TLE 6 Agri-Fishery Arts Module 5: Propagating Trees and Fruit-Bearing Trees

Module 5: Propagating Trees and Fruit-Bearing Trees

Technology and Livelihood Education Agri-Fishery Arts Module 5: Propagating Trees and Fruit-Bearing Trees

[illustration: students studying outdoors under a tree and at home with a teacher, a globe, and a boy studying by lamplight]

CO_TLE-AFA6_Module5

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY NOT FOR SALE

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Module 5: Propagating Tress and Fruit-bearing Trees First Edition, 2020

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VI Office Address: Duran St., Iloilo City Telefax: (033) 336-2816; (033) 509-7653 E-mail Address: region6@deped.gov.ph

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Phoebe L. Navales Editors: Reynaldo P. Evangelio, Fatima M. Solis Reviewer: Roselyn V. Geñega Illustrator and Layout Artist: Learesa G. Amban, Jarrett Irvin C. Gayosa, Darven G. Cinchez Management Team: Ramir B. Uytico, Pedro Escobarte, Jr., Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Genine, Reynaldo G. Gico, Michell L. Acoyong, Grace T. Nicavera, Mylene D. Lopez, Reynaldo P. Evangelio, Jarrett Irvin C. Gayosa, Helen Grace S. Poderoso

Technology and Livelihood Education Agri-Fishery Arts Module 5: Propagating Trees and Fruit-Bearing Trees

6

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

[illustration: target with an arrow]

Successful tree-planting requires some knowledge about trees, what they need and how they grow, and some skill on when and how to plant and take care of them. If we want to be successful in planting trees and fruit-bearing trees you must abreast yourselves with different tools and equipment in order to achieve a bountiful harvest.

This module will cover on how to propagate trees and fruit bearing trees using scientific processes.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the appropriate tools and equipment in plant propagation and their uses;
2. demonstrate scientific ways of propagating fruit bearing trees; and
3. observe healthy and safety measures in propagating fruit-bearing trees.

What I Know

[illustration: pencil]

As you start this module, you are going to check your previous knowledge regarding the topics by answering the questions herein. Select the correct answer from the box given below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Budding Shovel Asexual Propagation Gloves Bolo Cutting Grafting Seeds Rake Sexual Propagation Seedlings Spade Hoe

1. _____ It is the process wherein the scion is united with the rootstock to unite and grow as one plant.
2. _____ A type of propagation which refers to a part that is cut and propagated.
3. _____ It is used for cutting wood, trees, and grass.
4. The most common and easiest way of plant propagation is using _____.
5. _____ is used for smoothening the soil and gathering together loose leaves, hay or straw.
6. _____ It is a method of reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant species.
7. _____ A tool with a broad or scoop attached to a handle and used to dig, lift, and throw loose matter.
8. The process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of the same family is called _____.
9. _____ It is made of strong rubber to protect your hands from thorns while working on the garden.
10. _____ is a process where a ring of bark on a branch is removed, then is wrapped with soil in plastic sheets, tying both ends with twine.

CO_TLE-AFA6_Module5 (page-number line omitted)

Module 5

Propagating Trees and Fruit-Bearing Trees

[photo: dirt road lined with tall trees]

[photo: forest of trees with exposed roots at the base]

[photo: lanzones fruits hanging from a branch]

[photo: large spreading tree over a flat field]

1 Arlene Gardner, Free Royalty, https://www.wallpaperflare.com/philippines-davao-city-eden-nature-park-tree-plant-forest-wallpaper-eycel 2 USAID Biodiversity & Forestry, Free Royalty, https://www.flickr.com/photos/usaid-biodiversity-forestry/ 3 Lanzones, Free Royalty, https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 4 Farm of Silveria A. Baton in Danao, Cebu, Free Royalty, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

What’s In

[illustration: puzzle pieces]

Below are some of the plant propagation tools that you learned from your previous grade level. Your task is to connect the correct uses of each tool that is shown in the illustration.

Tools and Equipment	Use
1. [illustration: hand tool with a long handle and a small angled blade]	a. use for taking up small plants
2. [illustration: watering can]	b. use to cut branches of trees
3. [illustration: hand trowel]	c. use to spread and level the soil
4. [illustration: bolo]	d. use to water the plants
5. [illustration: rake]	e. use in digging and breaking the soil

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

What’s New

The Little Plant (Kate L. Brown)

In the heart of a seed,
Buried deep, so deep,
A dear little plant
Lay fast asleep.

‘Wake,’ said the sunshine,
‘And creep to the light,’
‘Wake,’ said the voice
Of the raindrops bright.

