspiration so that our class can excel in many ways.
The module also has a reading passage, “What Causes a Tsunami” (adapted from Jeremy Cook). It explains a chain of causes and effects. Tectonic plates rub together and shake the ground. Sudden movement of the plates displaces water and makes a wave, which becomes a tsunami. Disobeying orders to evacuate may cause serious harm.
Parts of the module
- What I Know – a 10-item pretest: write C if the underlined clause is a cause and E if it is an effect.
- What’s In – copy a cause-and-effect chart and sort five sentences into it.
- What’s New – read the tsunami passage and answer five questions.
- What I Can Do – fill in blanks with although, if, when, because, unless, before, or after.
- Assessment – Activity 1 combines ten pairs of sentences with a given conjunction. Activity 2 connects five pairs of clauses using because, as, in order that, since, or so that.
- Additional Activities – complete five sentences by choosing a dependent clause from a box.
- Answer Key – answers for the activities and tests.
How to use this module
- Learners: Start with the pretest, then work through the parts in order. Write your answers on a separate sheet or in your notebook, not on the module. Check your work with the answer key only after you finish, and be honest when you use it.
- Parents and facilitators: The module comes with Notes to the Teacher on how to help with home-based learning. Help your child find the cause and effect in everyday sentences, such as “The street was flooded when it rained for several hours.”
- Teachers: The Assessment activities and the Additional Activities can be used as graded outputs. The answer key gives model sentences for each item.
If anything in the module is unclear, learners should ask their teacher or facilitator.
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this module for?
It is for Grade 5 English, Quarter 1, Module 3, Lesson 1. It was developed by DepEd Region VIII as a self-learning module.
What is the difference between a cause and an effect?
A cause is why something happens, and an effect is what happens because of it. In the sentence Mario got sick because he played under the rain, playing under the rain is the cause and getting sick is the effect.
Which conjunctions show cause and effect in this module?
The module uses because, since, as, so that, and in order that to connect causes and effects. It also practices other subordinating conjunctions such as when, if, unless, although, before, after, until, and while.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. The answer key covers the pretest, the reading questions, the chart activity, the What I Can Do activity, both Assessment activities, and the Additional Activities.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
English Quarter 1 – Module 3 Lesson 1: Using Complex Sentences to Show a Cause and Effect Relationship
5
CO_Q1_English5_Module3_Lesson1
English – Grade 5 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 3, Lesson 1: Using Complex Sentences to Show a Cause and Effect Relationship First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region VIII
Office Address: Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte Telefax: 053 – 323-3156 E-mail Address: region8@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Chris R. Pedroches Editor: Dean Ric M. Endriano, Rustum D. Geonzon, Karen R. Versoza, and Maria Celeste L. Vincoy Reviewers: Michael Jude T. Casaljay, Reymarc Jonvil F. Dacallos, and Bernie Jude R. Lamograr Illustrator: Leovin Labian Layout Artists: Janssen Louel C. Dabuet and Gibson J. Gayda
Management Team: Ramir B. Uytico Arnulfo M. Balane Rosemarie M. Guino Joy B. Bihag Ryan R. Tiu Dean Ric M. Endriano Teodorico C. Peliño Jr. Carmela R. Tamayo Moises D. Labian Jr. Antonio F. Caveiro Josefina F. Dacallos Faustino M. Tobes Rustum D. Geonzon
5
English
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Lesson 1: Using Complex Sentences to Show a Cause and Effect Relationship
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. These will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you in home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests and read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Good luck and happy learning!
What I Need to Know
What is a cause? What is an effect? Why do certain things happen? What does knowledge on cause and effect contribute? What is the advantage of being able to properly describe a cause and effect process?
In this module, you will learn to:
- identify causes and effects;
- combine cause and effect clauses using a correct conjunction; and
- use complex sentences to show cause and effect.
What I Know
Directions: Read each sentence below. Before each number, write C if the underlined clause is a cause and E if it is an effect. Use a separate paper as your answer sheet.
