This is the Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 Module 17 self-learning module, Geologic Processes and Hazards, for Senior High School learners. It was developed by DepEd Region IV-A CALABARZON (First Edition, 2021). The module covers Lesson 3 and focuses on landslides: how human activities speed them up or trigger them, and how people can prepare for them.
On this page 8 sections
What learners will learn
After going through this module, learners are expected to:
- identify human activities that speed up or trigger landslides;
- explain why it is important to identify human activities that speed up or trigger landslides; and
- cite some precautionary measures in preparing for landslides.
What is a landslide?
The module defines a landslide as the movement of rock down a slope. It describes it as an event in which soil, rocks, and vegetal debris move down a slope, suddenly or slowly, because the slope is not stable enough. Landslides may happen during continuous rainfall, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions, and a sudden landslide can come with a very loud noise.
A landslide happens when the materials that make up a hill slope fail and are pulled down by gravity. Other names for it are landslips, slumps, and slope failure.
Human activities that speed up or trigger landslides
The module lists these human activities:
- Overloading slopes
- Mining, which uses explosives underground
- Excavation or displacement of rocks
- Land use, such as changing slopes to build roads, railways, buildings, and houses
- Quarrying, an open pit or excavation where building stone, slate, and similar materials are taken by cutting or blasting
- Land pollution, which includes damage to the land surface, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil through poor farming practices
- Excavation in the archaeological sense: exposing, processing, and recording archaeological remains
- Cutting trees, which can lead to deforestation and encourage landslides
Effects of landslides
Landslides cause property damage, injury, and death. They can affect water supplies, fisheries, sewage systems, forests, dams, and roads for years after a slide. Economic costs include repairing structures, loss of property value, disrupted transportation, medical costs, and indirect losses such as lost timber and fish stocks. Landslides can also affect the amount and quality of available water, and studying and stabilizing dangerous sites can be costly.
Precautionary measures for landslides
The module gives these safety tips:
- Stay alert and awake. Many debris-flow deaths happen while people are sleeping.
- If you live in an area prone to landslides and debris flows, consider leaving if it is safe to do so.
- Listen for unusual sounds of moving debris, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together.
- Near a stream or channel, watch for a sudden rise or drop in water flow, or water turning from clear to muddy.
- Be extra careful when driving, since bridges may wash out and culverts may overflow.
- Remember that strong earthquake shaking can cause landslides or make them worse.
Activities in the module
| Part | Activity | What learners do |
|---|---|---|
| What’s In | Activity 1: Loop Me In | Find excavation, explosives, land use, mining, and slopes in a word search |
| What Is It | Activity 2: List and Describe | List two human activities that cause landslides and describe how each contributes |
| What’s More | Activity 3: Share It | Share a personal landslide experience, or interview someone who has one |
| What I Have Learned | Activity 4: My Take in Landslides | Make a poster on short bond paper showing actions to reduce landslide hazards (20 points) |
| What I Have Learned | Activity 5: My Share | Explain how you as a student can help prevent landslides through information, awareness, and mitigation planning |
| Additional Activities | News article analysis | Find a landslide news article, answer what, who, when, where, why, and how, and suggest preventive measures |
The poster is scored on connection to the topic, layout and design, neatness, and organization (5 points each). Short-answer tasks use a rubric that rates analysis, clarity, and writing skills from 1 (Below Expectation) to 3 (Above Expectation).
How to use this module
- Start with the 15-item pretest (What I Know) to check what you already know.
- Work through the lesson in order: What’s In, What’s New, What Is It, What’s More, and What I Have Learned.
- Take the 15-item Assessment, then do the Additional Activities.
- Check your answers using the answer key at the end of the module.
For learners: Write all answers on a separate sheet of paper and do not mark the module. Use the answer key honestly, after you answer.
For parents: Help your child stay on schedule. For Activity 3, you may be the person they interview if you have experienced a landslide.
For teachers: Many activities have answers that vary. Use the short-answer rubric and the poster criteria in the module to score them.
Frequently asked questions
What grade level is this Earth and Life Science module for?
It is a Senior High School module for the subject Earth and Life Science, Quarter 1, Module 17.
What does Module 17 cover?
It covers Lesson 3, Geologic Processes and Hazards, which focuses on human activities that speed up or trigger landslides and the precautions people can take to prepare for them.
What human activities can trigger landslides?
The module lists overloading slopes, mining with explosives, excavation or displacement of rocks, land use such as building roads and houses on slopes, quarrying, land pollution, and cutting trees.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. The answer key covers the pretest, the word search, and the assessment. Most other activities have answers that vary and are scored with a rubric.
What should you do first when there is a landslide?
According to the module, the first reaction should be to move away from the slope. It also advises staying alert and awake and listening for unusual sounds like cracking trees or knocking boulders.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module 17: Geologic Processes and Hazards
[illustration: group of students reading and studying outdoors and at a desk, with a teacher, a lamp, and a globe]
CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 17
Copyright and Development Team
Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 17: Geologic Processes and Hazards First Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Brgy. San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Ma. Rhoda E. Panganiban
Editors: Erwin R. Abrencillo, Jocelyn M. Manset
Reviewers: Dominic P. Almirez, Franz Kevin Manalo, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez, Jr., Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr., Cristy M. Umali, Maria Jo Ann F. Casanova, Alexandra V. Cloma
Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles, Cherry Amor Laroza, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo
Layout Artist: Elizalde L. Piol, Anselma M. Ebero, Jocelyn M. Manset
Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas, Job S. Zape, Jr., Ramonito Elumbaring, Reicon C. Condes, Elaine T. Balaogan, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Merthel M. Evardome, Nadine C. Celindro, Nicolas M. Burgos, Mario B. Maramot, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Rosalinda A. Mendoza
Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module 17: Geologic Processes and Hazards
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
[illustration: hand pressing a finger on a circular button]
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module covers:
Lesson 3: Geologic Processes and Hazards
After going through this module, you are expected to:
- identify human activities that speed up or trigger landslides;
- explain why it is important to identify human activities that speed up or trigger landslides; and
- cite some precautionary measures in preparing for the landslides.
1 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 17
What I Know
[illustration: hand holding a pencil]
Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
What refers to the movement of rock down a slope?
a. debris
b. landslide
c. tsunami
d. waveWhich among the following human activities DOES NOT speed up or trigger landslide?
a. displacement of rock or excavation
b. mining
c. overloading slopes
d. planting of treesWhich of the following can trigger a landslide?
a. car accident
b. earthquake
c. fire in a house
d. wind howlWhat refers to the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains?
a. excavation
b. land pollution
c. mining
d. quarryingWhat do you call the human activity that trigger landslides using explosives?
a. excavation
b. land use
c. mining
d. quarryingWhat can you hear when there is a sudden landslide?
a. explosives
b. loud noise
c. rainwater
d. rolling thunder
2 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 17
What makes road construction a possible cause of a landslide?
a. lack of personal safety gears
b. poor sanitation among workers
c. slope excavation
d. use of heavy equipmentWhich of the following is NOT an example of land use?
a. farming
b. house construction
c. quarrying
d. surfingWhat should be the initial reaction when there is a landslide?
a. call the emergency hotline
b. move away from the slope
c. scream loudly
d. take a picture and post in internetWhich among the following can trigger a landslide even if there is no human activity present in an area?
a. forest fire
b. gravity
c. lighting
d. thunderHow does a community in an urbanized area speed up landslide?
a. planting trees
b. catching of wild animals
c. converting forest into farms
d. increasing the human populationWhich among the following factors contributed MOST to a landslide during quarrying?
a. blasting of rocks
b. polluting the rivers
c. use of heavy equipment
d. use of a variety of manpowerWhat makes a landslide dangerous to human lives?
a. It is fast and unpredictable.
b. It can slowly diminish population.
c. It is as powerful as typhoon.
d. It can be avoided by running.
3 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 17
How can a community avoid the occurrence of a landslide in the future?
a. avoid creating loud noises
b. call the emergency hotline
c. plant more trees in the slope
d. construct more buildingsWhich among the following human activities can trigger a landslide?
I. musical concert
II. building being demolished
III. woman dancing on top of a pole
IV. team of construction workers clearing trees for a new roada. I and III
b. II and IV
c. II, III and IV
d. I, II, III and IV
4 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 17
Lesson 3 Geologic Processes and Hazards
Landslide is the movement of rock down a slope where human activities play an important role in speeding up or triggering its occurrences. This module will help determine and cite some human activities that may speed up or trigger landslides.
What’s In
Activity 1: Loop Me In
What are the human activities that speed up or trigger landslides? Can you name some?
