This is the Grade 10 Special Program in Technical Vocational Education (SPTVE) self-learning module for Quarter 1, Module 4: Function of Ignition System, under Automotive Servicing NC II. It was developed by DepEd Cordillera Administrative Region for Week 4 of the quarter. After working through it, learners should be able to name the types of ignition systems, explain what each part does, read an ignition system diagram, and suggest fixes for common ignition problems.
What learners will learn
The module covers one learning competency, LO 1. Explain the function of ignition system components (code TLE_IAAUS9-12SIS-IIa-b-6). Its learning objectives are:
- Identify the types of ignition systems.
- Explain the component parts of the ignition system.
- Interpret an ignition system diagram.
- Explain the possible remedies for the identified ignition system troubles.
What the ignition system does
The ignition system ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture in the combustion chambers at the proper time. It sends an electric spark across the gap at the end of the spark plug. The heat from this spark ignites the mixture. The mixture burns and creates pressure that pushes the piston, so the engine runs.
Four types of ignition systems
| Type | Key features from the module |
|---|---|
| Conventional breaker-point ignition | The oldest type, used from the early days of the automobile through the 1970s. Easy to diagnose and repair, but has many moving parts, so it breaks down more often. |
| High energy (electronic) ignition | Replaces the breaker points and condenser with a transistorized switch in an ignition module. Fewer moving parts and a steady, high-voltage spark, meaning fewer misfires. This is the “breaker-less” system. |
| Distributor-less (waste spark) ignition | Uses ignition coils for each pair of cylinders. An electronic control unit uses crankshaft and camshaft position sensors to fire the coils. Two paired cylinders fire at the same time: one at the end of its compression stroke, the other at the end of its exhaust stroke (the “waste spark”). |
| Coil-on-plug (direct) ignition | The most advanced type. An ignition coil sits directly on top of each spark plug, and the Engine Control Unit handles all ignition timing based on sensor input. |
Basic components of the ignition system
- Battery: supplies current to the starter to crank the engine and to the ignition system.
- Ignition switch: turns on the car’s electrical system, turns on the primary ignition system, and energizes the starter.
- Ignition resistor: reduces battery voltage to the coil while the engine runs. Electronic systems without breaker points do not need it.
- Ignition coil: works as a transformer that steps up battery voltage to many thousands of volts. It has an iron core with a primary winding (few turns of heavy wire) and a secondary winding (thousands of turns of smaller wire).
- Distributor assembly: sets the firing order and sends current to the correct spark plug at the right time.
- High tension wires: carry high voltage. The coil cable links the coil to the distributor cap center post; the spark plug cables carry voltage from the cap to the spark plugs.
- Spark plug: screws into the cylinder head and ignites the air-fuel mixture. A spark jumps the plug gap between the central electrode and the earth electrode.
Parts of the distributor
- Distributor cap: protects the inside parts; has one post per cylinder and a center post connected to the coil.
- Rotor: sits on top of the distributor shaft and sends high voltage to each spark plug.
- Contact breaker (contact point): makes and breaks the primary circuit current.
- Distributor shaft: connected to the engine camshaft through a gear drive.
- Cam: has one lobe per cylinder; each lobe opens the breaker points.
- Capacitor (condenser): prevents arcing and burning of the points and stores electricity when the points open.
- Spark advance mechanism: advances the spark; the two kinds are centrifugal and vacuum advance.
Primary and secondary circuits
- Primary circuit (low voltage): battery, ignition switch, contact points or electronic switching circuit, and coil primary wiring.
- Secondary circuit (high voltage): coil secondary winding, coil cable, rotor, distributor cap, spark plug cables, and spark plugs.
Current flows in this order: battery, ignition switch, ignition coil, distributor, spark plug. When the points close, current flows through the coil’s primary winding. When a cam lobe opens the points, the magnetic field collapses and induces a much higher voltage in the secondary winding. That voltage goes through the coil wire to the distributor cap and rotor, then to the spark plug that needs to fire.
