TLE 8 Home Economics Dressmaking Quarter 0 Module 3: Clean and Lubricate Machine

Technology and Livelihood Education Home Economics – Dressmaking Quarter 0 – Module 3 Clean and Lubricate Machine

[illustration: students and a teacher studying outdoors and at a desk, with a globe, a lamp, and a learner writing by lamplight]

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 8 Dressmaking Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 0-Module 3 Clean and Lubricate Machine First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Isidra C. Moral, Victoria M. Pagoyo

Editor: Geraldine F. Vergas

Reviewers: Elizabeth Bautista, Ruby C. Lumen, Ma. Ligaya C. Azarcon, Lorna L. Estal, Virginia Mahinay

Illustrator:

Layout Artists: Eljun A. Calimpusan, Peter A. Alavanza

Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas, Isidro M. Biol, Maripaz F. Magno, Josephine Chonnie M.Obseñaries, Minerva T. Albis, Imee R. Vicariato, Genevieve S. Verceles, Corazon F. Adrales

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Caraga Region

Office Address: Teacher Development Center, J.P. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600 Tel. No./Telefax: (085) 342-8207/ (085) 342-5969 E-mail Address: caraga@deped.gov.ph

Technology and Livelihood Education Home Economics – Dressmaking Quarter 0- Module 3 Clean and Lubricate Machine

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master how to perform basic maintenance of sewing equipment. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is composed of:

Lesson 1 Clean and lubricate machine

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Observe proper handling and cleaning of the sewing machine
• Resolve common machine troubles
• Follow the safety procedures in machine cleaning
• Perform regular maintenance schedules
• Develop appreciation on the importance of proper maintenance of the sewing machine

What I Know

Directions: Choose the best answer that corresponds to the question. Write the chosen letter on your TLE activity notebook.

1. Which machine is used for joining pieces of cloth together?

   • A. sewing machine
   • B. washing machine
   • C. electric machine
   • D. photocopy machine

2. Considering the order of threading in the upper part of the sewing machine, which should be done first?

   • A. put the thread down
   • B. bring the thread to the take-up lever
   • C. put the thread in the spool
   • D. bring the thread to the thread guide

3. Which of the following is NOT needed when cleaning the sewing machine?

   • A. tweezers
   • B. screwdriver
   • C. brush
   • D. scissors

4. When dusting the machine, you should start from

   • A. bottom to top
   • B. top to bottom
   • C. upper to lower
   • D. lower to upper

5. When is the proper schedule of oiling the sewing machine if not used regularly?

   • A. once a week
   • B. once a month
   • C. once a year
   • D. every other day

6. What part of the sewing machine that should be avoided during the application of oil?

   • A. tension dial
   • B. rubber ring
   • C. stitch regulator
   • D. stop motion screw

7. A machine problem that will occur when there is an incorrect size of needle or thread is:

   • A. fabric jams
   • B. needle break
   • C. seam pucker
   • D. skipped stitches

8. When your needle is dull, the usual trouble that you may encounter includes;

   • A. skipping stitches
   • B. looping stitches
   • C. thread breaks
   • D. all of these

9. Which of the following is NOT a good remedy when the needle breaks?

   • A. check the threading
   • B. oil the machine
   • C. change the thread
   • D. none of the above

10. What could be the reason if the fabric does not move when sewing?

    • A. feed dog is not in the proper sewing position
    • B. too long stitches
    • C. too heavy pressure
    • D. needle breaks

11. Consider the following tips before oiling the machine, except one.

    • A. ensure that the machine is turned off
    • B. oil the machine many times
    • C. locate oil holes
    • D. wipe all dust

12. Why do we need to have regular maintenance of the sewing machine?

    • A. for 100% efficiency
    • B. for mastery
    • C. for quality
    • D. none of the above

13. How would you classify the trouble if it involves incorrectly attaching of accessories and supplies that require a little oil?