Directions. Encircle the word or group of words that speed up or trigger landslides
| O | O | L | A | N | D | U | S | E | E |
| C | V | G | R | G | S | V | L | X | S |
| U | E | E | U | R | T | W | O | P | N |
| T | G | X | R | L | C | X | P | L | O |
| T | N | C | H | H | O | Y | E | O | I |
| I | I | A | I | F | N | A | S | S | T |
| N | N | V | B | K | S | Z | D | I | A |
| G | I | A | K | L | T | R | H | V | V |
| T | M | T | L | O | R | E | V | E | A |
| R | O | I | M | P | U | S | I | S | C |
| E | R | O | O | Q | C | T | J | T | X |
| E | E | N | N | R | T | U | M | R | E |
[transcriber’s note: the word-search grid has no header row; the empty header row is included only to satisfy the table format]
Find the following:
excavation, explosives, land use, mining, slopes
What’s New
Landslide is an occurrence in which soil, rocks and vegetal debris are transported suddenly or slowly down a slope due to insufficient stability. It may happen when there is continuous rainfall, earthquakes and/or volcanic eruption accompanied by a very loud noise
Landslide can be resulted from the failure of the materials to make up the hill slope, and get driven by the force of gravity. Landslide is also known as landslips, slumps or slope failure.
Below is an image of landslide due to human activities:
[illustration: landslide on a hillside beside a road, with rock debris spilling down a cut slope and trees at left]
Figure 1. An illustration of landslide occurrence
Listed below are some of the human activities that speed up or trigger landslide:
- a. Overloading slopes
- b. Mining which uses explosives underground
- c. Excavation or displacement of rocks.
- d. Land use such as modification of slopes by construction of roads, railways, buildings, houses, etc.
- e. Quarrying which includes excavation or pit, open to the air, from which building stone, slate, or the like is obtained by cutting, blasting, etc.
- f. Land pollution which is the degradation of earth’s land surface, exploitation of minerals and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices.
- g. Excavation which pertains to exposure, processing, and recording of archaeological remains
- h. Cutting Trees that can lead to deforestation and may encourage landslide
Due to these human activities, several effects of landslides were noted. These cause property damage, injury and death and adversely affect a variety of resources. For example, water supplies, fisheries, sewage disposal systems, forests, dams and roadways can be affected for years after a slide event. The negative economic effects of landslides include the cost to repair structures, loss of property value, disruption of transportation routes, medical costs in the event of injury, and indirect costs such as lost timber and lost fish stocks. Water availability, quantity and quality can be affected by landslides. Geotechnical studies and engineering projects to assess and stabilize potentially dangerous sites can be costly.
Are we prepared in case of landslides? These are some precautionary measures to observe and follow in preparing for landslides:
- a. Stay alert and awake. Many debris-flow fatalities occur when people are sleeping.
- b. If you are in areas susceptible to landslides and debris flows, consider leaving if it is safe to do so.
- c. Listen for any unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together.
- d. If you are near a stream or channel, be alert for any sudden increase or decrease in water flow and for a change from clear to muddy water.
- e. Be especially alert when driving. Bridges may be washed out, and culverts overtop.
- f. Be aware that strong shaking from earthquakes can induce or intensify the effects of landslides.
What Is It
Activity 2: List and Describe
Directions. On the box provided below, list two (2) human activities that cause landslides. Describe each one how they contribute to the cause of such hazardous event.
| HUMAN ACTIVITIES | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|
What’s More
Activity 3: Share It
Directions. Have you experienced landslide in your community? What are the causes of such event? Share your experience. If not, kindly interview a person who has a first-hand experience to landslides and ask his feelings, thoughts and actions toward the event.
Refer to scoring rubrics for short answer question.
What I Have Learned
Activity 4: My Take in Landslides
Directions. In a short bond paper, prepare a poster showing human actions to be conducted to mitigate the hazards posed by landslides.
The following criteria will be used to evaluate the output:
| Criteria | Points |
|---|---|
| Connection to the topic | 5 points |
| Layout and design | 5 points |
| Neatness of output | 5 points |
| Organization | 5 points |
| TOTAL | 20 points |
[transcriber’s note: the criteria table has no printed header row; “Criteria | Points” is supplied for the table format]
Activity 5: My Share
Directions. People must be mindful and careful enough in doing activities that may lead to the occurrence of landslides. As a student, how will you do your part in preventing landslides as to information dissemination, awareness and mitigation planning? Write your answer in your answer sheet.
Refer to scoring rubrics for short answer question.
Assessment
Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
- Which of the following is NOT an effect of landslide?
- A. damage to property
- B. death
- C. extreme heat
- D. injury
- What refers to the use of explosives underground?
- A. excavation
- B. land pollution
- C. mining
- D. quarrying
- What refers to the movement of rock down a slope?
- A. debris
- B. landslide
- C. tsunami
- D. wave
- What will you do when there is a sudden landslide?
- A. stay cool
- B. wait for the rescue
- C. call the neighbor
- D. stay alert and awake
- What makes railway and building construction a possible cause of a landslide?
- A. slope excavation
- B. use of heavy equipment
- C. lack of personal safety gears
- D. poor sanitation among workers
- Which among the following human activities speed up or trigger landslide?
- A. cooking
- B. mining
- C. planting of trees
- D. watering the plants
- Which of following is the human activity that trigger landslides using excavation or pit?
- A. excavation
- B. land use
- C. mining
- D. quarrying
- Which of the following is an example of land use?
- A. construction of houses
- B. parasailing
- C. scuba
- D. surfing
- What should be the initial reaction when there is a landslide?
- A. scream loudly
- B. move away from the slope
- C. call the emergency hotline
- D. take a picture and post in internet
- Which among the following can trigger a landslide even if there is no human activity present in an area?
- A. forest fire
- B. gravity
- C. lighting
- D. thunder
- How does a deforestation speed up landslide?
- A. due to the planting trees
- B. due to the cutting of trees
- C. catching of wild animals
- D. increasing the human population
- Which among the following factors contributed MOST to a landslide during land pollution?
- A. blasting of rocks
- B. improper use of soil
- C. use of heavy equipment
- D. use of a variety of manpower
- What makes a landslide dangerous to human lives?
- A. It is fast and unpredictable.
- B. It can slowly diminish population.
- C.
- D. It is as powerful as typhoon.
- E. It can be avoided by running.
[transcriber’s note: the text of option C is blank in the source]
- Which among the following human activities can trigger a landslide?
- I. building being demolished
- II. musical concert
- III. team of construction workers clearing trees for a new road
- IV. woman dancing on top of a pole
- A. I and III
- B. II and IV
- C. II, III and IV
- D. I, II, III and IV
- How can a community avoid the occurrence of a landslide in the future?
- A. avoid creating loud noises
- B. call the emergency hotline
- C. plant more trees in the slope
- D. construct more buildings
Additional Activities
Directions. Look for a news article concerning the occurrence of landslides. Identify the following elements in the news article: Write your answer in your answer sheet.
Title: _____
Author: _____
Basic Information:
What? _____
Who? _____
When? _____
Where? _____
Why? _____
How? _____
If you are in the position of the authorities, youth leaders or community members, what preventive measures will you implement to address the problems presented in the article?
Answer Key
What I Know
- B
- D
- B
- A
- C
- B
- D
- D
- B
- B
- D
- C
- A
- C
- B
What’s In
Activity 1
Possible answers
explosives excavation mining land use slopes
What Is It
Activity 2
Answers may vary
What’s More
Activity 3
Answers may vary
What I Have Learned
Activity 4
Answers may vary
Activity 5
Answers may vary
Assessment
- C
- C
- B
- D
- B
- B
- D
- A
- B
- B
- B
- B
- A
- A
- C
Additional Activities
Answers may vary
Rubrics for short answer
| CRITERIA | 3 Above Expectation | 2 Meets Expectation | 1 Below Expectation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis | Response provide an in-depth analysis of the questions given. Shows an understanding of the lesson content. Examples were given to explain the concept presented. | Response provides an analysis of the questions given. Shows a little understanding of the lesson content. Examples were not given to explain the concept presented. | Response does not provide an analysis of the questions given. Shows no understanding of the lesson content. Examples were not given to explain the concept presented |
| Clarity | The thoughts were clearly expressed. The organization of words in a sentence was clearly exemplified. | The thoughts were slightly clear. The organization of words in a sentence was not exemplified clearly. | The thoughts were unclear. There is no organization of words in a sentence. |
| Writing Skills | Clear writing, complete sentence, no errors in grammar and spelling | Clear writing, complete sentence with minimal errors in grammar and spelling | Unclear writing, incomplete sentence, ample errors in grammar and spelling |
References
India Environmental Portal. (1993). “Human activity causes increase in landslides.” Accessed May 23, 2020. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/10143/human-activitycauses-increase-inlandslides/?fbclid=IwAR0kEgAel6qefrlm8R8OvyRzYgHJV_dXd4vXUSq2vi8UKYf1C6xX6Xfj8G8
Ureta, Romnick. (2016). “Human actions that speed up landslides.” Accessed may 24, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/RomnickUreta/human-actions-thatspeed-up-landslides?from_action=save&fbclid=IwAR2XcM0s1Ca-YbGG2WYh0RCf8hWRcABY3R79zxbLO_S6G9F5Uoupupy6vA
USGS (2020). “Landslide Hazards Program.” Accessed June 13,2019. https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/landslide-hazards/education
Washington, D.C., 2007. “Talking About Disaster: Guide for Standard Messages.” Accessed 2012. http://disastercenter.com/New%20Guide/Landslides.html#:~:text=Landslides%20cause%20property%20damage%2C%20injury,years%20after%20a%20slide%20event.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
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Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
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