Fixing common ignition problems
Engine cranks normally but does not start. Do a spark test:
- Pull the cable from any spark plug and insert a screwdriver into the boot.
- Hold the metal shank about 1/4 inch from the engine block or cylinder head and crank the engine.
- A spark should jump the gap, even when moved up to 1/2 inch away. If not, inspect the cable, distributor cap, and rotor.
- If there is no spark, replace the cable and try the other cables; all should spark.
- If no cable sparks, remove the coil cable from the distributor cap and test it the same way.
- If the coil cable has no spark, check the ignition connections for loose or broken wires.
Engine cranks slowly. Check the battery. The cable clamps and terminals should be tight and free of corrosion, and the battery should be properly charged.
How to use this module
Answer the pretest (What I Know) first, then follow the parts in order: a jump-start connection drawing (What’s In), a “Three Pics Two Words” puzzle (What’s New), the discussion (What Is It), two troubleshooting questions (What’s More), a reflection on what keeps your own motivation “spark” going (What I Have Learned), a wiring task (What I Can Do), the post-assessment, and an additional activity listing five distributor parts.
- Learners: write all answers on a separate sheet, finish each task before moving on, check your work honestly with the answer key, and return the module to your teacher when done.
- Parents and guardians: support your child at home and remind them to use separate answer sheets.
- Teachers and facilitators: orient learners on using the module and track their progress.
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this ignition system module for?
It is for Grade 10 SPTVE Automotive Servicing NC II, Quarter 1, Module 4, intended for Week 4.
What are the four types of ignition systems in the module?
Conventional breaker-point ignition, high energy (electronic) ignition, distributor-less (waste spark) ignition, and coil-on-plug (direct) ignition.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. It includes answers for the pretest, What’s More, the post-assessment, and the additional activity. The reflection in What I Have Learned has answers that may vary.
What is a spark test?
It is the basic test to find out why an engine cranks normally but will not start. You check whether a spark jumps from the spark plug cable, through a screwdriver, to the engine block or cylinder head.
What is the difference between the primary and secondary circuits?
The primary circuit carries low voltage through the battery, ignition switch, contact points or electronic switch, and coil primary wiring. The secondary circuit is the high-voltage side, from the coil secondary winding through the distributor to the spark plugs.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Special Program in Technical Vocational Education Quarter 1 – Module 4 Function of Ignition System
10
Special Program in Technical Vocational Education
Quarter 1 – Module 4 Function of Ignition System
Automotive Servicing NC II
[illustration: teachers and learners studying outdoors and indoors, with a globe and a lamp]
CO_Q1_SPTVE 10_Module4
10
Special Program in Technical Vocational Education
Quarter 1 – Module 4 Function of Ignition System
Automotive Servicing NC II
IA-Automotive Servicing – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 4: Function of ignition System
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Aldrin T. Bongsian & Pablo B. Mariacos Editors: Reviewer: Jonalyn C. Ambrona Mary Jane N. Malihod Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team: Estela Leon-Cariño Carmel F. Meris Rosita C. Agnasi Federico P. Martin Christopher C. Benigno Juliet C. Sannad Mary Jane N. Malihod Armi Victoria Fiangaan Brenda M. Cariño
Printed in the Philippines by:
Department of Education – Cordillera Administrative Region
Office Address: Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet Telefax: (074) -422 -4074 E-mail Address: car@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLMS is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and test. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learner.
For the facilitator:
Hi, as a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Kindly, advise the learner’s parents or guardians of the same procedure since they will be the primary supporters in the learners’ progress. Please, do not forget to remind the learner to use separate sheets in answering all of the activities found in the learning module.