The little plant heard,
And it rose to see
What the wonderful
Outside world might be.

What can we found in the heart of a seed according to the poem?
What do you think the little plant will become someday?
What are the tools used in planting the seed?
What method did use in planting the seed?

What is It

Modern technology and research have gone a long way, especially in the field of agriculture. There are different agricultural products today that did not exist long ago. We now have seedless grapes, oranges, and watermelons. There are also various plants with leaves and flowers of different colors that come from just one plant. Fruit-bearing trees can bear fruits within a short period. Some can bear fruits all year round. These advancements are made possible due to agricultural technology called plant propagation.

Plant propagation is a method of reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant species. It is being practiced because of the following reasons:

1. to increase the number of plant species;
2. to produce plant varieties that are resistant to some insect pests and diseases;
3. to evolve new and better varieties of plants suited to different conditions of soil and climate;
4. to accelerate and at the same time lessen the bearing age of plants; and
5. to avert the extinction of some plant species

[illustration: six garden tools]

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

To learn more about propagating trees and fruit bearing trees we need to understand the following:

I. Tools and Equipment in Plant Propagation

Tools and equipment are important in the processes of propagating plants especially those fruit trees being grown in the orchard. The use of tools and equipment makes the work become easier and proper procedures in caring trees are executed properly.

a. Spade is used in tight spaces. The square-shaped blade is perfect for digging holes for plants and bushes, especially in established gardens where you don’t want to disturb existing plants.

[illustration: spade]

b. Hoe is used in digging and breaking hard and dry soil. It has a thin blade across the end of a long handle.

[illustration: hoe]

c. Rake is a long handled tool having a bar at one end with teeth in. It is used for even spreading of soil or leveling the soil.

[illustration: rake]

All illustrations were done by LearesaG Amban

d. Bolo is a tool with a wooden or metal handle in which a long blade is attached. It is used for cutting tall grasses and branches of trees.

[illustration: bolo]

e. Shovel is a broad scoop attached to a handle. It is used for removing soil or weeds and transferring the soil from one place to another.

[illustration: shovel]

f. Water Sprinkler is a container with small holes on the spout to sprinkle water on the plants.

[illustration: water sprinkler (watering can)]

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

g. Pruning Shears is used for cutting small branches including the unnecessary branches.

[illustration: pruning shears]

h. Garden gloves are used while working in the garden, made of strong rubber to protect from thorns and withstand punctures.

[illustration: garden gloves]

i. Spading Fork is a tool resembling a table fork but much bigger in size. It is used for removing soil or trash.

[illustration: spading fork]

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

j. Trowel is a tool with a curved blade used for loosening the ground and taking up small plants.

[illustration: trowel]

k. Sprayer is used for spraying chemicals to eliminate plant insects.

[illustration: sprayer]

II. Scientific Ways of Propagating Fruit-Bearing Trees

A. Sexual propagation is a propagation by seed or spores. The plants will become fertilized and produce the seed that will grow into a new plant with characteristics of both parent plants. Because of the traits given by the parent plants, sexual propagation offers these advantages:

1. the only method when creating new varieties or cultivars;
2. the easiest and cheapest way of growing plants;
3. a way of getting rid of diseases; and
4. some plants are only able to be produced via seed

B. Asexual Propagation is a process of regenerating a new plant by taking a part of another plant to develop. This results to have a new plant that is identical to its parent plant.

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

Different types of Asexual Propagation

a. Cutting. A part of a single or mother plant is cut to be planted as cutting for purpose of multiply its variety. Example of fruit- bearing tree that can be planted by cutting is Siniguelas.

[illustration: a mother plant in a pot, with a stem cut and a separate cutting planted in a pot]
Mother Plant
Cutting

b. Marcotting or Air layering. Stimulates the stem or branch of a mother plant to develop roots while still connected to it.

Materials:

• Knife or cutter
• Plastic (transparent)
• Straw
• soil or coco husk

Steps in Marcotting:

1. Remove a ring-like layer of soft bark about 2 to 3 inches long.

[illustration: stem with a ring of bark removed]

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

2. Apply soil or coco husk around the cut surface.

[illustration: soil or coco husk packed around the cut stem]

3. Cover securely with a piece of plastic sheet.

[illustration: plastic sheet wrapped around the stem]

4. Tie both ends to prevent drying of the rooting medium. Keep it moist.

[illustration: wrapped stem with both ends tied]

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

c. Grafting is a plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a stock so that they will form a union and grow together.

