This is the Physical Science Quarter 1, Module 5 self-learning module, “Exploring the Structure and Function of Biological Molecules,” for Senior High School learners in Grade 11 or 12. It is an Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) module, First Edition 2020, from the Department of Education National Capital Region. In one lesson, it explains the four groups of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids): what they are made of, how they are built, and what they do in living things.
What learners will learn
By the end of the module, learners should be able to:
- Describe the different biological molecules.
- Compare and contrast biological macromolecules in terms of structure.
- Appreciate the importance of biological macromolecules in our life by citing their functions.
Lesson in this module
The module has one lesson, Lesson 1: Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules. It reviews polarity and intermolecular forces, then introduces monomers and polymers. It then describes the composition, structure, examples, and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Key ideas: monomers and polymers
Biological macromolecules are large molecules that are important parts of living systems and are needed to sustain life. Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger coined the term “macromolecule” in 1920. He was also the first to say that large biological molecules are formed from sub-units joined by covalent bonds.
- Monomers are the basic units, the smallest unit of a macromolecule.
- Polymers are made of many similar monomers bonded together. Monomers can link in different combinations to form polymers with different structures and functions.
- Polymerization is the process in which monomers react with other molecules to form a polymer chain or a three-dimensional structure.
Key ideas: the four biological macromolecules
| Macromolecule | Made of | Examples from the module | Functions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; built from monosaccharides | Glucose, sugar, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin | Main source of energy for humans, energy storage (glycogen), structural support for cells (cellulose and chitin), food (starch) |
| Proteins | Amino acids; each has a central (alpha) carbon attached to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain | Myosin, keratin | Regulatory, structural, protective, contractile, transport, and storage |
| Lipids | Carbon-hydrogen bonds; hydrocarbon chains and glycerol | Fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids | Energy storage (fats), insulation, building blocks of hormones, major part of the plasma membrane |
| Nucleic acids | Nucleotides (phosphate group, nitrogen base, and a sugar: ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA) | DNA, RNA | Carry the cell’s genetic material and give instructions for how the cell works |
A few more points the module stresses:
- Carbohydrates are grouped as simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and complex sugars (polysaccharides).
- Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most varied functions. Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds.
- Lipids are hydrophobic (“fear of water”). They are nonpolar, so they do not dissolve in water.
- Phospholipids are lipids that contain a phosphate group. They form the “lipid bilayer” of the cell membrane.
- DNA carries genetic material and is found in all living organisms.
Activities in the module
- What I Know: a 15-item multiple-choice pretest.
- What’s In: identify the polarity and type of intermolecular forces of water, ammonia, and carbon monoxide.
- What’s New: a macromolecule word puzzle.
- Activity 1, Fill Me Up: complete a table of monomer, polymer, function, composition, example, and source for each macromolecule.
- Activity 2: match monomers with their macromolecules and their polymers, for example amino acid with protein and glucose with starch.
- What I Can Do: short-answer questions. For example, why can most animals not digest cellulose, and what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?
- Assessment: a 15-item multiple-choice post-test.
- Additional Activities: complete a graphic organizer on the four macromolecules.
How to use this module
For learners: Answer What I Know first. The module says that if you get a perfect score, you may skip the module. Then work through each part in order and finish one task before starting the next. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper, not on the module. You can check your What’s More answers with the Answer Key at the end. Be honest when you check, and return the module to your teacher when you are done.
For parents: Help your child keep a steady pace and a separate answer sheet. Encourage them to ask the teacher for help when a task is hard.
For teachers: Show learners how to use the module, track their progress, and give feedback, as the Notes to the Teacher advise. Review the answer key before you use it for checking. Some entries do not match the lesson text. For example, the lesson names starch, not glycogen, as the plants’ food store.
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this Physical Science module for?
It is Quarter 1, Module 5 of Physical Science for Senior High School. The module addresses Grade 11/12 learners.
What are the four biological macromolecules covered?
The module covers carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. For each one, it explains what it is made of, gives examples, and lists its functions.
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer?
A monomer is the basic, smallest unit of a macromolecule. A polymer is a large molecule made of many similar monomers joined by covalent bonds, for example glucose monomers forming starch.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. It has answers for the pretest, Activity 1, Activity 2, and the Assessment. A few entries do not match the lesson text, so check them against the discussion.