    • A. minor sewing machine trouble
    • B. major sewing machine trouble
    • C. inner sewing machine trouble
    • D. lower sewing machine trouble

14. When are you going to change the machine needle?

    • A. every time you have a new project
    • B. if it breaks
    • C. if it is dull
    • D. all of these

15. Improper threading of your machine could lead to sewing machine trouble which is?

    • A. thread breaks
    • B. skipping stitches
    • C. looping stitches
    • D. puckered stitches

Lesson 3 Clean and Lubricate Machine

What’s In

Before we proceed to our new lesson, let us check first how far have you learned your previous lesson. Answer activity 1 to recall the different body measurements.

Activity 1. Memory Recall

Directions: Answer the statements below. Hints are given through the scrambled letters before each number. Write your answers on your activity notebook.

_____ (LATIVCER) 1. The type of measurement which is taken from the top of the figure to its base.

_____ (TSUB) 2. Taken around your body crossing over the fullest part of your bust.

_____ (ELVESE THLENG) 3. Taken from the shoulder tip point down to the desired length of sleeve.

_____ (LOUDERSH) 4. A measurement which is taken from one shoulder point to the other.

_____ (TWAIS) 5. This is taken around the smallest part of the waistline.

What’s New

Sewing job is truly amusing and satisfying if you put your mind and heart in it. The task becomes easy and pleasurable if you are already familiar and have prior knowledge of the skills you are about to learn. Before we move on to the next lesson, let us try to assess first your background about sewing machines.

Activity 1. Assessing prior skill

Directions: Read the questions then place a check in each box to indicate your answers. Use your TLE activity notebook to record your responses.

Do you know :	Yes	No
1. how to operate the sewing machine?
2. how to thread the sewing machine?
3. the function of each part of the sewing machine?
4. how to clean your sewing machine?
5. the proper way of oiling the machine?
6. how to resolve common sewing machine troubles?
7. how to set the sewing machine in its proper sewing position?
8. the tools used in cleaning the machine?
9. how to determine the causes of troubles in the machine?
10. the proper maintenance of the swing machine?

Legend:

Number of YES responses	Interpretation
7 – 10	Expert
4 – 6	Advanced
1 – 3	Beginner

What is It

LO2. Clean and Lubricate Machine

LO 2.1 Observe proper handling and cleaning of the machine

Sewing Machine is used for joining pieces of cloth together. It has a needle that is operated either by turning a handle or by electricity. Sewing machines need to be cleaned, maintained and cared properly to provide better performance and lasting satisfaction.

Knowledge of proper handling and cleaning of the machine will enable one to determine the appropriate maintenance and causes of troubles when it breaks down.

The following should be observed and handled correctly to maintain a functional sewing machine:

I. Threading the machine:

Correct machine stitching is easy to achieve if you set the machine properly. It involves threading the upper part and lower parts of the sewing machine. A student in dressmaking must learn how to thread the head of the sewing machine since this is the first step in becoming a competent operator.

In threading the upper part and lower part, the thread must pass through the various thread guides so that the machine will sew the desired stitches properly.

A. Order of threading in the upper part:

1. Spool Pin
2. Upper thread guide
3. Between metal disc of tension
4. Thread take-up lever
5. Lower thread guide
6. Machine needle

Steps:

a. Place the thread on the spool pin. b. Bring the thread to the thread guide. c. Pull the thread on the metal disc of the upper tension. d. Bring the thread up to the thread take-up lever and raise it as it goes. e. Pull the thread through to the thread guide. f. Pull it through the lower thread guide.

B. Threading the lower parts of the sewing machine

Steps:

a. Remove the bobbin case by pulling on the bobbin case latch. b. Take the bobbin from the bobbin case and wind the thread. c. Place the bobbin back to the bobbin case and pull the thread through the little slot at 4 inches. d. You’ll hear a click sound inside the shuttle once the bobbin is inserted correctly. e. Start the machine by moving the balance wheel forward to get the thread from the bobbin through the needle. 7.Pull the lower and the upper thread together by 4 inches.