For the learner:
Hello learner, Welcome to the Automotive Servicing NC II Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Servicing Automotive Battery (Removing and Replacing
Batteries). I hope you are ready to progress in your Grade 10 SPTVE in Automotive with this learning module. This is designed to provide you with interactive tasks to further develop the desired learning competencies prescribed in our curriculum. With this, you are expected to appreciate staking through the information and activity given.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
| ICON | LABEL | DETAIL |
|---|---|---|
| What I Need to Know | This contains the learning objectives which you need to accomplish. | |
| What I know | This evaluates what you know about the lesson you are to learn. | |
| What’s In | This connects the current lesson with a topic necessary in your understanding. | |
| What’s New | This introduces the lesson through an activity. | |
| What Is It | This contains a brief discussion of the learning module lesson. | |
| What’s More | These are activities to check your understanding of the lesson. | |
| What I Have Learned | This summarizes the important ideas presented in the lesson. | |
| What I Can Do | This is a real-life application of what you have learned. | |
| Assessment | This is a post assessment of what you have learned. | |
| Additional Activity | This is an activity that will strengthen your knowledge about the lesson. |
At the end of this module you will also find:
References – This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
What I Need to Know 1 What I Know 2 What’s In 4 What’s New 5 What Is It 6 What’s More 14 What I Have Learned 15 What I Can Do 16 Post-Assessment 17 Additional Activity 19 Answer Key 20
Lesson 4 Function of Ignition System
The following are some reminders in using this module:
- Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
- Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module.
- Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
- Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
- Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
- Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written to guide you to acquire the learning competencies and develop your skills in explaining the function of ignition system components in IA- Automotive Servicing. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. However, the order in which you read the module can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Quarter/Week: Q1/W4 Learning Competency Code: TLE_IAAUS9-12SIS-IIa-b-6. Learning Competency: LO 1. Explain the function of ignition system components
Learning Objectives:
a. Identify the types of ignition systems. b. Explain the component parts of the ignition system. c. Interpret ignition system diagram. d. Explain the possible remedies for the identified ignition system troubles.
What I Know
Multiple choice
Direction: Read each question carefully, and choose the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
In ignition system, the correct sequence of current flow of is:
a. Battery –Distributor– Ignition coil — Spark plug—Ignition switch
b. Battery – Ignition coil – Distributor – Spark plug –Ignition switch
c. Battery – Ignition switch – Ignition coil – Distributor–Spark plug
d. Battery – Spark plug – Ignition coil – Distributor – ignition switchIt is a cover which protects the internal parts of the distributor. It has one post for each cylinder and in contact points types ignition system it also has one central post which is connected to the ignition coil to receive the current from it.
a. Condenser
b. Distributor cap
c. Governor
d. Induction coilThe distributor serves the following purposes in the ignition system”
a. It serves as a step up transformer
b. It distributes high tension current to spark plug at correct time
c. both (A) and (B)
d. None of the aboveThe _____ provides a reservoir for the current induced in the primary circuit at the time of the break.
a. Condenser
b. Distributor
c. Governor
d. Induction coilThe essential components of ignition system are?
a. Ballast resistor
b. Battery
c. Ignition switch
d. All of the mentionedThe following is known as ‘Breaker-less Ignition system?
a. Coil-On-Plug/Direct Ignition System
b. Conventional Breaker Point Ignition System
c. Distributor-less/ Waste Spark Ignition System
d. High Energy/ Electronic Ignition SystemThis is the oldest type of ignition system and has been used since the early days of the automobile, especially through the 1970s?
a. Coil-On-Plug/Direct Ignition System
b. Conventional Breaker Point Ignition System
c. Distributor-less/ Waste Spark Ignition System
d. High Energy/ Electronic Ignition System
[transcriber’s note: this page continues an assessment whose opening items are on earlier pages; the document title and higher-level headings are not in this range]
This type of ignition system replaces the breaker points and condenser with a transistorized switch within an ignition module?
a. Coil-On-Plug/Direct Ignition System
b. Conventional Breaker Point Ignition System
c. Distributor-less/ Waste Spark Ignition System
d. High Energy/ Electronic Ignition SystemThis type of ignition system also uses a “Waste Spark”?
a. Coil-On-Plug/Direct Ignition System
b. Conventional Breaker Point Ignition System
c. Distributor-less Ignition System
d. High Energy/ Electronic Ignition SystemA system that is responsible in producing a spark in an engine cylinder at the proper point?
a. Ignition System
b. Charging System
c. Starting System
d. All of the aboveThe ignition system component that set as a transformer to step up(increase) the battery voltage into many thousands of volts
a. Condenser
b. High tension wires
c. Ignition coil
d. Spark plugA removable part that screws into the cylinder head, extending into the combustion chamber and ignites the air-fuel mixture
a. Condenser
b. High tension wires
c. Ignition coil
d. Spark plugThe circuit that is consists of a battery, ignition switch, contact points or electronic switching circuits, and coil primary wiring?
a. Primary circuit
b. Primary winding
c. Secondary circuit
d. Secondary windingIt is the high voltage side of an ignition system. It consists of ignition coil secondary winding, coil cable, rotor, distributor cap, spark plug cables, spark plugs.
a. Primary circuit
b. Primary winding
c. Secondary circuit
d. Secondary windingThe basic test to determine why a vehicle won’t start is what we call spark test.
a. Battery test
b. Leakage test
c. Spark Test
d. all of the above
What’s In
Assuming that your vehicle won’t start and the only remedy is to jump start your vehicle.
Directions: Draw and connect the battery terminals when doing a jump start.
[illustration: two car batteries, the left one with a speech bubble reading “I’m Low baT” and the right one with a speech bubble reading “I’m GooD”; a set of jumper cables between them with pointers labeled “I’m Positive” and “I’m Negative”]
I’m Low baT
I’m GooD
I’m Positive
I’m Negative
What’s New
Title of the Activity: Three Pics Two Words
Direction: Observe carefully the given pictures then guess what was being described. Write your answer in the answer sheet.
[illustration: three pictures: a battery with “+” and “–” terminals and a lightning bolt; an ignition key switch with positions OFF, ACC, RUN, START; a spark plug with a spark at its electrode]
ACC RUN START OFF
What Is It
IGNITION SYSTEM
[chart: wiring diagram of an ignition system; labels as printed: Ignition switch, Battery, Ignition coil, Contact breaker, Distributor, Spark plug. Values are not labeled on the chart.]
Ignition system function is to ignite the compressed air fuel mixture in the combustion chambers. This should occur at the proper time for combustion begin. To start combustion, the ignition system delivers an electric spark that jumps a gap at the combustion chambers ends of the spark plug. The heat from this arc ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture. The mixture burns, creating pressure that pushes the piston the cylinder so the engine runs.
I- TYPES OF IGNITION SYSTEMS
Currently, we recognize four types of ignition systems used in most cars and trucks: conventional breaker-point ignitions, high energy (electronic) ignitions, distributor-less (waste spark) ignition and coil-on-plug ignitions.
1. Conventional Breaker-Point Ignition System
This is the oldest type of ignition system and has been used since the early days of the automobile, especially through the 1970s. The mechanical nature of these ignition systems, as well as the length of time these systems have been used, they are relatively easy to diagnose and repair. However, they do incorporate a large number of moving parts, increasing the potential for breakdowns.
[chart: wiring diagram of a high energy (electronic) ignition system; labels as printed: IGNITION, START, TERMINAL CONNECTOR, PRIMARY RESISTANCE WIRE, SPARK PLUG, IGNITION SWITCH, BATTERY, QUICK DISCONNECT, RELAY, COIL, DISTRIBUTOR; legend: PRIMARY CIRCUIT (solid line), SECONDARY CIRCUIT (dashed line). Values are not labeled on the chart.]
2. High Energy (Electronic) Ignition System
This system replaces the breaker points and condenser with a transistorized switch within an ignition module that also handles the task of triggering the ignition coil to generate high-voltage current. This can prove advantageous, as the use of this electronic switch means there are fewer moving parts than in a breaker-point ignition system while still being relatively easy to diagnose and repair. They can also provide a consistent, high voltage spark throughout the life of the engine, meaning fewer misfires.
[chart: diagram of a distributor-less ignition system; labels as printed: Spark plug, Ignition coil, Electronic Control Module, Distributor, Ignition Switch, Battery, Vacuum Advance, Armature Or Reluctor, Magnetic Pic-Up. Values are not labeled on the chart.]