Who coined the word macromolecule?
According to the module, Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger coined the term in 1920.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Physical Science Quarter 1 – Module 5: Exploring the Structure and Function of Biological Molecules
Senior High School
GOVERNMENT PROPERTY NOT FOR SALE
Physical Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 –Module 5: Exploring the Structure and Function of Biological Molecules First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work creates shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
There are borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) that included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Beverly Joy O. Lorenzo & Daniel A. Lorenzo Editors: Joey H. Villanueva, Arlene C. Malaybalay Reviewers: Tommy R. Rico, Emiterio D. Macarubbo, Maricris N. Surigao Illustrator: Daniel A. Lorenzo Layout Artist: Justine C. Montoya Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Director IV Jennifer Vivas, CLMD Chief Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in-charge of LRMS Micah S. Pacheco, Regional ADM Coordinator Jocelyn M. Aliñab, CID Chief Tommy R. Rico, Division in-charge of LRMS and Division ADM Coordinator
Department of Education – National Capital Region
Office Address: Misamis St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City Telefax: 02-929-0153 E-mail Address: depednc r@deped.gov.ph
Physical Science Quarter 1 – Module 5: Exploring the Structure and Function of Biological Molecules
Senior High School
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to Physical Science Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Biological Macromolecule Structure and Function!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed to assist the teachers/facilitators in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st – century skills while taking into consideration their needs.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
[icon]
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator, orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their learning. Furthermore, please encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner
Welcome to Physical Science 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Biological macromolecule structure and its function!
Our hands are the most represented parts of the human body. They are often used to depict skill, action, and purpose. With our hands, we create, accomplish, and learn. Hence, you are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts:
What I Need to Know: This part will give you an idea of the skills or competencies that you are expected to learn in the module.
What I Know: This part includes an activity that will check what you already know about the lesson. If you get all the correct answers (100%), you may decide to skip this module.
What’s In: This drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New: In this portion, the new lesson is introduced to you in various ways through a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
What is It: This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. It aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More: This part comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned: This part includes questions or blank sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do: This section provides an activity that will help you transfer your new knowledge or skills into real-life situations.
Assessment: This part is a task that aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency.
Additional Activities: In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.
Answer Key: This part contains answers to all activities in the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
- References: This part is a list of all sources used in development of this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
- Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
- Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities in the module.
- Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
- Observe honesty and integrity in doing the module and in checking your answers.
- Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next activity.
- Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It aims to help you master the principles governing the structures and functions of biological macromolecules. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons follow the standard sequence of the course.
This module consists of one lesson:
- Lesson 1 – Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules
By the end of this module, you can:
- Describe the different biological molecules;
- Compare and contrast the biological macromolecule in terms of structure; and
- Appreciate the importance of biological macromolecules in our life by citing their functions.
Notes to the Teacher
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This module provides learning activities that encourage self-directed learning. Moreover, your role is to facilitate the learning process by providing a clear understanding of how to maximize the use of this module, monitor the development of our learners, scaffold the acquisition of learning to achieve target mastery level, and provide positive feedback regarding their progress.
What I Know
DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which macromolecules contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?
