Oral Communication in Context Quarter 1 Module 6: Types of Speeches

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1 – Module 6: Types of Speeches

[illustration: students reading and studying outdoors and indoors, a teacher at a desk, students with a globe, and a boy studying by lamplight]

CO_Q1_Oral Communication in Context SHS_Module 6 L1

Oral Communication in Context Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Types of Speeches First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Maria Criselda M. Reyes

Editor: Joselito E. Calios

Reviewers: Joselito E. Calios, Wilma Q. Del Rosario, Jenorie P. San Agustin, Arlene I. Donor, Aillen G. Sumagaysay,

Illustrator: Hannah Krystelle Q. Del Rosario, Ernesto D. Tabios

Lay-out Artists: Elinette B. Dela Cruz, Fegenius N. Rosas

Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Micah S. Pacheco, Dennis M. Mendoza, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, Carolina T. Rivera, Manuel A. Laguerta, Joselito E. Calios, Wilma Q. Del Rosario

Printed in the Philippines by _____

Department of Education – National Capital Region

Office Address: Misamis St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City Telefax: 02-929-0153 E-mail Address: depednc r@deped.gov.ph

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1 – Module 6: Types of Speeches

Senior High School

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Nature of Communication. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is about Types of Speech.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• distinguish types of speeches according to purpose;
• use principles of effective speech delivery in different contexts;
• differentiate the types of speech delivery;
• identify the speech used in different situations;
• write a sample speech according to purpose; and
• apply learning and thinking skills, life skills, and ICT literacy in understanding the principles of speech delivery.

A speaker communicates for five reasons which is called Functions of Communication. But a speaker also creates a speech based on the purpose he or she wants to achieve. These purposes are called the Goals of Speech. It becomes obvious as the speaker shows through the speech what he/she wants to achieve. The speaker through the speech can make one think, change one’s mind, or smile or laugh.

What I Know

Directions. Read each statement below carefully. Write T if you think the statement is TRUE and F if you think the statement is FALSE.

1. The after-dinner speech is a typical example of an entertaining speech.

   
   

2. The speaker in Informative speech provides pleasure and enjoyment that make the audience laugh or identify with anecdotal information.

   
   

3. Inspirational speech serves to provide interesting and useful information to your audience.

   
   

4. Demonstrative speech has many similarities with an informative speech.

   
   

5. The topic “Becoming a volunteer and change the world” is an example topic for Persuasive Speech.

   
   

Lesson 1: Types of Speeches

What’s In

The speaker through the speech can make one think, change one’s smile, or smile or laugh. The purposes of speech are studied in order to deepen one’s knowledge and learn how to apply them in one’s own speech. The four types of speech according to purpose are Informative, Persuasive, Inspirational, and Entertainment.

What’s New

Directions. Identify the type of speech described. Choose your answer from the options below.

Informative | Entertaining | Inspirational | Persuasive

1. It aims to make the audience smile.
2. It aims to teach the audience something new.
3. Its objective is to convince people to change their ways.
4. It helps the audience to gain confidence when feeling low.
5. It aims to show people why one thing is more important than the other.

What is It

[illustration: a speaker at a podium with a microphone addressing a seated audience]

Types of Speech According to Purpose

Informative Speech

An informative speech is given for the purpose of providing information about a topic to the audience. To write an informative speech, you first choose a topic-either one that you already know about or one that you are willing to research and learn about. Then, you outline and draft your informative speech based on the topic, key points, and details and information you want to give about your topic. Make sure you catch your audience’s attention and that you summarize key points and “take-aways” as you go.

The main types of informative speeches include definition, descriptive, explanatory, and demonstrative.

A definition speech explains the meaning, theory, or philosophy of a specific topic that the audience likely does not know much about. The topics may be general, such as a sport, or highly specific, like a particular person. The main goal of this speech is to educate the audience so that they understand the main points regarding this subject.