____1. Because he played under the rain, his mother became angry. ____2. The street was flooded when it rained for several hours. ____3. Mario got sick, so Luigi took his place. ____4. The students couldn’t go to school because the rain was heavy. ____5. Children were told to stay home after the quarantine was declared. ____6. It rained, and the field turned green. ____7. The town was put on lockdown since people kept going out. ____8. She took a rapid test as soon as she felt sick. ____9. People go nuts whenever they hear about a new case of COVID-19. ____10. Some people were jailed because they were caught spreading fake news.
Lesson 1: Using Complex Sentences to Show a Cause and Effect Relationship
What’s In
Directions: Copy the chart in your notebook. Write down the cause and effect of the following sentences in the proper column. An example has been provided to serve as a guide in answering the activity.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Because he played under the rain | Mario got sick |
Example: Mario got sick because he played under the rain.
- Nora was still in uniform because she had just arrived from school.
- The houses were destroyed because the typhoon was very strong.
- The boy broke his leg when he fell from a tree.
- The boy waters the plants every day so that the plants will grow healthy.
- Since it did not rain for a long time, the grass turned brown.
What’s New
Activity 1
Directions: Read the selection below and take note of the facts and events. After reading, answer the questions that follow.
What Causes a Tsunami
One of the most common causes of a tsunami is by an earthquake. The entire planet is covered with pieces of rock that float on liquid magma. These pieces are called tectonic plates. As they move, they can sometimes rub together, causing the ground to shake. When two plates move suddenly, the water on the surface of the Earth gets displaced and can cause a wave. The wave begins to move, and a tsunami is born.
When a strong quake occurs under the sea, a tsunami alert is sometimes declared, especially if it is near the shorelines. When this happens, people are advised to evacuate to higher grounds. Disobeying orders to evacuate may cause serious harm or injury to people.
(Adapted from What Causes a Tsunami by Jeremy Cook)
- What causes a tsunami according to the paragraph?
- Why does the Earth’s ground shake?
- What is produced when water on the surface of the earth is displaced?
- When is a tsunami alert declared?
- Why do people have to evacuate to higher grounds during a tsunami?
What I Can Do
Activity 1
Directions: Use the subordinating conjunctions although, if, when, because, unless, before, and after to make complex sentences out of the clauses below. Write your answers in your notebook.
- I’m going to the bank _____ I will withdraw some money.
- I made lunch _____ I got home.
- Submit the project _____ the day is over.
- I really enjoyed the concert _____ the music was too loud.
- _____ you fix your bike, you won’t be able to join us.
Assessment
Activity 1
Directions: Combine the short sentences by using the subordinating conjunction provided to create a complex sentence. Write your answers in your notebook.
School was cancelled. We went to the mall. (Since)
I have to stay for tutorial. I failed the exam. (Because)
We won’t have practice today. It is raining. (Since)
The alarm was not set. We were late for work. (Because)
You eat your vegetables. You cannot have dessert. (Until)
I was cleaning the basement. The power went out. (While)
You practice. You will not get any better at basketball. (Unless)
We missed the basketball match. Our car broke down. (Because)
You need to study your vocabulary words. You can do well on the quiz. (So That)
Follow the road. You will see our house. (If)
Activity 2
Directions: Connect these pairs of clauses to form a complex sentence. Use because, as, in order that, since, or so that. You may switch the order of the clauses.
Example: The ice in the plastic bag melted. It was placed under sun. The ice in the plastic bag melted because it was placed under sun.
- There is no dictionary here. Let us go to the library.
- He could sell his toothpaste for a cheap price. Many wanted to buy it.
- My cousin got the first prize in essay writing. He is talented and hardworking.
- Our teacher gives us inspiration. Our class can excel in many ways.
- Our Glee Club coach always reminds us to attend rehearsals regularly. Our performance becomes outstanding.
Additional Activities
Directions: Using the specified subordinating conjunction, add a dependent clause to the given independent clause to form a complex sentence. Choose your answer from the box below.
- I can’t go to school today because _____________.
- Dennis bought a new jacket although _____________.
- Jennifer decided to leave Jomar since _____________.
- Let’s follow our parents’ advice so that _____________.
- Alexander has been working sixty hours a week because _____________.
- There is an important presentation next week.
- The weather is not good.
- We will have a better future.
- She was too worried about his job.
- He had received one as a gift last week.
Answer Key
[transcriber’s note: this page is printed rotated 180 degrees; the text below is transcribed upright in its reading order]
What I Know
- C
- E
- C
- C
- E
- C
- C
- C
- E
- E
What’s New
- An earthquake causes a tsunami.
- The Earth’s ground shakes because tectonic plates rub together.
- A wave is produced when water on the surface of the earth is displaced.
- When a strong quake occurs under the sea, a tsunami alert is declared.
- People have to evacuate to higher grounds during a tsunami so that they may be saved from its deadly effects.
What’s In
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| 1. because she had just arrived from school | Nora was still in uniform |
| 2. because the typhoon was very strong | The houses were destroyed |
| 3. when he fell from a tree | The boy broke his leg |
| 4. The boy waters the plants every day | so that the plants will grow healthy |
| 5. Since it did not rain for a long time | the grass turned brown |
What’s More
Activity 1
[chart: graphic organizer; Activity 1]
- EFFECT: Pupils are not allowed to chew gums.
- CAUSE: Gum makes messes in the classroom.
- CAUSE: Gum is a distraction.
[transcriber’s note: the printed page is rotated 180 degrees; the chart’s cause and effect labels are transcribed as printed]
Activity 2
- If pollution is reduced, global health will improve.
- Because energy use is high in the developed world, people use a lot of resources.
- Unless people try to save energy, global demand for energy increases every year.
- Future generations will suffer if pollution is not reduced today.
- Bikeshares are becoming popular because they are a great way to reduce pollution.
[transcriber’s note: the printed answers mark the cause with one underline and the effect with two; the underlining is not reproduced here]
What I Have Learned
- Complex sentence
- Subordinating conjunctions
- Cause and effect
- one
- comma
[transcriber’s note: this page is printed rotated, so the text was read from the rotated image and the parts are given in their logical module order. The footer “13 CO_Q1_English5_Module3_Lesson1” is omitted.]
What I Can Do
Activity 1
- I’m going to the bank because I will withdraw some money.
- I made lunch when I got home.
- Submit the project before the day is over.
- I really enjoyed the concert although the music was too loud.
- Unless you fix your bike, you won’t be able to join us.
Assessment
Activity 1
- We went to the mall since school was cancelled.
- I have to stay for tutorial because I failed the exam.
- We won’t have practice today since it is raining.
- We were late for work because the alarm was not set.
- You cannot have dessert until you eat your vegetables.
- While I was cleaning the basement, the power went out.
- Unless you practice, you will not get any better at basketball.
- We missed the basketball match because our car broke down.
- You need to study your vocabulary words so that you can do well on the quiz.
- If you follow the road, you will see our house.
Activity 2
- Let us go to the library because there is no dictionary here.
- Many wanted to buy it as he could sell his toothpaste for a cheap price.
- My cousin got the first prize in essay writing because is talented and hardworking.
- Our teacher gives us inspiration so that our class can excel in many ways.
- Our Glee Club coach always reminds us to attend rehearsals regularly in order that our performance becomes outstanding.
Additional Activities
Activity 9
- I can’t go to school today because the weather is not good.
- Dennis bought a new jacket although he had received one as a gift last week.
- Jennifer decided to leave Jomar since she was too worried about his job.
- Let’s follow our parents’ advice so that we will have a better future.
- Alexander has been working sixty hours a week because there is an important presentation next week.
References
“Cause and Effect,” Accessed May 27, 2020, https:// www.ereading worksheets. com/text-structure/ patterns-of-organization/cause-and-effect/.
“Combining Sentences with Subordinating Conjunctions,” Accessed May 27, 2020, https://www.softschools.com/language_arts/worksheets/combining_sentences_worksheets/combining_sentences_with_subordinating_conjunctions_middle_grade_worksheet.pdf.
“Complex Sentences Made Easy.” Accessed May 27, 2020. https://www. Teacher created.com/lessons/71.
Cook, Jeremy. “What Causes a Tsunami? – Lesson for Kids”. Accessed May 27, 2020. https://study.com/ academy/ lesson/what-causes-a-tsunami-lesson-for-kids.html.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
Leave a Reply