Materials: Grafting knife Pruning Shears Grafting wax Stock Scion

Steps in Grafting

1. The stock is first cut straight and after that a perpendicular cut is made in the center of the stump. For bigger material, a wedge is cut in the top of the stump.

[illustration: stock with a split cut in its top]

2. The scion is cut in the form of a wedge (for big material, similar to that of the stock).

[illustration: scion with a leaf, cut to a wedge at its lower end]

3. The scion is inserted in the cut made in the stock. In case the stock is of bigger diameter, the cambium should fit at one side only.

[illustration: scion inserted into the cut in the stock]

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

4. Seal all exposed surfaces with grafting wax or grafting paint.

[illustration: grafted union wrapped with grafting wax]

d. Budding is the process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of the same family.

Materials: Budding knife Grafting wax Buddy tape

The steps are the following:

1. On the rootstock, cut vertically about 2.5 cm long. A horizontal cut is made through the bark about one-third the distance around the stock. With a knife blade, lift the corners and carefully loosen the bark.

[illustration: rootstock with a vertical cut and a horizontal cut made by a knife]

2. Cut a bud from the bud stick which includes a thin piece of attached wood.

[illustration: budding knife cutting a bud from the bud stick]

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

3. Slide the bud under the flaps of the bark on the rootstock until the ends are firmly even. Using buddy tape, tie the bud to the rootstock.

[illustration: bud slid under the bark flaps of the rootstock]

4. Wrap the ends tightly but be sure not to cover the bud with tape.

[illustration: bud wrapped with buddy tape, bud left uncovered]

III. Healthy and Safety Measures in Propagating Fruit-Bearing Trees

1. Wear protective equipment while working to ensure your body protection.
2. Make sure to follow instructions in using tools and equipment.
3. Always check if the tools and equipment are working properly before using them.
4. Do not be distracted try to focus and work properly.
5. Use the right position in working; be sure that you are comfortable in your position.
6. Seek adult’s advice if necessary.
7. Take a bath before and after working; make sure that you are fresh and ready to work.

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

What’s More

Independent Activity 1: Directions: Hunt the words that are related to plant propagation. Try to describe how they are done.

G	O	B	U	D	D	H	N	B	S	W	T
R	H	S	E	T	A	C	V	U	N	I	O
A	X	A	G	V	R	U	X	D	R	N	K
F	T	Q	H	U	Y	T	A	D	E	W	L
T	M	A	R	C	O	T	T	I	N	G	O
I	G	S	J	L	U	I	U	N	U	Y	Y
N	J	W	F	E	H	N	K	G	H	O	L
G	T	G	Q	F	C	G	Y	K	L	E	A
R	S	E	X	U	A	L	M	I	P	L	E

Independent Assessment 1:

1. It is propagation by seed or spores.
2. A process where a ring of bark on a large branch is removed.
3. The process of transferring the bud from the scion to the stock of the same family.
4. A process of inserting a scion into a stock so that they will grow together.
5. Refers to a part of the plant that is cut and propagated.

Independent Activity 2:

Directions: Identify the tools inside the box given their pictures and based on their functions. Write the name of the tool before the number as described by the questions in each item.

[illustration: pruning shears, bolo knife, shovel, pair of gloves, and watering can, inside a box]

Independent Assessment 2:

_____1. It is used to protect our hands from thorns. _____2. It is used to water the plants. _____3. It is used to cut big branches of trees. _____4. It is used for cutting small branches. _____5. It is used for digging holes for plants and bushes.

All illustrations were done by Learesa G. Amban

Independent Activity 3:

Directions: Read and understand the paragraph written below and answer the following questions asked.

The grade 6 pupils of Cong. Eliseo P. Limsiaco Sr. Memorial School was assigned to propagate fruit-bearing trees. Some pupils did the marcotting, some pupils were tasked to do budding while others were grafting. Teacher Leah reminded them to always follow the safety measure in propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees. What should they do to avoid accidents while working?

Independent Assessment 3:

Directions: Put a check ( ✓ ) before the number if the statement talks about the safety measure that the grade 6 pupils will follow and x if it is not.

_____1. Wear protective equipment while working. _____2. Make sure not to follow instructions in using tools and equipment. _____3. Do not take a bath before and after working. _____4. Take care of tools and equipment to last long and maintain their efficiency. _____5. Do not be destructed try to focus and work properly.

What I Have Learned

• _____________ is a square-shaped blade perfect for digging holes for plants and bushes.
• To cut branches of big trees and other tall fruit-bearing trees we are using the _________________.
• In cleaning the garden with falling leaves we use __________ to gather it.
• _______________________is used to water the plants in the garden.
• _____________ involves taking a part of one parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new plant.
• There are four types of Asexual propagation, They are _____________, ,, and _____________.
• The process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of the same family is called _____________.
• _____________is a type of propagation which refers to a part of the plant that is cut and propagated.
• Remove a ring-like layer of soft bark about 2 to 3 inches long is one of the steps in performing the _____________.
• Wear _____________ while working to ensure your body protection.

What I Can Do

Directions: List 10 commonly grown fruit trees in the community and tell what ways of propagation is used.

Name of Fruit Trees	Ways of Propagation

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A tool resembling a table fork but much bigger in size. It is used in digging and preparing the soil for the plants.
   a. bolo
   b. fork
   c. shovel
   d. hoe

   
   

2. A tool with a curved blade used for loosening the ground and taking up small plants.
   a. trowel
   b. bolo
   c. hoe
   d. shovel

   
   

3. Used for cutting small branches including the unnecessary branches.
   a. fork
   b. hoe
   c. pruning Shears
   d. trowel

   
   

4. A tool with a wooden or metal handle in which a long blade is attached. It is used for cutting tall grasses and branches of trees.
   a. bolo
   b. pruning shears
   c. trowel
   d. rake

   
   

5. Used while working in the garden, made of strong rubber to protect from thorns and withstand punctures.
   a. garden gloves
   b. bolo
   c. trowel
   d. sprayer

   
   

6. Your teacher asked you to visit your garden and you saw plenty of loose leaves on the ground. What tool or equipment will you use?
   a. Rake
   b. Bolo
   c. Trowel
   d. sprinkler

   
   

7. The following are the steps in marcotting. Which of the following is the correct sequence in performing it?

   
   

   I. Remove a ring like layer of soft bark about 2 to 3 inches long.
   II. Cover securely with a piece of plastic sheet.
   III. Tie both ends to prevent drying of the rooting medium.
   IV. Apply soil or coco husk around the cut surface.

   
   

   a. IV,III,II,I
   b. I,IV.II,III
   c. I,II,III,IV
   d. IV,III,I,II

   
   

8. The process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of the same family.
   a. grafting
   b. budding
   c. marcotting
   d. cutting

   
   

9. A plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a stock so that they will form a union and grow together.
   a. budding
   b. marcotting
   c. cutting
   d. grafting

   
   

10. Which of the following is not a safety measure in propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees?
    a. Make sure to follow instructions in using tools and equipment.
    b. Do not be destructed try to focus and work properly.
    c. Always check if the tools and equipment are working properly before using them
    d. Do not follow instructions for use of equipment.

    
    

Additional Activities

Take pictures of you performing one of the ways in propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees by following the necessary steps. Paste at least 3-5 photos in a bond paper or send it to your teacher’s email or social media account.

Answer Key

[transcriber’s note: this page is printed upside down; the three boxed columns are transcribed in reading order after rotation]

What I Know

1. Grafting
2. Cutting
3. Bolo
4. Seeds
5. Rake
6. Asexual Propagation
7. Shovel
8. Budding
9. Gloves
10. Marcotting

What’s More

Assessment# 1:

1. SEXUAL
2. MARCOTTING
3. BUDDING
4. GRAFTING
5. CUTTING

Assessment # 2

1. Garden gloves
2. Water sprinkler
3. Bolo
4. Prunning Shears
5. Spade

Assessment # 3

1. /
2. X
3. X
4. /
5. /

Assessment

1. b
2. a
3. c
4. a
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. b
9. d
10. d

References

“Budding – Google Search”. 2020. Google.Com.Ph. https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=budding

“Environmental Horticulture”. 2020. Irrecenvhort.Ifas.Ufl.Edu. https://irrecenvhort.ifas.ufl.edu.

“Explain The Healthy and Safety Measures In Propagating Fruit Trees Explain The”. 2020. Coursehero.Com. https://www.coursehero.com/file/p6m3f4n/Explain-the-healthy-andsafety-measures-in-propagating-fruit-trees.

“Grafting – Google Search”. 2020. Google.Com.Ph. https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=grafting.

Learning and Living in the 21st Century 6, pp.

Plants, Grafting. 2020. “Grafting and Budding Nursery Crop Plants | NC State Extension Publications”. Content.Ces.Ncsu.Edu. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/grafting-and-budding-nursery-crop-plants.

“Picture Of Marcotting. – Google Search”. 2020. Google.Com. https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+marcotting.

The Basics of Better Family Living 6.

“VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION”. 2020. Fao.Org. http://www.fao.org/3/ad224e/AD224E19.htm.

2020. http://www.fao.org/docrep.

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