This is a Senior High School self-learning module for Earth and Life Science, Quarter 1, Module 16: Geologic Processes and Hazards. It has one lesson, Lesson 2, Geological Processes and Hazards. Learners use hazard maps to find the Philippine provinces most at risk of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides, and they learn why knowing these places matters. It was produced by DepEd Region IV-A CALABARZON as an Alternative Delivery Mode module (First Edition, 2021).
On this page 7 sections
What learners will learn
After going through this module, learners are expected to:
- identify places in the Philippines that are prone to geologic hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides using a hazard map; and
- explain why it is important to identify places that are prone to geologic hazards.
Why the Philippines is hazard-prone
The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,641 islands. It lies in the Pacific Typhoon Belt and in the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is home to over 75% of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes. Because of this location, the country has more earthquakes and volcanic eruptions than many other countries. The module calls it one of the most hazard- and disaster-prone countries in the world.
Key ideas in the lesson
Geologic processes
Geological processes are natural forces that shape the physical makeup of a planet. They cause the plates in the Earth’s crust to move. Because these processes keep happening, they are a continuous source of hazards to people and communities.
Hazards
A hazard is a phenomenon caused by natural or human forces that threatens people, animals, property, and the environment. The module groups hazards into two types:
- Natural: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and tsunamis
- Anthropogenic (man-made): deforestation, mining, and climate change
A landslide is the movement of rock, debris, and soil down a slope.
Hazard maps
A hazard map shows the areas exposed or prone to a particular hazard, such as landslides, flooding, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. These maps help reduce the harm hazards cause. The module notes two partnerships that make hazard information public: news networks working with the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), and the Manila Observatory working with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
Most at-risk provinces
The module presents three top-10 lists based on Manila Observatory and DENR maps:
| Rank | Earthquakes | Volcanic eruptions | Landslides |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Surigao del Sur | Camiguin | Marinduque |
| 2 | La Union | Sulu | Rizal |
| 3 | Benguet | Biliran | Cebu |
| 4 | Pangasinan | Albay | La Union |
| 5 | Pampanga | Bataan | Southern Leyte |
| 6 | Tarlac | Sorsogon | Benguet |
| 7 | Ilocos Norte | South Cotabato | Nueva Vizcaya |
| 8 | Davao Oriental | Laguna | Batangas |
| 9 | Nueva Vizcaya | Camarines Sur | Mountain Province |
| 10 | Nueva Ecija | Batanes | Romblon |
The module explains the reasons:
- Earthquakes: Surigao del Sur and Davao Oriental are at risk because of the Philippine Trench and nearby active faults. La Union and Pangasinan are at risk because of the Manila Trench. Benguet, La Union, Nueva Vizcaya, eastern Pangasinan, and Nueva Ecija lie along the Philippine Fault Zone.
- Volcanic eruptions: Camiguin ranks first because its land area is so small that an eruption could affect the whole province. Sulu ranks second because it has the greatest number of active and dangerous volcanoes.
- Landslides: Many provinces of the Cordillera Administrative Region are on the list because the region sits in and around the Cordillera mountain ranges. After heavy, continuous rain or earthquakes, slopes become weak and can slide.
Activities in this module
- What I Know: a 15-item multiple-choice pretest
- Activity 1, Cause and Effect: fill in the causes and effects of volcanic eruptions, landslides, and earthquakes
- Activity 2, Point me: use a numbered map of Philippine provinces to list places hit by geologic hazards in the past decade
- Activity 3, Identify me: name the top 3 places prone to each hazard, justify your answer, and explain why hazard maps matter
- Activity 4, Complete me: fill in the blanks to review key terms
- Activity 5, Hazard identification: identify hazardous places during or after an earthquake at home, in school, and in the community
- Assessment: a 15-item multiple-choice post-test
- Activity 6, Interview me: interview someone who has experienced a geologic hazard
How to use this module
Learners: Start with the pretest to check what you already know, then work through the parts in order. Write all answers on a separate sheet of paper and do not mark the module. Finish with the assessment, then check your work honestly against the answer key at the end.