A demonstration speech explains how to do something. If you have ever sat through a lecture where a teacher explained how to create a bibliography, then you have heard a demonstration speech. Like most informative speeches, a how-to speech will likely use visual examples that show the audience how to move from step to step through a particular activity. Visualizations help the audience retain what each step looks like, increasing the likelihood that they will retain the overall information of the speech.

An explanatory speech might give a description of the state of a given topic. As an example, consider the types of speeches that are given at industry conferences. The goal of these speeches is for the speaker to inform the audience on a particular part of an industry. Commonly, these will also utilize visualizations that give the audience a visual representation of the particular data or statistics contained in the speech. This is one way to condense highly complex information into an easily retainable package for the audience.

A descriptive speech creates a vivid picture in a person’s mind regarding an object, person, animal, or place. An archaeologist who has discovered a new temple in South America or a paleontologist who believes they have found a new dinosaur may use a descriptive speech to inform an interested audience about their recent discoveries.

As all of these types make clear, there are many ways that a given set of information can be communicated in a speech. When deciding what type of informative speech you want to write and deliver, consider what you want the audience to know about your topic.

Examples:

1. College professor lecturing on a specific topic during a class
2. Guest speaker presenting information to a group of students about how to apply for college
3. Company president presenting information about last quarter’s sales to a group of board members

Excerpt: 100 days of COVID-19 in the Philippines: How WHO supported the Philippine response

“Surveillance is a critical component and is used to detect cases of COVID-19 as well as to understand the disease dynamics and trends and identify hotspots of disease transmission. The Department of Health included COVID-19 in the list of nationally notifiable diseases early in the outbreak to ensure that information was being collected to guide appropriate response actions. Existing surveillance systems were capitalized upon to speed up identification of cases as well as identify unusual clusters. Laboratory confirmation is a critical component of the surveillance system but cannot be the only sources of information. The non-specific symptoms and the novel nature of the disease means that the DOH, with support from WHO, are looking at all available information sources to guide response decision making. WHO also provided technical assistance to selected local government units to strengthen field surveillance for timely data for action at the local level.”

Source: https://www.who.int/philippines/news/feature-stories/detail/100-days-of-covid-19-in-the-philippines-how-who-supported-the-philippine-response

Persuasive Speech

A persuasive speech is given for the purpose of persuading the audience to feel a certain way, to take a certain action, or to support a specific view or cause. To write a persuasive speech, you choose a topic about which people disagree or can have differing opinions. Your persuasive argument will be made stronger if you can demonstrate that you are passionate about the topic and have a strong opinion one way or the other. Then, you outline and draft your persuasive speech by taking a position on the topic and outlining your support for your position. It is often helpful to also discuss why the “other side” is incorrect in their beliefs about the topic. Make sure you catch your audience’s attention and that you summarize key points and “take-aways” as you go.

Examples:

1. A teenager attempting to convince her parents that she needs to be able to stay out until 11pm instead of 10pm
2. A student council president trying to convince school administrators to allow the students to have a dance after the final football game of the season
3. A lawyer giving a closing argument in court, arguing about whether the defendant is innocent or guilty of the crime

Here is an excerpt from a speech entitled “Poverty in the Philippines”.

“I said earlier that it would be far off from reality that poverty would be solved, why? Because first, we should identify the cause of poverty and from there it would be solved. So what do you think the cause ladies and gentlemen? Is it overpopulation? Unemployment? Pollution? Lack of education? Poor governance? Or is it corruption? Ladies and gentlemen all of these are the causes and who should we blame? Who do you think we should blame? The government? Yes, certainly it is. But who’s more to blame are the citizens. Yes, it is us. Every Filipino, every people are to blame and why it is us? Just imagine if all people have proper discipline, what would our country be? A nice, clean, peaceful country. Who wouldn’t want to see a Philippines like that? No pollution, less crime, no corruption. For only if its people are disciplined, the politicians, the workers, professionals, students, the old ones and even kids, this country could be developed and fight for poverty.”

Source: http://bloodelfrai.blogspot.com/2013/03/persuasive-speech-example.html

Inspirational Speech

Inspirational Speech is a kind of speech that convinces people they can succeed in life. This speech includes uplifting stories that the speaker thinks the people listening to it will be moved and inspired to do greater and better things in their life.