3. Distributor-less (Waste Spark) Ignition System
Multiple ignition coils are used for each pair of cylinders. Using engine sensors to determine crankshaft position and camshaft position, an Electronic Control Unit triggers the appropriate ignition coil and directs the distribution of electrical current to the spark plugs. This system also uses a “Waste Spark” for one of the paired cylinders, pairing two pistons that will be at the top dead center at the same time— one at the end of its compression stroke, and the other at the end of its exhaust stroke. Each of the spark plugs in these cylinders will fire at the same time using the high voltage from one coil.
4. Coil-On-Plug (Direct) Ignition System
The most sophisticated of all ignitions systems, this system places an ignition coil directly on the top of each spark plug and is ideal for modern engines. All of the ignition timing is handled by the Engine Control Unit, based on input from various sensors.
[chart: wiring diagram of a coil-on-plug ignition system; labels as printed: Ignition Control Module (ICM) consists of coil packs (yellow boxes), Camshaft Position Sensor, Triggering Wheel, ECU, Ignition Switch, Spark Plugs, Camshaft, Crankshaft, Triggering Wheel, Battery, Crankshaft Position Sensor. Values are not labeled on the chart.]
[chart: wiring diagram; title as printed: Coil On Plug (Direct) Ignition; components numbered 1 to 4 as printed. Values are not labeled on the chart.]
II- BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE IGNITION SYSTEM
1. Battery -supplies current to starter in order to crank the engine for operation. It also supplies the required electric current to the ignition system.
[illustration: a battery drawn with an angry face]
2. Ignition Switch. Your ignition switch does at least three things:
- It turns on the car’s electrical system so that all accessories can be operated.
- It turns on the entire primary ignition system.
- It energizes the starter.
[chart: diagram of an ignition switch key positions, labeled LOCK, ACC, ON, START, with a connector terminal numbered 3, 2, 1 (top row) and 6, 5, 4 (bottom row). Values are not labeled on the chart.]
[photo: an ignition switch with two keys]
3. Ignition Resistor – a resistor connected into the ignition primary circuit to reduce battery voltage to the coil during engine operation. But in Electronic ignition systems where breaker points were not utilized, ballast resistor therefore is not actually needed.
[photo: an ignition resistor with two terminals and a ring-type wire terminal]
4. Ignition Coil – the ignition system component that set as a transformer to step up(increase) the battery voltage into many thousands of volts.
An ignition coil consists of a laminated iron core surrounded by two coils of copper wire. The primary winding has relatively few turns of heavy wire. The secondary winding consists of thousands of turns of smaller wire, insulated from the high voltage by enamel on the wires and layers of oiled paper insulation.
[chart: cutaway diagram of an ignition coil; labels as printed: SECONDARY OR HIGH OUTPUT TERMINAL, NEGATIVE TERMINAL, PRIMARY TERMINAL, PRIMARY WINDINGS, SECONDARY WINDINGS, IRON CORE. Values are not labeled on the chart.]
5. Distributor Assembly– A component of the ignition system that determines the firing order of the cylinders. It also directs electrical current to the correct spark plug at precisely the right time.
[chart: exploded diagram of a distributor assembly; labels as printed: IGNITION POINTS, ROTOR, CAP, VACUUM ADVANCE DIAPHRAGM, CLIP, CONDENSER, CAM, TERMINAL, DIAPHRAGM SPRING, SHAFT, DRIVE GEAR. Values are not labeled on the chart.]
BASIC PARTS OF A DISTRIBUTOR
a. Distributor Cap
It is a cover which protects the internal parts of the distributor. It has one post for each cylinder and in contact points types ignition system it also has one central post which is connected to the ignition coil to receive the current from it.
b. Rotor
The rotor is present at the top of the distributor shaft. It is driven by the camshaft of engine and hence synchronized to it. The rotating parts of the distributor assembly that distributes high voltage from coil center cable to different spark plug.
c. Contact Breaker/ Contact Point
It is mechanically designed breaker point. It’s one end is fixed and other end is movable. It is attached to the breaker assembly. Its main function is to makes and breaks the primary circuit current.
d. Distributor Shaft
It is a shaft which lies in the middle of the ignition distributor. It is connected directly to the camshaft of the engine through a gear drive. It consists of a cam which is used to break the point of the contact breaker.
e. Cam
It is attached to the distributor shaft and rotates with it. It has lobes which are used to open the contact breaker point. The number of lobes is equal to the number of engine cylinder. As the cam rotates, it pushes the cam follower and the breaker points moves apart leads to breaking of current.
f. Capacitor/Condenser
It is used to prevent the overheating of the contact point of the contact breaker. It helps in production of high voltage current by reverse the current flow through the primary coil. Condenser connected across the contact point to prevent arcing and burning. It also provides the storage of electricity when breaker point is open.
g. Spark Advance Mechanism
It is a mechanism which is used to advance the spark in the spark ignition engine. We have generally two types spark advance mechanism and i.e. centrifugal advance spark and vacuum spark advance mechanism.
6. High Tension Wires
6. High Tension Wires-bridges of high voltage and is made up of a coil cable or a spark plug cable.
[illustration: set of high tension wires, one coil cable and several spark plug cables]
Coil Cable- a cable that connects the ignition coil secondary or high output terminal and the distributor cap center post/terminal.
Sparkplug cables- passage of high voltage from the distributor cap to the sparkplugs.
7. Spark Plug
7.Spark Plug -a removable part that screws into the cylinder head, extending into the combustion chamber and ignites the air-fuel mixture
[chart: diagram; Spark Plug Construction] Labels: Plug Terminal; Ceramic insulator; Metal body; Sealing washer; Plug Reach; Central electrode; Earth electrode; Plug Gap
Spark plug consists of an outer metal shell (metal body) with one electrode (earth electrode) and a center ceramic insulator with another electrode (central electrode). The electrodes are separates by a small air gap (plug gap), across which a high-voltage current can arc.
III-TWO ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT OF IGNITION SYSTEM
Ignition system is divided into two electrical circuits – the primary and secondary circuits.
Primary Circuit– The primary circuit carries low voltage. The primary circuit consists of the battery, ignition switch, contact points or electronic switching circuits, and coil primary wiring
Secondary Circuit – high voltage side of an ignition system. It is consists of ignition coil secondary winding, coil cable, rotor, distributor cap, spark plug cables, spark plugs.
[chart: diagram; Primary and Secondary Circuit Diagram] Labels: Secondary circuit; Primary circuit; Spark plug; Distributor; Ignition key switch; Battery; Ignition coil Values are not labeled on the chart.
Primary and Secondary Circuit Diagram
IV-INTERPRET IGNITION SYSTEM DIAGRAM
[chart: diagram; Ignition system diagram (unnumbered figure)] Labels: 1, 2, 3, 4 (in circles on the distributor); Distributor; Spark Plugs; Spark Ignition; Ignition Switch; Coil Wire; Battery; Ignition Coil; Ignition Points; Condenser Values are not labeled on the chart.
- When the breaker points are close, electric current flows from the battery through the primary windings in the ignition coil and through the points back to the ground. This is called the primary circuit.
- When a high lobe of the cam pushes on the pivot arm and opens the points, the primary circuit is broken. The magnetic field that was built up in the coil while the primary current was flowing now collapses, including the voltage in the secondary windings as the collapsing magnetic lines of force sweep across them.
- Because there are many more secondary windings than primary windings, the induced voltage is much higher than the voltage that drove the primary current.
- This high voltage is sent through the center wire of the coil to the center of the distributor cap, which is always in contact with the rotor.
- The outer end of the rotor is timed to arrive at the proper moment at the connection to the sparkplug where a spark is desired.
- To obtain the correct spark, the distance between the two electrodes of the spark plug must be “gapped” correctly. The gap is shown exaggerated for clarity.
- Cars today use electronic means rather than mechanical breaker points to bring about the “make and break” effect.
V- COMMON VEHICLE PROBLEM REGARDING IGNITION SYSTEM AND HOW TO FIX THEM
The Engine Won’t Start
Two possible actions when starting an Engine
- Engine cranks normally but does not start.
The basic test to determine why a vehicle won’t start is what we call spark test.
Procedures/ Steps
a. Pull the spark plug cable of any of the spark plugs. b. Insert a screw driver into the spark plug boot. c. Placed the metal shrank approximately ¼ inch from the engine block or cylinder head. d. Crank the engine then observed if a spark will jump the gap (between metal shrank of the screw driver and the cylinder head or block) e. The spark should continue to jump the gap as the cable is raised/moved up to ½ inch away. If not, inspect the cable, distributor cap, and rotor. f. If no spark is observed, replaced the spark plug cable and try another cables. Ignition spark should be present at all cables. g. If no spark is observed from all spark plug cables, remove the coil cable from the distributor cap then do step C-D to check for spark. h. If still no spark is being observed from the coil cable, check the ignition connection for possible loose or broken connection.
- Engine cranks slowly
Asses the battery, connections of the battery cable clamp and the battery terminal must be slightly tight and free of corrosion, and is properly charged to be able to run the engine.
What’s More
Directions: Read and analyze each statements. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
- Supposed you have a vehicle which does not start but the engine cranks normally. What would be the possible problem and what are the procedures/remedies in assessing the problem?
- Supposed the engine cranks slowly. What would be the possible problem and what are the remedies?
What I Have Learned
In an engine, a powerful spark is what burns the fuel charge in the combustion chamber. If the spark is not that strong enough then it may not burn the fuel charge and may result in an engine not to start.
Directions: As a student where does the motivation(spark) comes from and what makes that motivation(spark) so powerful that you choose to continue your study during this time of pandemic? Write your answers in the answer sheet you have provided.
What I Can Do
Direction: Copy and connect each terminal to complete the diagram of an ignition system in your answer sheet. Connect ONLY the terminals that have arrows.
[chart: diagram; ignition system terminal connection diagram] Labels: AM; ST; ACC; IGN; Ignition switch; + and − (battery); COIL (with + and − terminals); DISTRIBUTOR (with C); spark plug Arrows on the diagram mark the terminals to connect. Values are not labeled on the chart.
Post-Assessment
Multiple choice
Direction: Choose the LETTER of the best answer. write your answer in the answer sheet.
A system that is responsible in producing a spark in an engine cylinder at the proper point?
a. Ignition System
b. Charging System
c. Starting System
d. All of the aboveThe following is known as ‘Breaker-less Ignition system?
a. Coil-On-Plug/Direct Ignition System
b. Conventional Breaker Point Ignition System
c. Distributor-less/ Waste Spark Ignition System
d. High Energy/ Electronic Ignition SystemThis is the oldest type of ignition system and has been used since the early days of the automobile, especially through the 1970s?
a. Coil-On-Plug/Direct Ignition System
b. Conventional Breaker Point Ignition System
c. Distributor-less/ Waste Spark Ignition System
d. High Energy/ Electronic Ignition SystemThis type of ignition system also uses a “Waste Spark”?
a. Coil-On-Plug/Direct Ignition System
b. Conventional Breaker Point Ignition System
c. Distributor-less Ignition System
d. High Energy/ Electronic Ignition SystemThis type of ignition system replaces the breaker points and condenser with a transistorized switch within an ignition module?
a. Coil-On-Plug/Direct Ignition System
b. Conventional Breaker Point Ignition System
c. Distributor-less/ Waste Spark Ignition System
d. High Energy/ Electronic Ignition SystemIn ignition system, the correct sequence of current flow of is:
a. Battery –Distributor– Ignition coil — Spark plug—Ignition switch
b. Battery – Ignition coil – Distributor – Spark plug –Ignition switch
c. Battery – Ignition switch – Ignition coil – Distributor–Spark plug
d. Battery – Spark plug – Ignition coil – Distributor – ignition switchThe basic test to determine why a vehicle won’t start is what we call spark test.