Parents and facilitators: Help your child find a family member or neighbor for the interview in Activity 6, and encourage them to ask the teacher when a task is unclear.
Teachers: The answer key covers the pretest, the post-test, and Activities 1, 3, and 4. Open-ended tasks (Activities 3, 5, and 6) are scored with the module’s short-answer rubric, which rates analysis, clarity, and writing skills from 1 (below expectation) to 3 (above expectation).
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this Earth and Life Science module for?
It is a Senior High School module for Quarter 1 of Earth and Life Science. It is Module 16 and contains Lesson 2, Geological Processes and Hazards.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. The answer key at the end covers the pretest, the assessment, and Activities 1, 3, and 4, and includes a scoring rubric for short-answer tasks.
Which provinces are most at risk of geologic hazards according to the module?
The top three for earthquakes are Surigao del Sur, La Union, and Benguet; for volcanic eruptions, Camiguin, Sulu, and Biliran; and for landslides, Marinduque, Rizal, and Cebu.
What is a hazard map?
A hazard map shows the areas exposed or prone to a particular hazard, such as landslides, flooding, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. It helps reduce the negative effects of those hazards.
Why is the Philippines prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
The country lies in the Pacific Ring of Fire, which holds over 75% of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes. This location makes earthquakes and eruptions more frequent than in many other countries.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module 16: Geologic Processes and Hazards
Senior High School
[illustration: teachers and learners studying outdoors and indoors, with a globe and a lantern; ADM (Alternative Delivery Mode) logo]
GOVERNMENT PROPERTY NOT FOR SALE
CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 16
Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 16: Geologic Processes and Hazards First Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such an agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by _____
Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Brgy. San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Franklin Galoyo, Ma. Rhoda E. Panganiban
Editors: Erwin R. Abrencillo, Jocelyn M. Manset
Reviewers: Dominic P. Almirez, Franz Kevin Manalo, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez, Jr., Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr., Cristy M. Umali, Maria Jo Ann F. Casanova, Alexandra V. Cloma
Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles, Cherry Amor Laroza, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo
Layout Artist: Elizalde L. Piol, Jocelyn M. Manset
Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas, Job S. Zape, Jr., Ramonito Elumbaring, Reicon C. Condes, Elaine T. Balaogan, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Merthel M. Evardome, Nadine C. Celindro, Nicolas M. Burgos, Mario B. Maramot, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Rosalinda A. Mendoza
Senior High School
Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module 16: Geologic Processes and Hazards
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
[illustration: hand pressing a button, icon beside the part title]
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module has one lesson:
- Lesson 2 – Geological Processes and Hazards
After going through this module, you are expected to:
- identify places in the Philippines that are prone to geologic hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides using hazard map; and
- explain why it is important to identify places that are prone to geologic hazards.
What I Know
[illustration: hand holding a pencil, icon beside the part title]
Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
Which of the following is an example of a geologic hazard?
- A. earthquakes
- B. flood
- C. tornado
- D. tropical cyclone
Where can you find the Pacific Ring of Fire?
- A. Arctic Ocean
- B. Atlantic Ocean
- C. Indian Ocean
- D. Pacific Ocean
What do you call the point of origin of an earthquake located just above the focus?
- A. convergent
- B. divergent
- C. epicenter
- D. transform
Which type of map shows the risk of a particular area to a certain threat?
- A. hazard
- B. physical
- C. resource
- D. topographic
What type of hazard is climate and weather related?
- A. anthropogenic
- B. biological
- C. ergonomic
- D. natural
What refers to the movement of rock, debris, and soil down a slope?
- A. landslide
- B. tsunami
- C. typhoon
- D. volcanic eruption
Which of the following geologic features makes the provinces of La Union and Pangasinan high risk to earthquakes?
- A. Iba Fault
- B. Lianga Fault
- C. Manila Trench
- D. Tablas Fault
Which of the following is responsible for plate movement?
- A. gravitational force
- B. radiation emitted by the Sun
- C. convection current in mantle
- D. attraction from the moon
Which of the following is NOT a geologic hazard?