Edmund Chow, a motivational speaker, explained how to structure a motivational or inspirational speech

“For you, you would need to find the monster figures in your life. They could be oppressive colleagues, bosses, teacher, parents, or other authoritative figures. Ask:

What did they prevent you from doing, or from becoming?

In your pursuit to “slay the dragon” or “overcome this monster”, what steps, strategies, or hacks did you take with you on your journey? Retrace the steps and find out what you did. Ask:

What did I do at Level 1? And then when it happened again, how did I react and was it successful? What happened next? How did I become better? Did I run away/ escape from its control? Did I stand up for my own rights instead?

You see, the things you did are the things that helped develop your values — your inner strength, your resilience, your determination and your authenticity in becoming who you are. And that’s the inspiring part.

Make the emotional connection for your audience and invite them to take similar actions. This is where you can motivate them to regain their confidence or faith in themselves or in a higher power. This is also important in helping them connect with your story heart-to-heart, where they can feel you and can empathize with you. But, more importantly, because they see that you have done it, they now know that it’s possible for them too. That’s the positive effect you want in your audience. “

Source: How to structure a motivational speech – and what does the wolf have to do with it? | Public Speaking Strategies (wordpress.com)

Here is an excerpt from Inspirational Speech delivered by Steve Jobs in 2005 at Stanford University.

Source: 13 Inspiring Graduation Speeches and How to Write One | Fairygodboss

“When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: ‘If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.’ It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: ‘If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?’ And whenever the answer has been ‘No’ for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.”

Entertainment Speech

The primary purpose of the speech is to entertain, to have the audience relax, smile and enjoy the occasion. The speech should have a central theme or a focus [illegible] The sole purpose is to have the audience enjoy the presentation. There are many ways to entertain the audience. You can tell jokes, tell funny stories, dramatize an anecdote tell a scary story

[transcriber’s note: a character in the printed text did not render; shown as [illegible]]

Common Forms of Entertainment Topics

There are three basic types of entertaining speeches: the after-dinner speech, the ceremonial speech, and the inspirational speech. The after-dinner speech is a form of speaking where a speaker takes a serious speech topic (either informative or persuasive) and injects a level of humor into the speech to make it entertaining.

A ceremonial speech is a type of entertaining speech where the specific context of the speech is the driving force of the speech. Common types of ceremonial speeches include introductions, toasts, and eulogies.

The final type of entertaining speech is one where the speaker’s primary goal is to inspire her or his audience. Inspirational speeches are based in emotion with the goal to motivate listeners to alter their lives in some significant way.

The following is an excerpt from a speech by an undergraduate student named Adam Fink. Notice that the tenor of this speech is persuasive but that it persuades in a more inspiring way than just building and proving an argument.

“Graduates, we are not here to watch as our siblings, our parents, friends, or other family walk across this stage. We are here because today is our graduation day. I am going to go off on a tangent for a little bit. Over the past umpteen years, I have seen my fair share of graduations and ceremonies. In fact, I remember getting dragged along to my older brothers’ and sisters’ graduations, all 8,000 of them – at least it seems like there were that many now. Seriously, I have more family members than friends.

I remember sitting here in these very seats, intently listening to the president and other distinguished guests speak, again saying welcome and thank you for coming. Each year, I got a little bit better at staying awake throughout the entire ceremony. Every time I would come up with something new to keep myself awake, daydreams, pinching my arms, or pulling leg hair; I was a very creative individual.

I am proud to say that I have been awake for the entirety of this ceremony. I would like to personally thank my classmates and colleagues sitting around me for slapping me every time I even thought about dozing off. Personal story, check and now, application!”

Source: PRDV008: Entertaining Speeches | Saylor Academy

What’s More

[illustration: hand placing blocks in a circle]

Directions. Write the type of speech that is appropriate for the following.