II. Cleaning and lubricating the machine

Dust your sewing machine from top to bottom, to make sure the dust transfers downwards. Usually, the dust will accumulate where your bobbin is placed and in the needle plate. Remove the needle plate using your screwdriver, and use the brush to sweep out the dust and lint. Although it is tempting, don’t blow on your machine to clear the dust.

[photo: tweezers, brush, small screwdriver, and machine oil bottle] Image captured by: Isidra Moral

The main things you’ll need when cleaning the machine are the following:

• tweezers;
• brush;
• small screwdriver; and
• machine oil.

It is necessary to apply oil to the sewing machine periodically. If you will use the machine every day, lubricate it once a week. If the machine is not used regularly, you may oil it once a month. The regularity of applying oil depends on its use, and sometimes on the material sewn. To oil systematically, remove the upper thread, needle plate, slide plate, faceplate, bobbin case, presser foot, and needle. Apply the sewing machine oil in all oil holes and joints where one part rubs against another. One or two drops of oil are enough for each point. While oiling, turn the flywheel back and forth to enable the flow of the oil to different moving parts. It is essential to put oil in the shuttle case. Tilt the head of the machine to oil the points on the base. For a treadle machine, the belt will have to be removed first before tilting the machine head. Do not oil the tension dial, the handwheel release, or the belts and rubber rings on any machine.

To keep the sewing machine as clean as possible, always close it when not in use.

LO 2.2 Resolve Common Sewing Machine Troubles

The sewing machine is one of the most difficult machines to master. When there is a defect in the machine, there must be a cause of it. Simple negligence can affect its proper function, which ultimately will lead to a compromise in the quality of its normal condition. Until we come to know the causes of machine trouble, we call it a sewing machine problem. To take preventive action against these common causes, a machinist must know the possible remedies of the common causes.

Classifications of Sewing Machine Troubles

If the sewing machine in your laboratory is kept in good condition and is carefully adjusted and correctly threaded, not too many things can go wrong. But certain difficulties occur during an operation, so you should learn to classify, which is minor and common problems as well as the causes of troubles and remedies. There are two classifications of sewing machine troubles, namely:

1. Minor sewing machine trouble

This trouble refers to problems that arise involving incorrectly attached accessories or supplies, unadjusted tensions, and accessories that require a little dusting or oiling.

2. Major sewing machine trouble

This trouble involves replacing or removing damaged spare parts that cause the sewing machine not to function totally.

Common Sewing Machine Troubles, Causes, and Remedies:

Machine troubles	Causes	Remedies
1. Machine runs noisily	• insufficient oil • loose screw • thread or dust the clogged in the shuttle race	• Apply oil • tighten loose screw • clean the shuttle race before oiling
2. Machine rotates heavily	• too tight belt • insufficient oil • bearings or shuttle race is clogged with dust or thread	• change belt if already old • oil the arm shaft • clean the shuttle race and bearing, then oil
3. Needle thread breaks	• improper threading • tight tension • thread too coarse • needle blunt set incorrectly • presser foot not properly adjusted	• check the threading, changes the texture of thread, and attach the needle properly to the needle bar (flat side of the needle should face the needle bar). • use correct presser foot, check if the presser foot is secured and

transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page

Machine troubles	Causes	Remedies
	• poor quality thread • the seam may be too thick or heavy • bobbin case turns • fabric is pulled forcibly • the needle may be bent • size of needle • tension	properly fastened • if the seam is too heavy, change the needle to correct size • check the bobbin case position, and reset the shuttle race assembly • change the needle if it is bent • to prevent the needle from bending, pull the upper and lower threads toward the rear of the presser foot • don’t force the fabric, just guide it • change the size of the needle • adjust the tension
4. Stitches skip	• the needle is bent, dull or not attached properly • size of the needle did not match to the texture of the fabric • Not enough pressure on the presser foot • threading may be incorrect	• change the needle or correct positioning • change needle size and thread • increase pressure on the presser foot • check the threading
5. Stitches loop	• dull needle • improper threading • unbalance tension of the upper and lower thread • defective thread take-up lever	• use blunt needle • check the threading. If loops appeared, under the fabric, check the upper threading; adjusted the upper tension regulator; if the loops appear in the top of the fabric, check the lower threading; also check the latch spring of the bobbin case. • balance the tension of both threads • change the thread take-up lever spring.
6. Upper thread breaks	• Improper threading • Improperly attached needle • Bent or dull needle • Tight the upper thread • poor quality thread • unmatched needle	• correct threading • attached the needle correctly • change the dull needle • reset the upper tension dial • use good quality of thread and thread size or texture

transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page

Machine troubles	Causes	Remedies
7. Lower or under thread breaks	• improper winding of the thread • bent or dull needle • poor quality thread • incorrectly set	• winding the thread in the bobbin uniformly • change the needle • use good quality thread • lower the feed dog if the feed dog fabric is thin; raise the • bobbin does not feed the dog if the fabric freely turn thick • too tight bobbin • check if the bobbin is clogged case spring with dirt or thread • check if bobbin case spring is clogged with dirt • loosen the screw of the bobbin case or adjusting the tension of the upper thread
8. Seams Pucker	• the length of the stitch is too long • tension is too tight • thread and needle do not match • too high feed dog adjustment • too heavy pressure on the presser foot	• control the stitch regulator • adjust the lower and upper tension dial • use the correct size of needle and thread • change the feed dog depending on the thickness or thinness of the fabric • lessen pressure on the presser foot
9. Fabric does not move	• feed dog not in proper sewing position • stitch regulator not set on zero • too tight pressure on the presser foot	• adjust the feed dog to its proper sewing position • adjust the stitch length regulator to its desired length • add pressure to the presser foot by adjusting the pressure regulating thumb screw
10. Fabric jams in the machine	• Needle may be too big • Throat plate	• Change the size of the needle • Needs round hole plate

transcriber’s note: in the source, the remedies for row 7 are printed as lines that run into the causes column; the lines are transcribed in the order they appear.

LO 2.3 Safety Procedure in Machine Cleaning

Every time you experience trouble with your machine, try cleaning it. Some problems are caused by an accumulation of dust, lint or thread bits on the working parts of the machine. Using the machine, even when it is not functioning well, can worsen a problem.

Points to remember when applying oil to the sewing machine:

1. Before oiling, make sure that the sewing machine is turned off.
2. Oil the machine following the directions given in the machine manual. Examine the condition of all the moving parts of the machine every time you apply oil on it.
3. If a manual is not available, oil the machine according to the directions of the teacher/instructor.
4. Locate oil holes in the sewing machine. These holes are mostly identified by arrows or red or yellow paint. Apply one to two drops of oil into each hole.
5. Too much oil will clog the machine. Turn the handwheel manually so that the oil will work its way between the parts.
6. Wipe off all dust and excess oil; clean up any spilled oil immediately.
7. To remove excess oil, sew on a few fabric scraps.
8. Wash hands after oiling the machine.
9. Excess oil is a major problem that can spoil and damage the fabric.

LO 2.4 Perform regular maintenance schedules

The main purpose of regular maintenance is to ensure that all equipment required for production is operating at 100% efficiency at all times. Through short daily inspections, cleaning, lubricating, and making minor adjustments, minor problems can be detected and corrected before they become a major problem. A good maintenance program requires participation and support by everyone because the cost of regular maintenance is minimal compared to the expenses incurred of a major breakdown.

Sewing Machine cleaning and service schedule

Schedule:	Service Activity
Every time you have a new project	change needle
Every time you sew	dust outside and clean up beneath the machine; keep machine covered when not in use to decrease dust settling
Once a month	-clean the inner part of the bobbin assembly and case, the tension disks, and under the throat plate; oil all necessary parts. -run the length of thread soaked in alcohol through the tension disks to collect any bits of fluff that your cleaning missed

transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page

Schedule:	Service Activity
Once every two years	take your machine to the service center for a standard check-up and maintenance
Every time you sew	clean underneath the machine, dust off any lint, and keep it covered if not in use.
Once every two weeks	clean the inner portion of the machine, removing all lint and particles
Once every four months	replace cutting blades and other worn-out parts at this time, especially if you’re a heavy user.