- A. earthquakes
- B. landslides
- C. typhoon
- D. volcanic eruptions
Which of the following areas is the LEAST prone to earthquakes?
- A. Cavite
- B. Ifugao
- C. La Union
- D. Tarlac
Which of the following areas has the HIGHEST risk of volcanic-related disaster?
- A. Albay
- B. Bataan
- C. Biliran
- D. Sulu
Which of the following areas is LEAST at risk of landslide?
- A. Batangas
- B. Cebu
- C. La Union
- D. Manila
Which of the following is an example of natural hazard?
- A. climate change
- B. deforestation
- C. landslide
- D. mining
Which of the following factors makes the province of Benguet at risk of an earthquake?
- A. bodies of water around
- B. high population
- C. presence of trees
- D. topography and mountains
Why do you think the Visayas islands are NOT at risk to earthquakes?
- A. lack of fault lines
- B. lack of mountains
- C. the presence of islands
- D. the presence of plains
Lesson 2 Geological Processes and Hazards
The Philippines is an archipelago that is made up of 7641 islands and home to world-renown natural wonders and pristine water bodies. The country is in a unique location because it rests in the Pacific Typhoon Belt and Pacific’s earthquake and volcano Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire is a home to over 75% of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes. Because of its geographic location, the Philippines is among the greatest hazard and disaster-prone countries in the world.
What’s In
The Philippines is no stranger to natural hazards. Every year, thousands to millions of Filipinos are extremely affected by all forms of hazards such as earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. These natural hazards may result in multiple disasters.
Activity 1: Cause and Effect
Directions. Supply the blank boxes with the causes and effects from the given geologic hazards.
| Geologic Hazard | Causes | Effects |
|---|---|---|
| Volcanic Eruptions | ||
| Landslides | ||
| Earthquakes |
What’s New
Geologic Process
Geological processes can be described as natural forces that shape the physical makeup of a planet. These forces cause movements of plates in the Earth’s crust, the area where humankind lives. As these processes occur from time to time, it poses a continuous source of hazards to people, community and society.
Hazards
A hazard is a phenomenon caused by natural or human forces which poses threat to humans, animals, properties and environment. For instance, since the Philippines is located within the Ring of Fire, the country experiences many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions compared to other countries. This makes the country one of the most hazard-prone countries in the world.
Hazards can be classified as either natural or anthropogenic.
Natural: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and tsunamis (climate and weather-related hazards)
Anthropogenic: Deforestation, mining and climate change (man-made)
Hazard Map
It is a map that illustrates the areas that are exposed or prone to a particular hazard. They are used for natural hazards such as landslides, flooding, volcanic eruption and tsunami. It is also used to mitigate the potential negative effects of these hazards
Activity 2: Point me
Every year, dozens of natural disasters strike our country. Some are just passing by and some even make history because of massive destruction.
Directions. Since disasters are all over the news, what places do you think have been affected by geologic hazards for the past decade? Use the Philippine map on the right side. Write your answers on the box below.