a. Battery test
b. b. Leakage test
c. Spark Test
d. all of the aboveIt is a cover which protects the internal parts of the distributor. It has one post for each cylinder and in contact points types ignition system it also has one central post which is connected to the ignition coil to receive the current from it.
a. Condenser
b. Distributor cap
c. Governor
d. Induction coilThe distributor serves the following purposes in the ignition system”
a. It serves as a step up transformer
b. It distributes high tension current to spark plug at correct time
c. both (A) and (B)
d. None of the aboveThe _____ provides a reservoir for the current induced in the primary circuit at the time of the break.
a. Condenser
b. Distributor
c. Governor
d. Induction coilThe essential components of ignition system are?
a. Ballast resistor
b. Battery
c. Ignition switch
d. All of the mentionedThe ignition system component that set as a transformer to step up(increase) the battery voltage into many thousands of volts
a. Condenser
b. High tension wires
c. Ignition coil
d. Spark plugA removable part that screws into the cylinder head, extending into the combustion chamber and ignites the air-fuel mixture
a. Condenser
b. High tension wires
c. Ignition coil
d. Spark plugThe circuit that is consists of a battery, ignition switch, contact points or electronic switching circuits, and coil primary wiring?
a. Primary circuit
b. Primary winding
c. Secondary circuit
d. Secondary windingIt is the high voltage side of an ignition system. It consists of ignition coil secondary winding, coil cable, rotor, distributor cap, spark plug cables, spark plugs.
a. Primary circuit
b. Primary winding
c. Secondary circuit
d. Secondary winding
Additional Activity
Direction: Enumerate at least five parts of distributor assembly in your answer sheet.
Answer Key
What I Know
- C
- B
- B
- A
- D
- D
- B
- D
- C
- A
- C
- D
- A
- C
- C
What’s in
[illustration: jumper cables connecting a good battery and a dead battery to an engine block or ground; labels: Engine block or ground, Dead battery, Good battery, Jumper cables; numbers 1 to 4 on the connections]
What’s New
The three pictures are all about Ignition System which will be the content of this module
What’s More
- Electrical connection/No Spark
Procedures:
A. Pull the spark plug cable of any of the spark plugs.
B. Insert a screw driver into the spark plug boot.
C. Placed the metal shrank approximately ¼ inch from the engine block or cylinder head.
D. Crank the engine then observed if a spark will jump the gap (between screw driver and the metal shrank of the cylinder head or block).
E. The spark should continue to jump the gap as the cable is raised/moved up to ½ inch away. If not, inspect the cable, distributor cap, and rotor. If no spark is observed, replaced the spark plug cable and try another cables. Ignition spark should be present at all cables. If no spark is observed from all spark plug cables, remove the coil cable from the distributor cap then do step C-D to check for spark. If still no spark is being observed from the coil cable, check the ignition connection for possible loose or broken connection.
- Battery
Asses the battery, connections of the battery cable clamp and the battery terminal must be slightly tight and free of corrosion, and is properly charged to be able to run the engine.
What I Have Learned
Answers may vary
What I Can Do
[illustration: ignition system diagram showing spark plug wires, distributor, coil, and battery]
Post Assessment
- A
- D
- B
- C
- D
- C
- C
- B
- B
- A
- D
- C
- D
- A
- C
Additional Activity
Mechanism:
- Distributor Cap
- Rotor
- Contact
- Breaker/Contact Point
- Distributor Shaft
- Cam
- Capacitor/Condenser
- Spark Advance Mechanism
References
Auto Mechanics Theory and Service by deKryger et.al, The Ignition System, South-Western Publishing Co.USA 1986
Strengthened Technical – Vocational Education Program (STVEP)– Competency- Based Learning Materials (CBLM).
http://www.worldphaco.net/uploads/CAPACITIVE_DISCHARGE_IGNITION_vs_MA GNETIC_DISCHARGE_IGNITION
http://mgaguru.com/mgtech/ignition/ig108.htm
http://www.rtftechnologies.org/emtech/coil-driver.htm
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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