- a. Carbohydrates
- b. Lipids
- c. Protein
- d. Nucleic acid
2. Which type of bond exists between amino acids?
- a. Ester
- b. Glycosidic
- c. Phosphodiester
- d. Peptide
3. Which macromolecules contain a nitrogen base?
- a. Carbohydrates
- b. Lipids
- c. Protein
- d. Nucleic acid
4. Which is NOT an example of carbohydrates?
- a. Cellulose
- b. Chitin
- c. Starch
- d. Sugar
5. Which is NOT an example of an amino acid?
- a. Alanine
- b. Ascorbic acid
- c. Lysine
- d. Valine
6. What year did Nobel Laureate Staudinger coin the word “macromolecule”?
- a. 1910
- b. 1920
- c. 1930
- d. 1940
7. Which refers to the smallest unit of macromolecule?
- a. Amino acid
- b. Monomer
- c. Polymer
- d. Sucrose
8. Which of the following type of bonds links monomers of macromolecule?
- a. Covalent
- b. Ionic
- c. Hydrogen
- d. Peptide
9. Which is NOT an example of polymers of carbohydrates?
- a. Galactose
- b. Lactose
- c. Maltose
- d. Sucrose
10. Which is NOT an example of monomers of carbohydrates?
- a. Galactose
- b. Glucose
- c. Fructose
- d. Lactose
11. Which of the following serves as storage of energy for plants?
- a. Chitin
- b. Cellulose
- c. Glycogen
- d. Starch
12. Structural and contractile are functions being performed by what molecule?
- a. Carbohydrates
- b. Lipids
- c. Protein
- d. Nucleic acid
13. Which is NOT an example of lipids?
- a. Fats
- b. Starch
- c. Steroid
- d. Wax
14. Which of the following is a function being performed by lipids in our body?
- a. Contractile
- b. Insulation
- c. Structural
- d. Transport
15. Carrying genetic materials is performed by what biological macromolecule?
- a. Carbohydrates
- b. Lipids
- c. Protein
- d. Nucleic acid
[transcriber’s note: the pages supplied for this part are labeled 1 to 8 in the attachment and carry printed page numbers 6 to 12. The content is “Lesson 1: Structure and Function of Biological Molecules,” which may not match the file name “Physical-Science-Q1-Module-5.pdf.” Transcribed here as supplied, with page markers 9 to 16.]
Lesson 1 Structure and Function of Biological Molecules
“Biochemistry is the science of life. All our life processes-walking, talking, moving, feeding- are essentially chemical reactions. So, biochemistry is the chemistry of life, and it’s supremely interesting.” – Aaron Ciechanover
What’s In
Directions: Identify the polarity and type of intermolecular forces of the compounds below:
| COMPOUND | POLARITY | TYPE OF IMFA |
|---|---|---|
| Water (H₂O) | ||
| Ammonia (NH₃) | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) |
What’s New
Macromolecule Word Puzzle
Directions: Study the table below. Encircle the words which are related to biological macromolecules. Look for the meaning of the encircled words and add them to your prior knowledge.
| A | P | O | L | Y | M | E | R | C | O | V | A | L | E | N | T | L | P | L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | C | A | R | B | O | H | Y | D | R | A | T | E | S | U | I | I | R | S |
| M | A | C | R | O | M | O | L | E | C | U | L | E | S | H | O | P | O | A |
| G | F | R | M | O | N | O | M | E | R | E | T | N | Y | O | L | I | T | N |
| F | O | R | G | A | N | I | C | R | N | A | G | Z | W | A | X | D | E | G |
| A | M | I | N | O | A | C | I | D | T | T | F | Y | C | I | P | S | I | T |
| T | M | O | L | E | C | U | L | E | D | W | A | M | D | N | A | R | N | E |
| S | S | U | G | A | R | O | I | L | J | D | E | E | V | S | G | D | D | W |
What is It
Structure and Functions of Biological Macromolecules
Biological macromolecules are large molecules that are important components of living systems. Performing a variety of functions, they are vital to sustaining life. The term “macromolecule” was coined in 1920 by Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger. Staudinger was also the first to assert that large biological molecules are made up and formed by covalently bonded sub-units.
Monomers and Polymers
Macromolecules perform a crucial role in our cell structure and processes. Majority of biological macromolecules are polymers and are made of covalently linked basic units called monomers. All the monomers which made up a polymer are typically similar or at least highly similar to one another, and are bonded to form a larger unit or larger macromolecule. Monomers that link with other monomers in various combinations result in the formation of polymers, which have different structures and functions.
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon and hydrate (H + O). They are classified as simple or complex sugars. Simple sugars are monosaccharides and disaccharides, while complex sugars are polysaccharides. Carbohydrates serve as primary source of energy for man, storage of energy (glycogen), structural support for cell (cellulose & chitin), food (starch).
[illustration: structural diagram of glucose; printed label: MONOMER: GLUCOSE]
[illustration: structural diagram of starch; printed label: POLYMER: STARCH]
Proteins are polymers of amino acids arranged in a linear sequence of amino acid which is also consist of a central carbon atom (alpha) attached to an amino acid group, a carboxyl group, hydrogen atom and variable component known as side chain. It is known as the most abundant organic molecules in living systems, and have the most diverse functions which include regulatory, structural, protective, contractile, transport, and storage.