[transcriber’s note: the answer boxes below are printed on the left side of the page, beside the map]
Earthquakes
Volcanic Eruptions
Landslides
[chart: map; PHILIPPINES PROVINCES, with numbered legend of provinces; Source: GeoCurrents]
Legend:
1 – National Capital Region; 2 – Kalinga Apayao; 3 – Abra; 4 – Mt. Province; 5 – Ifugao; 6 – Benguet; 7 – Ilocos Norte; 8 – Ilocos Sur; 9 – La Union; 10 – Pangasinan; 11 – Batanes Island; 12 – Cagayan; 13 – Isabela; 14 – Nueva Vizcaya; 15 – Quirino; 16 – Nueva Ecija; 17 – Tarlac; 18 – Zambales; 19 – Bataan; 20 – Pampanga; 21 – Bulacan; 22 – Aurora; 23 – Quezon; 24 – Rizal; 25 – Laguna; 26 – Cavite; 27 – Batangas; 28 – Marinduque; 29 – Mindoro Oriental; 30 – Mindoro Occidental; 31 – Palawan; 32 – Romblon; 33 – Camarines Norte; 34 – Camarines Sur; 35 – Catanduanes; 36 – Albay; 37 – Sorsogon; 38 – Masbate; 39 – Aklan; 40 – Antique; 41 – Capiz; 42 – Iloilo; 43 – Guimaras; 44 – Negros Occidental; 45 – Negros Oriental; 46 – Cebu; 47 – Siquijor; 48 – Bohol; 49 – Northern Samar; 50 – Eastern Samar; 51 – Western Samar; 52 – Biliran; 53 – Leyte; 54 – Southern Leyte; 55 – Zamboanga Del Norte; 56 – Zamboanga Del Sur; 57 – Basilan; 58 – Misamis Occidental; 59 – Camiguin; 60 – Misamis Oriental; 61 – Agusan Del Norte; 62 – Surigao Del Norte; 63 – Bukidnon; 64 – Agusan Del Sur; 65 – Surigao Del Sur; 66 – Davao Oriental; 67 – Davao Del Norte; 68 – Davao Del Sur; 69 – South Cotabato; 70 – Sultan Kudarat; 71 – North Cotabato; 72 – Lanao Del Norte; 73 – Lanao Del Sur; 74 – Maguindanao; 75 – Sulu; 76 – Tawi-tawi
MINDANAO
Source: GeoCurrents
What is It
Now, you have learned that geologic location is the major reason why the Philippines is a hazard-prone country. The Philippine government partnered with other private institutions to reduce the risk of hazards through producing hazard maps that are publicly available. For example, the partnership of news networks with the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). This partnership shares valuable and scientific information which increases the public’s understanding on geologic hazards and risks associated with it.
Another is Manila Observatory, a private non-stock and non-profit research institution with the help of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR. This partnership produced hazard maps that show the vulnerability of the country to environmental disasters.
Geophysical map
[chart: map; THE TOP 10 PROVINCES THAT AT RISK TO EARTHQUAKES; Source: Manila Observatory and DENR]
- Surigao Del Sur
- La Union
- Benguet
- Pangasinan
- Pampanga
- Tarlac
- Ilocos Norte
- Davao Oriental
- Nueva Vizcaya
- Nueva Ecija
Surigao Del Sur and Davao Oriental are at risk to hazard due to Philippine Trench and nearby active faults, while La Union and Pangasinan are due Manila Trench. Moreover, Benguet, La Union, Nueva Vizcaya, Eastern Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija is due its location along the Philippine fault Zone. (Center for Environmental Geomatics- Manila Observatory, 2005)
Over the past decades, the PHILVOCS has recorded twelve destructive earthquakes in the Philippines that caused unimaginable effects, such as loss of properties, injuries, and thousands of deaths.
[chart: map; THE TOP 10 PROVINCES THAT AT RISK TO VULCANIC ERUPTIONS; Source: Manila Observatory and DENR]
- Camiguin
- Sulu
- Biliran
- Albay
- Bataan
- Sorsogon
- South Cotabato
- Laguna
- Camarines Sur
- Batanes
First on the rank with the highest risk is Camiguin because the land area was so small. If volcanic eruption may occur, the whole province can be affected. Sulu ranks second because it has the greatest number of active and dangerous volcanoes. (Center for Environmental Geomatics-Manila Observatory, 2005)
[chart: map; TOP 10 MOST LANDSLIDE PRONE PROVINCES OF THE PHILIPPINES; Data Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources]
- MARINDUQUE
- RIZAL
- CEBU
- LA UNION
- SOUTHER LEYTE
- BENGUET
- NUEVA VIZCAYA
- BATANGAS
- MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
- ROMBLON
Most of the provinces in the Cordillera Administrative Region are included in the list of top 10 landslide-prone areas in the Philippines. Because the entire region is situated in and around Cordillera Mountain ranges. So, after massive and continuous rain or earthquakes, certain areas on the hills and mountains become delicate and weak which makes the region exposed to landslides as well as to other provinces that is why their area is classified as rugged and mountainous with prominent flat lands.
