This is a self-learning module for Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE), Home Economics – Cookery. It is Module 3.2, “Abbreviations, Equivalents and Conversions,” from DepEd Caraga Region’s Alternative Delivery Mode series (First Edition, 2020). It teaches learners to read the measurement abbreviations in recipes and to convert between cups, spoons, ounces, grams, milliliters, and oven temperatures.
On this page 8 sections
What learners will learn
The module has one lesson, LO 3.2 Abbreviations, Equivalents and Conversions (TLE_HECK7/8PM-Od-4). After it, learners should be able to:
- Give abbreviations and equivalents of measurements (3.2.1)
- Convert systems of measurement according to recipe requirements (3.2.2)
Key terms
- Abbreviation: a shortened form of a word or phrase, such as “tbsp” for tablespoon.
- Equivalent: something equal to another in value, amount, or function, such as 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons.
- Conversion: a quantity in one set of units expressed as an equivalent in another set, such as 1 cup = 237 ml.
The module also stresses knowing which units measure weight and which measure volume, so you can pick the right measuring tool.
Common cooking abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Unit |
|---|---|
| C, c | Cup |
| g | Gram |
| kg | Kilogram |
| L, l | Liter |
| lb | Pound |
| mL, ml | Milliliter |
| oz | Ounce |
| pt | Pint |
| t, tsp | Teaspoon |
| T, tbsp | Tablespoon |
| gal | Gallon |
Measuring equivalents
These are the module’s main kitchen equivalents:
- 1 Tbsp = 3 tsp
- 1 c = 16 T = 48 t
- 1/4 c = 4 T; 1/2 c = 8 T; 3/4 c = 12 T
- 1/3 c = 5 T plus 1 t; 2/3 c = 10 T plus 2 t
- 8 fluid ounces = 1 c
- 1 pt = 2 c; 1 qt = 2 pt = 4 c; 1 gal = 4 qt
- 16 oz = 1 lb
- 1 ml = 1 cc; 1 inch = 2.54 cm
U.S. and metric conversions
The module’s conversion tables, citing the U.S. Department of Agriculture, include:
| U.S. | Metric |
|---|---|
| 1 tsp | 5 ml |
| 1 Tbsp | 15 ml |
| 1 fluid oz | 30 ml |
| 1 c | 237 ml (about 240 ml) |
| 4 c | 0.95 liter |
| 1 oz | 28 grams |
| 1 pound | 454 grams |
Going the other way: 1 gram = 0.035 oz, 100 g = 3.5 oz, 500 grams = 1.10 lb, 1 kilogram = 2.205 lb, and 1 L = about 4.2 cups or 1.06 quarts.
Temperature conversion
- Celsius to Fahrenheit: multiply by 1.8, then add 32. Example: 125°C = (125 x 1.8) + 32 = 257°F.
- Fahrenheit to Celsius: subtract 32, then divide by 1.8. Example: 300°F = (300 − 32) / 1.8 = 149°C.
The module includes an oven chart, from 225°F (110°C, very low) to 475°F (240°C, very hot), with gas marks. For example, 350°F (180°C, gas mark 4) is moderate, and 400°F (200°C, gas mark 6) is moderately hot. Useful facts: water boils at 100°C or 212°F, freezes at 0°C or 32°F, and the two scales meet at −40°.
How to use this module
The module follows the usual self-learning module parts:
- What I Know: a 15-item multiple-choice pretest.
- What’s In: a review of Module 3.1, where you explain how to measure flour, white sugar, oatmeal, honey, and margarine.
- What’s New: write the abbreviations of 10 units.
- What is It: the discussion and tables summarized above.
- What’s More: convert measures to teaspoons, metric to U.S. units, and Celsius to Fahrenheit, and give abbreviations.
- What I Have Learned: fill in the blanks on the key terms and formulas.
- What I Can Do: give equivalent measures for real ingredients, such as 250 grams of starch in ounces, and suggest substitutes for ingredients like sour cream and cream of tartar.
- Assessment: a 15-item post-test.
- Additional Activities: convert the ingredients of a Maja Blanca recipe into milliliters.
Learners: write all answers on a separate sheet or in your TLE notebook, not on the module. Keep the conversion tables handy while you answer.
Parents: help your child practice with real measuring cups and spoons at home.
Teachers: an answer key is included, but its section names and activity numbers do not match the activities in the module. Some pretest and post-test answers also conflict with the module’s own tables. For example, the key gives “A. Tbsp” as the abbreviation for teaspoon. Check each answer against the tables before using the key for checking.