Lipids are hydrophobic, nonpolar molecules containing carbon-hydrogen bonds. They are insoluble in water. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids and perform many different functions such as energy storage (fats), provide insulation, building blocks of hormones, and a major constituent of the plasma membrane.
[illustration: structural diagram of a fatty acid; printed label: SATURATED FATTY ACID]
[illustration: structural diagram of a steroid; printed label: STEROID]
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are biological macromolecules vital in the continuity of life. Nucleic acid carries the genetic material of a cell and provides instructions for the functioning of the cell. There are two main types of nucleic acids the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA carries genetic material found in all living organisms.
[illustration: nucleotide diagram; printed labels: PHOSPHATE, NITROGEN BASE, RIBOSE]
What’s More
Activity 1 Fill Me Up
Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of the composition, function, and sources of different biological macromolecules.
Directions: Complete the table below.
| Lipids | Proteins | Nucleic Acid | Carbohydrates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monomer | ||||
| Polymer | ||||
| Function | ||||
| Composition | ||||
| Example | ||||
| Source |
Activity 2 Molecular
Objective: Identify the polymers and monomers of the different macromolecules.
Directions: Match the monomers on the left with the macromolecules on the right. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
| Monomers | Macromolecules |
|---|---|
| _____1. Fatty acids and glycerol | A. Protein |
| _____2. Monosaccharide | B. Lipid |
| _____3. Nucleotide | C. Nucleic acid |
| _____4. Amino acid | D. Carbohydrate |
Directions: Match the monomers on the left with the polymers on the right. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
| Monomers | Polymers |
|---|---|
| _____1. Amino acid | A. DNA |
| _____2. Fatty acids and glycerol | B. Triglyceride |
| _____3. Glucose | C. Starch |
What I Have Learned
- Biological macromolecules are composed of organic molecules. They are essential in different biological processes as they perform a wide variety of functions.
- Hydrophobic means “fear of water”. Hydrophobic molecules repel water because they are non-polar.
- Polymers are substances that contain a large number of similar units known as monomers which are bonded together.
- Monomers are basic molecules. Monomers interact and react with other molecules to form a polymer chain or three-dimensional structure. This process is known as polymerization.
- Phospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecules contain a phosphate group. Phospholipids are major components of the cell membrane where they form the so-called “lipid bilayer”.
What I Can Do
Directions: Based on your understanding of this module, briefly answer the following questions regarding the functions and importance of biological macromolecules to us.
- Explain why an enzyme may be capable of breaking down starch but may not be able to break down cellulose.
- Why do plant cells contain cellulose but animal cells do not?
- How does the structure of macromolecules relate to their respective functions?
- Why can’t most animals digest cellulose?
- Differentiate saturated and unsaturated fat.
- Discuss the role of fats in various health-related problems.
Assessment
DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
- Which elements serve as the main composition of carbohydrates?
- a. C, O, H
- b. C, N, H
- c. C, O, N
- d. C, P, O
- Which of the following element is part of Nucleic acids composition?
- a. He
- b. N
- c. S
- d. S
- Which type of bond exists between amino acids?
- a. Ester
- b. Ionic
- c. Glycosidic
- d. Peptide
- Which macromolecule contains a nitrogenous base?
- a. Carbohydrates
- b. Lipids
- c. Nucleic acid
- d. Protein
- Which is an example of protein?
- a. Adenine
- b. Chitin
- c. Steroids
- d. Wax
- Which is NOT an example of polymers of carbohydrates?
- a. Galactose
- b. Lactose
- c. Maltose
- d. Sucrose
- Which of the following is a function of lipids in our body?
- a. Contractile
- b. Insulation
- c. Structural
- d. Transport
- Which is NOT an example of lipids?
- a. Fats
- b. Starch
- c. Steroid
- d. Wax
- What year did Nobel Laureate Staudinger coined “Macromolecule”?
- a. 1910
- b. 1920
- c. 1930
- d. 1940
- Which refers to the smallest unit of macromolecule?
- a. Amino acid
- b. Monomer
- c. Polymer
- d. Sucrose
- Carrying genetic materials is performed by what biological macromolecule?