What’s More
Activity 3: Identify me
Directions. Using the hazard map found on the previous pages, answer the following questions.
- Identify the top 3 places in the Philippines that are hazard-prone to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides. Justify your answers why they are most prone.
- What is the importance of using a hazard map?
Refer to scoring rubrics for short answer question.
What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Complete me
Directions. Read the following statements and complete them by filling in with the correct term and/or phrase.
- The Philippines experiences more earthquakes and volcanic eruptions because it is located in the _____.
- Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are known as _____ type of hazards.
- Surigao Del Sur and Davao Del Norte are at risk of hazard due to _____ and _____.
- Camiguin has the highest risk of effects of a volcanic eruption because the land area is too _____.
- Man-made hazards are classified as _____.
What I Can Do
Activity 5: Hazard identification
Directions. Identify hazardous places during or after earthquakes in the following locations.
- Home
- Classroom and school building
- Community (e.g. barangay, municipality or provinces)
The answer must be something similar to this:
In the community: Damaged roads and bridges.
Refer to scoring rubrics for short answer question.
Assessment
Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
Which of the following is an example geologic hazard?
A. earthquakes
B. climate change
C. deforestation
D. miningWhich of the following maps is used to identify a place that is prone to disaster?
A. hazard
B. physical
C. resource
D. topographicHow do you classify climate- and weather-related hazards?
A. anthropogenic
B. biological
C. chemical
D. naturalWhich of the following geologic features makes the provinces of La Union and Pangasinan are at risk to earthquakes?
A. Iba Fault
B. Lianga Fault
C. Manila Fault
D. Tablas FaultWhich of the following provinces has the highest risk of volcanic eruptions based on the DENR and Manila observatory report?
A. Bataan
B. Camiguin
C. Laguna
D. SorsogonWhich of the following is NOT among the provinces with high proneness to landslide?
A. Cebu
B. La Union
C. Metro Manila
D. Mountain provinceWhich of the following is NOT included in the group?
A. earthquakes
B. landslides
C. mining
D. tsunamisWhich of the following areas is LEAST prone to earthquakes?
A. Ifugao
B. La Union
C. Palawan
D. TarlacWhich of the following provinces has the HIGHEST risk of volcanic-related hazard?
A. Batangas
B. Batanes
C. Laguna
D. SuluWhich of the following is NOT an example of geologic hazards?
A. earthquakes
B. landslides
C. tropical cyclones
D. volcanic eruptionsWhere can you find the Ring of Fire?
A. Arctic Ocean
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific OceanWhich of the following is an example of geologic hazard?
A. earthquakes
B. flood
C. tornado
D. tropical cycloneWhat refers to the movement of rock, debris, and soil down a slope?
A. earthquakes
B. landslide
C. typhoon
D. volcanic eruptionsWhy do you think that the majority of the Cordillera Administrative Region are included in the most landslide prone provinces in the Philippines? Because it is
A. near the sea
B. situated near active volcanoes
C. near in mountain ranges
D. near NCRWhich of the following areas is LEAST prone to earthquakes?
A. Cavite
B. Ifugao
C. Tarlac
D. Union
Additional Activities
Activity 6: Interview me
Directions. Interview a family member, a relative, neighbor or anyone who experienced geologic hazards and answer the questions below. Limit your answer in 2-3 sentences.
- Have you ever experienced any form of geologic hazards such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides? How did you feel? What did you do during and after the situation?
- If you have never experienced any form of hazards, look for someone who was able to witness and experience it first-hand. Ask them their feelings and thoughts during and after the hazard event. Also, ask them the things they did during and after the scenario.
Refer to scoring rubrics for short answer question.
Answer Key
[transcriber’s note: the answer key page is printed upside down; its sections are transcribed below in the module’s reading order]
What I Know
- A
- D
- C
- A
- D
- A
- C
- C
- C
- A
- D
- D
- C
- D
- A
What’s In
Activity 1
Cause: Possible answers
Earthquakes when rock underground – suddenly breaks along a fault.