Last tip: Use the best thread as much as possible. Better-quality threads have less fluff and breakage and will not directly affect the interior of your machine.

What’s More

Activity 1. Proper Order of Threading

Directions: Arrange logically the steps in threading the upper and lower parts of the machine. Put number 1 for the first step, 2 for the second step, and so on. Write your answers on your activity notebook.

A. Threading the upper part:

1. _____ Pull it through the lower thread guide
2. _____ Bring the thread to the thread guide.
3. _____ Bring the thread up to the thread take-up lever. and raise it as it goes.
4. _____ Place the spool of thread on the spool pin
5. _____ Pull the thread through to the thread guide.
6. _____ Pull the thread on the metal disc of the upper tension.

B. Threading the lower part

1. _____ Remove the bobbin case.
2. _____ Pull the upper and lower thread together.
3. _____ Remove the bobbin and wind the thread.
4. _____ Start the machine by rolling the balance wheel to get the thread from the bobbin to the needle.
5. _____ Inserting the bobbin case to the shuttle.
6. _____ Place the bobbin back to the bobbin case.

Activity 2. Remediating

Below are some machine troubles encountered in operating the sewing machines. State the proper remedy to ensure a functional machine. Use another sheet of paper to record your answers.

Troubles	Remedies
1. The machine does not stitch
2. Noisy machine
3. Looping and puckered stitches
4. Needle breaks
5. Heavy rotation of the sewing machine

What I Have Learned

Activity 1. Basic Troubleshooting

Directions: Look for a house in your neighborhood that has a sewing machine, or a dress shop. Try to study the condition of the machine/s and determine if there are sewing machine troubles, then suggest a remedy. Record your discoveries following the table below. Use your activity notebook to write your answer.

Name:
Date:
Sewing machine number/owner:

Trouble/s	Cause/s	Remedies
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What I Can Do

Activity 1. Actual Threading

Directions: Apply the correct steps in threading the machine for 3 minutes. Follow the correct order when threading. You may record/video your performance and submit output to your teacher:

a. Threading the upper part (15 pts) b. Threading the lower part (15 pts)

Your output will be rated using the following criteria:

Criteria	Excellent 5	Very Satisfactory 4	Satisfactory 3	Fairly Satisfactory 2	Needs Improvement 1	Score
1.Knowledge (5pts)	Procedures were followed from 1st up to the last step.	Some of the procedures were omitted	Few of the procedures were not followed	Most of the procedures were not followed	Did not follow any of the procedures
2. Speed (5 pts)	Finished ahead of time	Finished on time	Finished but late by three minutes	Finished but late for more than 5 minutes	Did not finish
3.Assistance Required (5 pts)	Did not need assistance	Needed assistance once	Needed assistance twice	Needed assistance four to five times	Needed assistance most of the time

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. When your needle is dull, the usual trouble that you may encounter includes;
   A. skipping stitches
   B. looping stitches
   C. thread breaks
   D. all of these

   
   

2. Which among the following is NOT needed when cleaning the sewing machine?
   A. tweezers
   B. screwdriver
   C. brush
   D. scissors

   
   

3. Considering the order of threading in the upper part of the sewing machine, which should be done first?
   A. put the thread down
   B. bring the thread to the take-up lever
   C. put the thread in the spool
   D. bring the thread to the thread guide

   
   

4. When is the proper schedule of oiling the sewing machine if not used regularly?
   A. once a week
   B. once a month
   C. once a year
   D. every other day

   
   

5. When dusting the machine, you should start from?
   A. bottom to top
   B. top to bottom
   C. upper to lower
   D. lower to upper

   
   

6. Which part of the sewing machine that should be avoided when applying oil?
   A. tension dial
   B. rubber ring
   C. stitch regulator
   D. stop motion screw

   
   

7. A machine problem that will occur when there is an incorrect size of needle or thread is:
   A. fabric jams
   B. needle break
   C. seam pucker
   D. skipped stitches

   
   

8. Which of the following is NOT a good remedy when the needle breaks?
   A. check the threading
   B. oil the machine
   C. change the thread
   D. none of the above

   
   

9. What would be the reason if the fabric does not move when sewing?
   A. feed dog is not in the proper sewing position
   B. too long stitches
   C. too heavy pressure
   D. needle breaks

   
   

10. Consider the following tips before oiling the machine, except one.
    A. ensure that the machine is turned off
    B. oil the machine many times
    C. locate oil holes
    D. wipe all dust

    
    

11. Why do we need to have regular maintenance of the sewing machine?
    A. for 100% efficiency
    B. for mastery
    C. for quality
    D. none of the above

    
    

12. How would you classify the trouble if it involves incorrectly attaching of accessories and supplies that require a little oil?
    A. minor sewing machine trouble
    B. major sewing machine trouble
    C. inner sewing machine trouble
    D. lower sewing machine trouble

    
    

13. When are you going to change the machine needle?
    A. every time you have a new project
    B. if it breaks
    C. if it is dull
    D. all of these

    
    

14. Improper threading of your machine could lead to sewing machine trouble, such as
    A. thread breaks
    B. skipping stitches
    C. looping stitches
    D. puckered stitches

    
    

15. Which machine is used for joining pieces of cloth together?
    A. washing machine
    B. sewing machine
    C. electric machine
    D. photocopy machine

    
    

Additional Activities

Activity 1

Directions: Observe a dressmaker while using/running the sewing machine, then answer the following questions:

1. Is the machine operated manually or by electricity?

---

2. How did the dressmaker take the lower thread?

---

3. Did the dressmaker encounter troubles when using the sewing machine? If yes, what remedy did he use?

---

4. Were you able to notice how the dressmaker apply oil in the sewing machine? If yes, can you state how did he do it?

---

5. Ask the dressmaker how do skipping stitches, and puckered or loose stitches look like. State your observation

---

Answer Key

[transcriber’s note: this page is printed upside down; its four columns are transcribed below in upright reading order, from left to right]

Assessment

Varied answers. (Note: the Assessment answers are listed below.)

1. D
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. B

Additional Activities

Varied answers

What I Have Learned

Varied answers

What I Can Do

Varied answers

What’s More

A- Activity 1

1. 6
2. 2
3. 4
4. 1
5. 5
6. 3

B- Activity 1

1. 1
2. 4
3. 2
4. 6
5. 5
6. 3

Activity 2

1. spool pin
2. upper thread guide
3. tension
4. thread take up lever
5. lower thread guide
6. machine needle

What I Know

1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. A
13. A
14. D
15. C

What’s In

Activity 1
Vertical

1. Bust
2. Sleeve length
3. Shoulder
4. Waist

References

Books

De Cosse, Cy. et al. 1988, Singer. USA: Contemporary Book

De Guzman, Ines A. 1993, Technology and Home Economics. Manila: Saint Bernadette Publications

Dressmaking: Home Economics (HE) – Dressmaking /Tailoring, Department of Education

Internet

“Care and Maintenance of Sewing Machine” NCERT, 2019
Retrieved from
http://ncert.nic.in/vocational/pdf/ivsm104.pdf on May 30, 2020

Jesse D. Dagoon et al. “Technology and Home Economics for First Year,” Retrieved from https://www.textileschool.com/311/qualityand-uses-of-stitch-types/ on April 23, 2020

Krar, Steve. “The importance of maintenace”
Retrieved from
https://www.automationmag.com/images/stories/LWTech-files/94%20Intelligent%20Systems.pdf on June 3, 2020

Captured Image

“Cleaning Tools,” Image captured by: Isidra Moral

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