- a. Carbohydrates
- b. Lipids
- c. Protein
- d. Nucleic acid
- Structural and contractile are functions being performed by what molecule?
- a. Carbohydrates
- b. Lipids
- c. Protein
- d. Nucleic acid
- Which type of bond links monomers of macromolecule?
- a. Covalent
- b. Ionic
- c. Hydrogen
- d. Peptide
- Which is NOT an example of monomers of carbohydrates?
- a. Galactose
- b. Glucose
- c. Fructose
- d. Lactose
- Which of the following serves as storage of energy for plants?
- a. Chitin
- b. Cellulose
- c. Glycogen
- d. Starch
Additional Activities
Building My Macromolecule Concept
Objective: Demonstrate mastery of the biological macromolecule structure and composition by completing the graphic organizer.
Directions: Based on your understanding of our lesson, complete the graphic organizer by writing the appropriate word/s that will complete the concept of biological macromolecules.
[chart: organizer; root box “BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES” with four branches labeled PROTEIN, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACID, CARBOHYDRATES, each with the printed boxes below]
| PROTEIN | LIPIDS | NUCLEIC ACID | CARBOHYDRATES |
|---|---|---|---|
| DETAILS | DETAILS | DETAILS | DETAILS |
| EXAMPLE | EXAMPLE | EXAMPLE | EXAMPLE |
| FUNCTION | FUNCTION | FUNCTION | FUNCTION |
| FUNCTION | FUNCTION | FUNCTION | FUNCTION |
Answer Key
Assessment
- A
- B
- D
- C
- B
- A
- B
- B
- B
- B
- D
- C
- A
- D
- C [?]
Know What I
[transcriber’s note: the label “Know What I” is printed stacked and rotated; read as “What I Know”]
- A
- D
- D
- B
- A
- B
- B
- A
- A
- D
- C
- C
- B
- B
- D
Activity 2
- B
- D
- C
- A
- A
- B
- C
[chart: flowchart; answer key for the Additional Activities graphic organizer, printed upside down; root “BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES” with branches PROTEIN, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACID, CARBOHYDRATES; box text is printed upside down and is only partly legible, so the box entries are not transcribed]
Activity 1
[transcriber’s note: the column headings of this answer key table are printed in the bottom row; they are placed as the header row here]
| Carbohydrates | Nucleic Acid | Proteins | Lipids | Activity 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruits, starch | DNA RNA | Meat products | Fats, nuts, oils | Source |
| Cellulose Sugar, starch, | DNA RNA | Myosin, Keratin | Fats, steroids | Examples |
| Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen | Nitrogenous base, Ribose (RNA), Deoxyribose (DNA), Phosphate group | Consist of a central carbon atom (alpha) attached to an amino acid group, a carboxyl group, hydrogen atom and variable component known as side chain | Hydrocarbon chain Glycerol molecules, | Composition |
| Serve as primary source of energy for man, storage of energy (glycogen), structural support for cell (cellulose & chitin), food (starch). | Nucleic acid carries the genetic material of a cell and provides instructions for the functioning of the cell | Storage, or Transport, Contractile, Protective, Structural, Regulatory | Provide insulation, building blocks of hormones, and a major constituent of the plasma membrane | Function |
| Polysaccharide | DNA, RNA | Waxes | Polymer | |
| Monosaccharide | Nucleotides | Amino Acid | Glycerol | Monomer |
| Carbohydrates | Nucleic Acid | Proteins | Lipids | Activity 1 |
References
Bayo-ang, Roly., Coronacion, Maria Lourdes., Jorda, Annamae., & Restubog, Anna Jamille. Physical Science for Senior High School (1st edition). Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation, 2017.
DepEd. K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Physical Science Curriculum Guide. Learning Resource Portal, 2020. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/14519
DepEd. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). Teach Pinas, 2020. https://www.teachpinas.com/k-12-most-essential-learning-competencies-melc/
Malenab, Ryan., Catchiller, Gerry., Vibal, Pablito., & Martinez, Felipe. Essentials of Physical Science. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, 2016.
Punzalan, Jervy., & Monserrat, Richard. Science in Today’s World for Senior High School: Physical Science. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2016.
Santiago, Karen., & Silverio, Angelina. Exploring Life through Science: Physical Science. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing, 2016.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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