Volcanic Eruptions of tectonic plates movement – causing magma to rise to the surface.
Landslides Slow weathering of rocks, – soil erosion, earthquakes and volcanic activity
Effects: Answers may vary among students
What’s New
Activity 2
Answers may vary among students
What’s More
Activity 3
Earthquakes: Surigao Del Sur, La Union, and Benguet
Volcanic eruptions: Camiguin, Sulu, and Biliran
Landslides: Marinduque, Rizal and,Cebu
Hazard map expose areas that are at risk to certain hazards.
What I Have Learned
Activity 4
- Ring of fire
- Natural
- Philippine trench, active faults
- Small
- Anthropogenic
What I Can Do
Activity 5
Answers may vary among students
Assessment
- A
- A
- D
- C
- B
- C
- C
- C
- D
- C
- D
- A
- B
- C
- A
Additional Activities
Activity 6
Answers may vary among students
Rubrics for short answer
| CRITERIA | 3 Above Expectation | 2 Meets Expectation | 1 Below Expectation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis | Response provide an in-depth analysis of the questions given. Shows an understanding of the lesson content. Examples were given to explain the concept presented. | Response provides an analysis of the questions given. Shows a little understanding of the lesson content. Examples were not given to explain the concept presented. | Response does not provide an analysis of the questions given. Shows no understanding of the lesson content. Examples were not given to explain the concept presented |
| Clarity | The thoughts were clearly expressed. The organization of words in a sentence was clearly exemplified. | The thoughts were slightly clear. The organization of words in a sentence was not exemplified clearly. | The thoughts were unclear. There is no organization of words in a sentence. |
| Writing Skills | Clear writing, complete sentence, no errors in grammar and spelling | Clear writing, complete sentence with minimal errors in grammar and spelling | Unclear writing, incomplete sentence, ample errors in grammar and spelling |
References
Bagayas, Samantha. 2018. “Why are the Philippines and Indonesia prone to natural hazards?”. Rappler, October 19, 2018. Accessed May 19, 202. https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/214623-why-philippines-indonesia-prone-natural-hazards
Djohannelene. 2017. “Landslide Prone Area in the Philippines.” Accessed May 17, 2020.https://theresilientperspective.wordpress.com/2017/01/13/landslide-prone-area-in-the-philippines/
Dugo, Fehl. 2017. “Why is the Philippines Prone to Typhoons and Earthquakes?.”Accessed May 18, 2020. https://philpad.com/why-is-the-philippines-prone-to-typhoons-and-earthquakes/
Ellis, Jessica.2020. “What are Geological Processes?.” Accessed May 18, 2020.https://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-geological-processes.htm
Esquire Philippines. 2018.” The Philippines is the Third-Riskiest Country When it Comes to Natural Disasters.” Accessed May 18, 2020. https://www.esquiremag.ph/life/travel/world-risk-index-2017-philippines-a00203-20180502
Jacobs, Thea. 2020. “What causes a volcano to erupt, how they formed and different types of volcano revealed.” The Sun, January 16, 2020. May 19, 2020. https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/6246894/volcano-formation-erruptions-different-types/
National Curriculum and Assessment Centre, Georgia. 2012. “Teaching Disaster risk Reduction with Interactive Methods.” Accessed May 19, 2020. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/28375_28294engkatastrofebiweb2.pdf ?fbclid=IwAR377KPl7fZLYMdCEXPzorYSsSmxbY4Cwd4PLctcA_eM5IOrtsviM88QxY
Nelson, Stephen A. 2018. “Natural Hazards and Natural Disaster”. Accessed May 19,2020.http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/introduction. htm
Prevention web. 2015. “Hazard.”. Accessed May 19, 2020. https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/hazard
ProfProfsQuizzes. 2026. “Earthquakes! Phase 2 Quiz.” Accessed May 20, 2020. https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=earthquakes-phase-2-quiz&q=1
The Manila Observatory.2005. “Mapping Philippine Vulnerability to Environmental Disasters.” Accessed May 18, 2020.http://vm.observatory.ph/hazard.html
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