Frequently asked questions
What grade is this cookery module for?
It is for Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education, Home Economics – Cookery. It was produced by DepEd Caraga Region as part of its Alternative Delivery Mode series.
What competency does Module 3.2 cover?
It covers LO 3.2 Abbreviations, Equivalents and Conversions (TLE_HECK7/8PM-Od-4): giving abbreviations and equivalents of measurements and converting measurements according to recipe requirements.
How many tablespoons are in one cup?
According to the module, 1 cup equals 16 tablespoons, which is also 48 teaspoons.
How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?
Multiply the Celsius temperature by 1.8, then add 32. For example, 125°C becomes 257°F.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes, but its labels do not match the activity numbers, and some answers conflict with the module’s own tables. Teachers should check each answer before using it.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Technology and Livelihood Education: Home Economics – Cookery, Quarter 0 – Module 3.2 Abbreviations, Equivalents and Conversions
CO_Q2_TLE 8_Cookery_ Module 3.2
8
Technology and Livelihood Education
Home Economics – Cookery
Quarter 0 – Module 3.2
Abbreviations, Equivalents and Conversions
[illustration: students studying at home with a globe, a lamp, and a teacher at a desk]
CO_Q2_TLE 8_Cookery_ Module 3.2
TLE Cookery – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 0 – Module 3.2: Abbreviation, Equivalents and Conversion First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Ryan A. Tanjay, Nerie D. Contreras
Editor: Geraldine F. Vergas
Reviewers: Elizabeth A. Bautista, Ruby C. Limen, Ma. Ligaya C. Azarcon, Lorna L. Estal, Leonila J. Floria, Virginia T. Mahinay
Layout Artist: Eljun A. Calimpusan
Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas, IsidroM. Biol, Josephine Chonnie M.Obseñaries, Maripaz F. Magno, Minerva T. Albis, PhD, Imee R. Vicariato, Genevieve S. Verceles, Corazon F. Adrales
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Caraga Region
Office Address: Teacher Development Center, J.P. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600 Tel. No./Telefax: (085) 342-8207/ (085) 342-5969 E-mail Address: caraga@deped.gov.ph
8
Technology and Livelihood Education
Home Economics – Cookery
Quarter 0 – Module 3.2
Abbreviatons, Equivalents and Conversions
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written to better perform mensuration and calculations. It will help the learner master the nature of mensuration and calculation. The scope of this module will be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of learners. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the module. But the order of teaching or using can be changed to correspond with the textbook and references you will be using.
The module has one lesson;
LO. 3.2 Abbreviations, Equivalents and Conversions
(TLE_HECK7/8PM-Od-4)
After going through this module, you are expected to:
3.2.1 Give abbreviations and equivalents of measurements 3.2.2 Convert system of measurements according to recipe requirements
CO_Q2_TLE 8_Cookery_ Module 3.2
What I Know
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1/2 oz.= _____ g?
- A. 15
- B. 16
- C. 10
- D. 8
1 kg = ______ g?
- A. 500
- B. 1000
- C. 700
- D. 800
What is the Abbreviation for Tablespoon?
- A. Tbsp.
- B. Tsp.
- C. Tbps.
- D. Tpsb.
What is the Abbreviation for Teaspoon?
- A. Tbsp
- B. Tsp.
- C. Tbps.
- D. Tpsb.
What is the Abbreviation for Pounds?
- A. Kg.
- B. Oz.
- C. Lb.
- D. Cm.
A change in the units or form of number or expression.
- A. Metric system
- B. Conversion
- C. Quantity
- D. Symbol
How many tablespoons in 1 cup of dry ingredients?
- A. 19 tbsp.
- B. 18 tbsp.
- C. 17 tbsp.
- D. 16 tbsp.
How many cups is the 500 ml water?
- A. 2 cups
- B. 3 cups
- C. 4 cups
- D. 5 cups
How ounces in 1 gram of nutmeg?
- A. 0.035 oz
- B. 0.045 oz
- C. 0.055 oz
- D. 0.065 oz
One tablespoon of ingredients is equal to?
- A. two teaspoon
- B. three teaspoon
- C. four teaspoon
- D. five teaspoon
- One pint of flour is equal to many cups?
- A. 2 cups
- B. 3 cups
- C. 4 cups
- D. 5 cups
- One galloon of vinegar is equal to?
- A. 2 quarts
- B. 4 quarts
- C. 6 quarts
- D. 8 quarts
- 1 L = _____ ml?
- A. 500
- B. 200
- C. 300
- D. 600
- 250°F = ______°C?
- A. 150
- B. 160
- C. 200
- D. 120
- 2 c = _____ T?
- A. 14
- B. 15
- C. 16
- D. 17
Lesson 1: Abbreviatons, Equivalents and Conversions
What’s In
The module 3.1 was designed and written to better perform measuring techniques of ingredients. Let us determine how much you already know about measuring techniques of ingredients. Take this pre – test.
Directions: Explain briefly your answers to the following questions and write them on your TLE Activity notebook. How will you measure the following ingredients?
- A. flour
- B. white sugar
- C. oatmeal
- D. honey
- E. margarine
Are miscellaneous measures important? Why?
What’s New
It’s useful to know which unit of measurement is being referred to in a recipe abbreviation, but it’s just as important to recognize which are measurements of weight and which refer to volume. Knowing the difference will help you choose the correct measuring tools and increase your chances of successfully executing your dish. Below are the different common measurements used in cooking, to know your stock knowledge on the topic, please answer the table below.
[transcriber’s note: the table referred to here does not appear on this page]
Directions: Give the abbreviation of the following: Write your answers on your TLE notebook.
Give the abbreviations of the following:
| Unit of Measure | Abbreviations |
|---|---|
| 1. Tablespoon | |
| 2. Grams | |
| 3. Pounds | |
| 4. Kilogram | |
| 5. Teaspoon | |
| 6. Cup | |
| 7. Liter | |
| 8. Ounce | |
| 9. Pint | |
| 10.Millilitre |
What is It
How many times have you been ready to cook and found you were out of a certain ingredient? Experienced having trouble of reading the units because it is new to you?
Some of the ingredient are measured and labelled using only their units. In this part of the module, common measurements and their corresponding units, their equivalents to other system of measures and how to convert them to other units of equivalent. But first, let us define the following terms:
Abbreviation – a shortened form of a word or phrase
Equivalents – a thing that is equal to or corresponds with another in value, amount and function.
Conversion – a quantity expressed in one set of units into an equivalent expressed in another
Common Abbreviations for Measurements in cooking:
| Cooking Abbreviations | Unit of Measure |
|---|---|
| 1. C, c | Cup |
| 2. g | Grams |
| 3. kg | kilogram |
| 4. L, l | Liter |
| 5. lb | Pound |
| 6. mL, ml | Millilitre |
| 7. oz | Ounce |
| 8. pt | Pint |
| 9. t, tsp | Teaspoon |
| 10.T, tbsp | Tablespoon |
| 11.gal | Galloon |
Measuring equivalents for teaspoons, tablesppons, cups, pints, fluid ounces,
[transcriber’s note: this table has no printed header row; the header cells are left empty]
| 1 Tbsp | = 3 tsp | 1 c | = 48 t |
| 1/16 c | = 1 T | 1 c | = 16 T |
| 1/8 c | = 2 T | 8 fluid ounces (floz) | = 1 c |
| 1/6 c | = 2 T plus 1 t | 1 pt | = 2 c |
| 1/4 c | = 4 T | 1 qt | = 2 pt |
| 1/3 c | = 5 T plus 1 t | 4 c | = 1 qt |
| 3/8 c | = 6 T | 1 gal | = 4 qt |
| 1/2 c | = 8 T | 16 oz | = 1 lb |
| 2/3 c | = 10 T plus 2 t | 1 ml | = 1 cc |
| 3/4 c | = 12 T | 1 inch | = 2.54 cm |
Conversions for metric and U.S. systems of measurement. source: United States Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)
U.S. system of measurement of Metric
| Capacity | Capacity | Weight | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1/5 tsp | 1 ml | 1 oz | 28 grams |
| 1 tsp | 5 ml | 1 pound | 454 grams |
| 1 Tbsp | 15 ml | ||
| 1 fluid oz | 30 ml | ||
| 1/5 c | 47 ml |
[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]
| Capacity | Capacity | Weight | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 c | 237 ml | ||
| 2 c | 473 ml | ||
| 4 c | .95 liters | ||
| 4 q | 3.8 liters |
Metric to U.S. system of measurement.
| Capacity | Capacity | Weight | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 ml | 1/5 tsp | 1 gram | .035 oz |
| 5 ml | 1 tsp | 100 g | 3.5 oz |
| 15 ml | 1 T | 500 grams | 1.10 lb |
| 100 ml | 3.4 floz | 1 kl | 2.205 lb or 35 oz |
| 240 ml | 1 c | ||
| 1 L | 34 floz 4.2 c 2.1 pt 1.06 qt 0.26 gal |
Temperature Conversion:
To convert Celcius to Farenheit, multiply the given temperature by 1.8 then add 32. For Fahrenheit to Celcius, deduct 32, then devide the result by 1.8.
Example:
125 °Celcius = ? °Farenheit = (125 x 1.8) + 32 = 225 + 32 = 257°F.
100°Farenheit = ? °C = (300 – 32) / 1.8 = 268 / 1.8 = 149°C
| °F | °C | Gas Mark | Cooking Instruction |
|---|---|---|---|
| 225 | 110 | ¼ | Very low |
| 250 | 120-130 | ½ | Very low |
| 275 | 140 | 1 | Slow |
| 300 | 150 | 2 | Slow |
| 325 | 160-170 | 3 | Moderate |
| 350 | 180 | 4 | Moderate |
| 375 | 190 | 5 | Moderately hot |
| 400 | 200 | 6 | Moderately hot |
| 425 | 220 | 7 | Hot |
| 450 | 230 | 8 | Hot |
| 475 | 240 | 9 | Very hot |
Useful Temperature Facts:
- Celsius and Fahrenheit are the same at -40°.
- Water boils at 100°C or 212°F.
- Water freezes at 0°C and 32°F.
- Absolute zero is 0 K.
- Celsius and Fahrenheit are degree scales. The degree symbol is not used to report temperature using the Kelvin scale.
Explanation:
There are two main temperature scales:
- °F, the Fahrenheit Scale (used in the US), and
- °C, the Celsius Scale (part of the Metric System, used in most other countries) They both measure the same thing (temperature!), but use different numbers:
- Boiling water (at normal pressure) measures 100° in Celsius, but 212° in Fahrenheit
- And as water freezes it measures 0° in Celsius, but 32° in Fahrenheit
What’s More
To strengthen your understanding and skills of the topic, please copy and answer Activities 3-8 below in your TLE notebook.
Activity 1
Directions: Convert the following measures into teaspoons.
2 Tablespoon = _____
1 cup = _____
1/4 c = _____
1/4 c = _____
1 Tablespoon = _____
Activity 2
Directions: Convert the following metric system of measurements to US.
- 5 ml = _______________teaspoon
- 1 L = _______________cups
- 15 ml = _______________ Tablespoon
- 100 grams = _______________ ounce
- 1 kg = _______________pound
Activity 3
Directions: Convert the following temperatures from degree Celsius to degree Fahrenheit.
| Degree Celsius | Degree Fahrenheit |
|---|---|
| 1. 240 | |
| 2. 200 | |
| 3. 190 | |
| 4. 150 | |
| 5. 140 |
Activity 4
Directions: Give the abbreviation of the following.
| Abbreviation | |
|---|---|
| 1. Tablespoon | |
| 2. Pound | |
| 3. Kilogram | |
| 4. Ounce | |
| 5. teaspoon |
What I Have Learned
Activity 1
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
- _____ is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Equivalents is a thing that is equal to or corresponds with another in value, amount and function. Conversion – a quantity expressed in one set of units into an equivalent expressed in another.
- To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, _____ the given temperature by 1.8 then add 32. For Fahrenheit to Celsius, deduct 32, then divide the result by 1.8
- °F, the Fahrenheit Scale is used in the _____.
- Boiling water measures _____ Celsius, but 212° in Fahrenheit.
- _____ is a thing that is equal to or corresponds with another in value, amount and function.
What I Can Do
Activity 1
A. Give the equivalent measure of the following.
250 grams of starch = _____ ounce
6 cups coconut milk = _____ quart
1 teaspoon vanilla = _____ ml
1/2 c grated cheese = _____ Tablespoon
1 cup milk = _____ ml
B. Give the substitution of the following ingredients:
- 1 tsp. all spice
- 1 c sour cream
- 1/2 t cream of tartar
- 1/4 c oil
- 1/4 c fresh chopped onions
Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the correct answer on your TLE notebook.
1/2 oz. ____ g?
A. 15
B. 16
C. 10
D. 81 kg = ____ g?
A. 500
B. 1000
C. 700
D. 800What is the abbreviation for tablespoon?
A. tbsp.
B. tsp.
C. tbps.
D. tpsb.What is the abbreviation for teaspoon?
A. tbsp.
B. tsp.
C. tbps.
D. tpsb.What is the abbreviation for pounds?
A. kg.
B. oz.
C. lb.
D. cm.A change in the units or form of number or expression.
A. symbol
B. quantity
C. conversion
D. metric systemHow many tablespoons in 1 cup of flour?
A. 16 tbsp.
B. 17 tbsp.
C. 18 tbsp.
D. 19 tbsp.Howmany cups is the 500 ml water?
A. 2 cups
B. 3 cups
C. 4 cups
D. 5 cupsHow ounces in I gram of nutmeg?
A. 0.035 oz
B. 0.045 oz
C. 0.055 0z
D. 0.065 0zOne tablespoon of ingredients is equal to?
A. 2 teaspoons
B. 3 teaspoons
C. 4 teaspoons
D. 5 teaspoonsOne pint of flour is equal to many cups?
A. 2 cups
B. 3 cups
C. 4 cups
D. 5cupsOne galloon of vinegar is equal to?
A. 2 quarts
B. 4 quarts
C. 6 quarts
D. 8 quarts1 L =____ ml?
A. 200
B. 300
C. 500
D. 600250°F = _______°C?
A. 120
B. 150
C. 160
D. 2002 c = _______T?
A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17
Additional Activities
Activity 1
Directions: Convert the given ingredients into ML. Write your answers on your TLE notebook.
A. Suppose you’re going to cook Maja Blanca and have the following ingredients, how will you calculate each measurement?
250 grams starch: _____ ml
6 cups coconut milk: _____ ml
2 ½ cups white sugar: _____ ml
1 teaspoon vanilla: _____ ml
1 cup evaporated milk: _____ ml
1/2 c grated cheese: _____ ml
Answer Key
What I Know
- A
- D
- B
- A
- C
- D
- A
- A
- B
- B
- A
- B
- D
- B
- C
What’s More
- 8 oz
- 2T
- 4T
- 8T
- 3 tsp.
Activity 3
- 6
- 48
- 12
- 24
- 3
Activity 4
- 1 tsp.
- 4 c
- 1 T
- 22 lb
- 2.2 lb
Activity 5
- 475
- 400
- 375
- 300
- 275
Activity 6
- 9 oz
- 1/2 qt
- 5 ml
- 4 T
- 250 ml
Activity 7
- Metric system
- Multiply
- USA
- 100°C
- Conversion
What’s New
- T or tbsp.
- g
- lb
- kg
- t or tsp
- L
- C, c
- Oz
- Pt
- Ml
What’s In
- Spooning it to measuring cup and level with spatula
- Spoon it using measuring cup
- Use measuring cup and line with a piece of plastic wrap and measure
- Use measuring cup and use spatula to level.
- The wrapping is usually marked in tablespoon
Assessment
- A
- D
- B
- A
- C
- D
- A
- A
- B
- B
- A
- B
- D
- B
- C
Activity 8
- 7 oz.
- 24 q
- 5 ml
- 8 tbsp.
- 237 ml
- 454 grams
- 56 g
- 50 ml
- 2 cups
- 2 qt.
Additional Activities
- 3.5 lbs.
- 105 oz.
- 1 T
- 4.2 cups
- .95 L
References
BOOKS
Delos Santos, Zenaida. 2013, TLE: Exploratory Course in Commercial Cooking, Batangas: Academic Publishing
INTERNET
“Measurement Abbreviations and Conversions” 2020 Retrieved from https://www.dummies.com/food-drink/recipes/measurement-abbreviations-and-conversions/ on December 17, 2019
“Metric Cooking Conversions” Retrieved from https://www.infoplease.com/math-science/weights-measures/us-metric-cooking-conversions on December 17, 2019
Pierce, Rod. “Conversion of Temperature – Celsius to Fahrenheit” 2020 Retrieved from http://www.mathsisfun.com/temperature-conversion.html on December 17, 2019
“Common Ingredient Substitutions” 2020 Retrieved from https://www.allrecipes.com/article/common-ingredient-substitutions/ on December 18, 2020
Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “Temperature Conversion Formulas” 2019 Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/temperature-conversion-formulas-609324 on December 19, 2019
“Conversion of Temperature” 2017 Retrieved from https://www.mathsisfun.com/temperature-conversion.html on December, 19, 2019
Alice Henneman, Alice “Basic Ingredient Substitution” 2020 Retreived from https://food.unl.edu/article/ingredient-substitutions on December 20, 202
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 634-1054; 634-1072; 631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph *blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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