1. To teach the audience the importance of exercise. _____
2. To have the audience be amused by a dance performance_____
3. To have the audience understand cultural diversities _____
4. To have the audience support the school project _____
5. To have the audience participate in an anti-pollution _____
6. To have the audience start a small business _____
7. To encourage the audience attend a concert _____
8. To explain the importance of family bonding _____
9. To teach the audience the importance of exercise _____
10. To have the audience be amused by a dance performance_____

What I Have Learned

[illustration: hand holding a light bulb]

Directions. Complete the statement by writing the appropriate term in the blanks.

1. A/An _____ speech explains the meaning, theory, or philosophy of a specific topic that the audience likely does not know much about.
2. A/An _____ speech includes uplifting stories that will inspire audience.
3. A/An _____ speech convinces the audience to support a specific view or cause.
4. A/An _____ speech makes the audience happy.
5. A/An _____ moves the audience to make life better.

What I Can Do

[illustration: hand holding hexagonal nuts]

Directions. In the second column, write at least two purposes of each type of speech. Use action words or phrases to answer.

Type of Speech: According to Purpose	Purpose
1. Informative	To inform, to explain
2. Entertainment
3. Persuasive
4. Inspirational

Assessment

[illustration: hand holding a pencil]

Directions. Read each question below and explain your answer into two to three sentences only.

1. If given a chance to speak in a crowd, what topic of informative speech would you share and why?

If I would be given a chance to speak in a crowd, I will choose the topic on how to be responsible in using social media because teenagers like me should learn how to be polite.

2. If given a chance to speak in congress, what law would you like them to pass and why? How would you convince them to pass the law?

   
   

3. If given a chance to speak on your best friend’s party, what hidden good attitude would you share to the crowd and why?

   
   

4. If given a chance to speak to your fellow youth today, what topic will you share to inspire them?

   
   

Additional Activities

[illustration: hand holding gears]

Directions. Choose and write one type of speech according to purpose. The speech can be about any topic. It should have three paragraphs: introduction, body, and conclusion. Apply what you have learned in the lesson.

Content: 30 pts.

Includes relevant details

Organization: 30 pts.

Introduction: Gets attention, clearly identifies topic, establishes credibility and previews the main points

Body: Main points are clear, well supported, and sources are documented

Conclusion: Reviews main points and brings closure

Word Choice: 20 pts.

Effective and engaging use of words

Conventions: 20 pts.

Consistent agreement between parts of speech. Uses correct punctuation, capitalization etc.

Answer Key

[illustration: key]

[transcriber’s note: the answer key on this page is printed upside down; it is transcribed as it reads after rotation]

What I Know

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T

What’s New

1. Entertaining
2. Informative
3. Persuasive
4. Inspirational
5. Persuasive

What’s More

1. Persuasive
2. Entertaining
3. Informative
4. Persuasive
5. Persuasive
6. Persuasive
7. Persuasive
8. Informative

What I Have learned

1. Informative
2. Inspirational
3. Persuasive
4. Entertaining
5. Inspirational

References

Antonino, M. M., Salvosa, A.D., Buhain, V.I., Mande, R.C., Tangonan, O.L. “Oral Communication In Context for Senior High School.” Mutya Publishing House, 2016.

Anudin, Ali G. and Andrew Rey Pena. Oral Communication. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc., 2016.

Balgos, Anne Richie G. and Sipacio, John Philippe F. Oral Communication in Context for Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc., 2016

Boundless. “Boundless Communications.” Lumen. Accessed May 25, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-communications/chapter/introduction-to-informative-speaking/.

“Defining a Persuasive Speech.” Defining a Persuasive Speech: Public Speaking/Speech Communication. Accessed May 25, 2020. https://lumen.instructure.com/courses/218897/pages/linkedtext54300.

Flores, Ramona S. Oral Communication in Context. Manila: Rex Book Store, 2016

“Informative Speaking.” Writing@CSU. Accessed May 25, 2020. https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/page.cfm?pageid=1048&guideid=52.

Using common organizing patterns. Accessed May 25, 2020. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_stand-up-speak-out-the-practice-and-ethics-of-public-speaking/s13-02-using-common-organizing-patter.html.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph