This is Quarter 2, Module 11 of Oral Communication in Context, a Senior High School self-learning module from the Department of Education (First Edition, 2020). Its one lesson, Lesson 10: Principles of Speech Delivery, comes after learners have already written their own speech. It teaches them how to deliver that speech well in front of an audience.
By the end of the module, learners record and submit their own speech, which the teacher grades with a rubric.
On this page 6 sections
What learners will learn
After going through this module, learners are expected to:
- practice articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and movements, and rapport with the audience; and
- deliver a speech to an audience, observing the principles of effective speech delivery they have learned.
The five principles of speech delivery
The module describes public speaking as a way of sharing ideas, insights, and information with an audience through both spoken and visual symbols. It cites Beebe and Beebe (1997), who call public speaking “both an art and science.” Speech delivery is the final step of speech communication. The module names five principles every effective speaker should follow.
| Principle | What it means in the module |
|---|---|
| 1. Articulation | Clear pronunciation and diction. The speaker must know how to say every word correctly, familiar or not, and use proper breathing and correct sound production. Poorly articulated words make a speech useless. |
| 2. Modulation | Voice quality: adjusting vocal tone, resonance, and timbre so the voice sounds pleasant, not flat, high-pitched, or screechy. It also means controlling the flow and rhythm of the speech. It matters with or without a microphone. |
| 3. Stage presence | The ability to “own the stage”: to fill the space and project one’s personality. Its opposite is stage fright. A good speaker may feel fear at the start but overcomes it. |
| 4. Facial expressions, gestures, and movements | These reinforce the message. Facial expressions should change with the content. Gestures and movements highlight key points and help the audience follow important details. |
| 5. Audience rapport | Connecting with listeners. It builds on audience analysis from earlier lessons, which tells the speaker what material will appeal to the audience and how to reach them at a deeper level. |
Key takeaways
The module’s summary includes two quotes worth remembering:
- Oliver and Cortright: “a speaker, like a rifleman, ought first to make sure of his target.” In other words, a speaker succeeds by preparing well.
- Lilly Walters: “the success of your presentation or speech, will be judged not by the knowledge you send but with what the listener receives.”
Activities in this module
- What I Know (pretest): Watch two speakers on YouTube and compare them across the six areas: articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and movements, and rapport with the audience. The module’s references list the two videos as “The Girl Who Silenced the World for 5 Minutes” and “Bad Public Speaking Example 1.”
- What’s New: Watch Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech. Answer six questions about its message, its audience, its strategies, and whether it convinced you. Then rate it from 1 to 10.
- What’s More: With a seatmate, analyze the speech you wrote in the previous lesson using a speech analysis template. Then draft a personal speech on one of four topics:
- Graft and Corruption in Government
- Sex and Violence in Filipino Movies
- Cellphone/Computer: Boon or Bane
- The Value of Lifelong Learning
- What I Can Do: Record your speech on a phone or other gadget. Post it to Google Drive or another platform for your teacher to view and grade.
- Assessment: Watch a speech by the late Senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr. and rate it with the rubric. Then exchange work with classmates and evaluate theirs.
- Additional Activities: Videotape one of your speeches and list five strong points and five points to improve. Then check whether your introduction is adequate and your conclusion meaningful and powerful.
The speech rubric
The speech task and the assessment use the same rubric. It scores four skills from 3 (highest) to 0:
- use of verbal and nonverbal language
- word use
- content
- delivery: posture, eye contact, gestures, facial expressions, volume, and pace
How to use this module
- Learners: Start with the pretest, then work through the parts in order. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper, not on the module. Answer the post-test at the end to check your own learning. Many activities need internet access to watch the videos.
- Parents: Help your child find a quiet space and a phone or gadget to record the speech. The module includes notes for facilitators and parents on supporting home learning.
- Teachers: The answer key marks most activities as “answers may vary.” Grade the speech task and the assessment with the module’s rubric. Have selected learners share their pretest observations and report their speech analysis findings in class.
Frequently asked questions
What grade and quarter is this Oral Communication in Context module for?
It is a Senior High School module for Quarter 2. It is Module 11 and contains Lesson 10: Principles of Speech Delivery.
What are the five principles of speech delivery?
The module lists articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions with gestures and movements, and audience rapport.
What is the difference between articulation and modulation?
Articulation is clear pronunciation and diction of words. Modulation is the quality and control of the voice, including its tone, flow, and rhythm, so that it sounds pleasant to listeners.
Does the module have an answer key?
Yes. It notes that answers may vary for the pretest, What’s New, and What’s More. The speech task and the assessment are graded by the teacher using the module’s rubric.
What speech topics can learners choose from?
Learners can choose Graft and Corruption in Government; Sex and Violence in Filipino Movies; Cellphone/Computer: Boon or Bane; or The Value of Lifelong Learning.
Full text of the module
The text below is a transcription of the PDF above, as printed.
Oral Communication in Context Quarter 2 – Module 11: Principles of Speech Delivery
Senior High School
[illustration: students reading and studying outdoors and at home, with a globe, a lamp, and a learner writing]
Oral Communication Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 11: Principles of Speech Delivery First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
| Development Team of the Module | |
|---|---|
| Writer: | Gomer O. Agon |
| Editor: | Joselito E. Calios |
| Reviewers: | Joselito E. Calios, Wilma Q. Del Rosario, Cherie M. Olesco, Rufino Delos Santos, Emmanuel B. Penetrante |
| Illustrator: | Hannah Krystelle Q. Del Rosario, Emmerando Martin P. Cruz |
| Lay-out Artists: | Elinette B. Dela Cruz, Lovelyn F. Bargo |
| Management Team: | Wilfredo E. Cabral, Micah S. Pacheco, Dennis M. Mendoza Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, Carolina T. Rivera Manuel A. Laguerta, Joselito E. Calios, Wilma Q. Del Rosario |
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – National Capital Region
Office Address: Misamis St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City Telefax: 02-929-0153 E-mail Address: depedncr@deped.gov.ph
Oral Communication in Context Quarter 2 – Module 11: Principles of Speech Delivery
Senior High School
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
[illustration: hand pointing with a finger]
After learning the different principles, techniques and process in writing, setting a very clear objective you should have in your writing speech, using the principles of effective speech writing and exhibiting appropriate verbal and non – verbal behavior in a given speech context, you are now ready to deliver an effective speech.
Think of a speaker that one has heard and seen. Why do you think the audience would like speech? Is it the speaker’s confidence, articulation or pronunciation of words, appearance, or mastery of the language? All these answers are definitely correct. A good speaker has to have a clear voice and utter words understandably with the audience. The speaker also uses the right facial expressions and appropriate gestures. However, a great speaker talked directly to the audience with a convincing proposition and eye to eye contact. The speaker also moves with confidence on stage showing mastery of Public Communication. In this module, the learners are expected to understand wholeheartedly the principles of speech delivery.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
- practice articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and movements and rapport with the audience; and
- deliver a speech in an audience observing the principles of effective speech delivery learned.
What I Know
[illustration: hand holding a pencil]
Directions: Below are the links of two speakers we have invited for today. Let’s watch them carefully and try to accomplish the template this module has provided for you. Here is the first link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdK0uYjy85o. Let’s watch this and jot down your observation based on what you have watched. Do the same to the second link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YivQYeI0vys. Try to compare and contrast the two speakers by accomplishing the template below.
| PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY | SPEAKER 1 OBSERVATION | SPEAKER 2 OBSERVATION |
|---|---|---|
| Areas to be focused on: 1. Articulation | ||
| 2. Modulation | ||
| 3. Stage Presence | ||
| 4. Facial Expressions | ||
| 5. Gestures and Movements | ||
| 6. Rapport with the Audience |
Selected students share their answers in the class.
Lesson 10: Principles of Speech Delivery
[illustration: hand holding a puzzle piece]
What’s In
It is said that public speaking is a process of imparting ideas, sharing insights and giving information to broaden one’s comprehension and experience. It is a kind of communication matter that involves a speaker delivering a prepared speech to an audience through both oral and visual symbols. According to Beeve and Beeve (1997), public speaking is both an art and science. An efficient public speaker crafts artfully and creatively a message while relying upon time – tested principles of human communication.
This lesson discusses about the different principles of speech delivery focusing on the speaker’s articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and movements and the rapport of the speaker to his/her audience.
[illustration: silhouette of a speaker with a microphone, arm outstretched, facing a large crowd]
What’s New
[illustration: hand holding a sprouting plant]
Directions: Go to youtube.ph and type in https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Martin+Luther+King+Jr.+Speech. Watch and listen to the full version of Martin Luther King Jr. Speech entitled “I Have a Dream.”
Using the chart below, try to scrutinize by honestly giving remarks or feedbacks to Martin Luther King’s Speech.
MY WORKSHEET CHART
| Overall Reaction about the Speech | Remarks |
|---|---|
| 1. What is the speaker trying to point out and the audience to know? | |
| 2. Who do you think is the intended audience of the speaker? Why the particular group? | |
| 3. What strategy(s) did the speaker use in order to make the speech an effective one? | |
| 4. How do you feel about the speaker’s ideas as you listened to the speech? | |
| 5. Were you convinced by the speaker as you listened to the speech? Why or why not? | |
| 6. If you were to rate Martin Luther King’s Speech using the scale of 1-10 where 1 is the lowest and 10 being the highest, what rate could you give? |
What is It
Principles of Speech Delivery
When we speak of Speech Communication, it always ends up with the concluding activity, which is the Speech Delivery. In this lesson, you will be honed on the different principles of speech delivery which will surely prepare you not only physically, mentally and emotionally but also confidently in facing an audience and delivered a great speech. The principles that this lesson will focus on will be thoroughly discussed.
There are several principles of Speech Delivery which an effective speaker needs to follow:
The First Principle of Speech Delivery is Articulation. When a speaker’s words cannot be understood because of poor articulation, the speech might as well not have been delivered at all. Articulation refers to the clear pronunciation or diction and speech which is very essential in effectively transmitting the message. Word choice and grammatical correctness are necessary in writing the speech, but it is highly important to know by the speaker the correct way of saying a word, whether they are familiar or unfamiliar. It also includes proper breathing techniques together with the correct production of sounds that make up words contribute to an efficient articulation. The Second Principle of Speech Delivery: Modulation. Voice quality is the key when we speak of modulation. There is pleasant sounding voice which is soothing to the ears. On the other hand, there is sounding voice that is unpleasant to the ears. Something that sounds flat, high pitch and screeching to listen to. Modulation refers to the capability of the vocal tone to adjust to the resonance and timbre of the voice.
However, a microphone in any speaking engagement requires modulation as the amplifiers will resonate voices further. Nevertheless, with or without the microphone, the speaker should know how to produce a pleasant sound through his/her voice which will bombard the eardrums of the audience. If the speaker produces a well-modulated voice, the audience will pay attention to every details he/she will say. Hence, he/she will be heard and his/her purpose of delivering his/her message will be sent and received clearly and unmistakably.
The Third Principle of the Speech Delivery is Stage Presence. Stage Presence refers to the ability of the speaker to “own the stage,” meaning to be able to fill the space and project his/her personality to the audience. However, the opposite of stage presence is stage fright, which is considered the topmost fear in the world of public speaking. There is a saying that “no one is immune from stage fright,” the moment you stand in front of a large crowd you would always feel this fear. However, a good speaker though would feel fear in speaking in front of an audience should
only feel it in the beginning part of his speech and should always overcome the said fear. If the speaker manages overcoming his/her fear, chances are he/she would deliver the speech victoriously. Otherwise, the speaker will fail to transmit the message he/she has to send to his audience.
The Fourth Principle of Speech Delivery is Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements. It is not just the choice of words and the proper pronunciation that make you an effective speaker and make a successful speech delivery. The message of the speech is being reinforced by the facial expressions, gestures and movements of the speaker. These principles emphasize certain points. Facial Expressions should change with the content of the speech, gestures or movements on the other hand, highlights the points being clarified and direct the audience to follow every word and important details the speaker has to say.
Lastly, the Fifth Principle of Speech Delivery is Audience Rapport. It has been said in the previous lessons that the most important tool for establishing a connection with the audience is an audience analysis. Using those data, the speaker will have an idea on a speech material that would appeal to the audience or listeners. With this data at hand, the speaker would know how to deliver the message to the audience and strike them or connect with his/her listeners at a deeper level.
What’s More
Directions: Using the speech you wrote in the previous lesson, let you and your seatmate discuss and analyze the speech using the speech analysis template below. Write your remarks or observation.
| Indicators: SPEECH ANALYSIS Title of the Speech: Name of the Speaker: Event: | Analysis/Remarks |
|---|---|
| 1. Articulation | |
| 2. Modulation | |
| 3. Stage Presence | |
| 4. Facial Expressions | |
| 5. Gestures and Movements | |
| 6. Audience Rapport |
(Report your findings after the conduct of the “speech analysis” in class.)
Directions: Draft a personal speech on any of the following topics listed below:
a. Graft and Corruption in Government
b. Sex and Violence in Filipino Movies
c. Cellphone/Computer: Boon or Bane
d. The Value of Lifelong Learning
What I Have Learned
- Oliver and Cortright put succinctly that: “a speaker, like a rifleman, ought first to make sure of his target.” This only proved that for the speaker to succeed, he must first be well prepared.
- We have to be familiarized with the different elements involved in delivering a speech successfully.
- Using the principles of effective speech delivery, we would be able to transmit the message we have to transmit clearly and purposively to our audience.
- The Principles of Speech Delivery include: articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and movements and rapport with the audience.
- In articulation, the speaker must know how to pronounce the words clearly and the other elements of utterance, paying attention to critical sound, in modulation, the speaker must know how to control the flow and rhythm of his/her speech, in stage presence, the speaker must have the ability to “own the stage,” meaning to be able to fill the space and project his/her personality to the audience, in facial expressions, gestures and movements, the speaker’s facial expressions should change with the content of the speech, gestures or movements on the other hand, will highlights the points being clarified and direct the audience to follow every word and important details the speaker has to say, and lastly, in the rapport with the audience, it is the most important tool for establishing a connection with the audience.
- To end this recapitulation about our topic, let us put in mind what Lilly Walters said, and I quote, “the success of your presentation or speech, will be judged not by the knowledge you send but with what the listener receives.“
What I Can Do
Directions: Record or video your prepared speech using your mobile phones or any available gadgets you have at hand. Send or post your delivered recorded speech in a google drive or any media platforms or applications you know for your teacher’s viewing and grading. Be guided by the rubric below.
Here are the possible topics you choose:
a. Graft and Corruption in Government
b. Sex and Violence in Filipino Movies
c. Cellphone/Computer: Boon or Bane
d. The Value of Lifelong Learning
Rubric Scoring for a Speech Presentation
| Skill | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Use of Verbal and Nonverbal Language | Verbal and nonverbal elements worked together to complement the content of the speech. | Some verbal and nonverbal elements did not complement the content of the speech. | Very few verbal and nonverbal elements were employed to complement the content of the speech. | The verbal and nonverbal elements were inappropriate for the speech. |
| 2. Word Use | Words used were creative and well-chosen for target audience. Examples were precise. | Words evidently considered the audience, appropriate language and examples. | Simple language, context, or examples were used. | Words were not chosen well. Some words were clearly inappropriate. |
| 3. Content | Content was very entertaining enabling the speaker to connect well with the audience. | Content was sufficiently entertaining enabling the speaker to have good connection with the audience. | Content was a little entertaining; the speaker barely connected with the audience. | Content was not entertaining at all; speaker and audience did not connect. |
[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]
| Skill | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4. Delivery | The delivery was spontaneous – natural, confident, and strengthened the message – posture, eye contact, hand gestures, facial expressions, volume, pace, etc. showed readiness to communicate. | The delivery seemed effective – but use of volume, eye contact, voice, etc. may not be constant. The content of speech was still consistent with the overall message. | The delivery was inconsistent with the overall message; gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact were very limited; the speech was read most of the time. | The delivery was totally ineffective. No connection with the audience was established. Speaker looked at the floor and mumbled most of the time. Message was not understood at all. |
Assessment
Directions: Go to youtube.ph and type in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHyJYcUIUjg&list=PL929D1AFF81AAEB40. Watch and listen to the full version of the speech of the late Senator Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. Then, rate the speech you have watched and listened to. Exchange works with your classmates and evaluate their work using the rubric scoring below.
Rubric Scoring for a Speech Presentation
| Skill | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Use of Verbal and Nonverbal Language | Verbal and nonverbal elements worked together to complement the content of the speech. | Some verbal and nonverbal elements did not complement the content of the speech. | Very few verbal and nonverbal elements were employed to complement the content of the speech. | The verbal and nonverbal elements were inappropriate for the speech. |
[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]
| Skill | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2. Word Use | Words used were creative and well-chosen for target audience. Examples were precise. | Words evidently considered the audience, appropriate language and examples. | Simple language, context, or examples were used. | Words were not chosen well. Some words were clearly inappropriate. |
| 3. Content | Content was very entertaining enabling the speaker to connect well with the audience. | Content was sufficiently entertaining enabling the speaker to have good connection with the audience. | Content was a little entertaining; the speaker barely connected with the audience. | Content was not entertaining at all; speaker and audience did not connect. |
| 4. Delivery | The delivery was spontaneous – natural, confident, and strengthened the message – posture, eye contact, hand gestures, facial expressions, volume, pace, etc. showed readiness to communicate. | The delivery seemed effective – but use of volume, eye contact, voice, etc. may not be constant. The content of speech was still consistent with the overall message. | The delivery was inconsistent with the overall message; gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact were very limited; the speech was read most of the time. | The delivery was totally ineffective. No connection with the audience was established. Speaker looked at the floor and mumbled most of the time. Message was not understood at all. |
Additional Comments/Observations:
Additional Activities
Directions: Read the instructions below and do what is asked for.
- Have one of your speeches videotaped, and then watch yourself on video. List down your strong points and some points to be improved. Watch the tape a second time and then evaluate your articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and movements.
| STRONG POINTS | POINTS FOR IMPROVEMENT |
|---|---|
| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. | 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. |
- Based on your task in number 1, examine the introductory part as well as the conclusion of your speech. Answer the following questions:
a. Is your introduction adequate?
b. Is your conclusion meaningful and powerful?
Answer Key
[transcriber’s note: the answer key table is printed upside down on the page; the table below is transcribed with the page turned upright, so the columns are read left to right in their printed order]
| ASSESSMENT | WHAT’S NEW | WHAT I KNOW |
|---|---|---|
| (The teacher will refer to the rubrics prepared for the Activity) | (answers may vary) | (Answers may vary) |
| WHAT’S MORE | ||
| (answers may vary) | ||
| WHAT I CAN DO | ||
| (The teacher will refer to the rubrics prepared for the Activity) |
References
Abulencia, Efren F. Fundamentals of Public Speaking. Manila: Rex Book Store, 2009.
Anudin, Ali G. and Andrew Rey S. Pena. Oral Communication. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc., 2016.
Crawford, Quinton D. “The Girl Who Silenced the World for 5 Minutes! English Subs.” YouTube. Last modified Apr 15, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdK0uYjy85o
Flores, Ramona S. Oral Communication in Context. Manila: Rex Book Store, 2016.
NinoyAquinoTV. NINOY AQUINO’s memorable speech (1/9) in Los Angeles, CA. YouTube. Last modified November 8, 2017. January 15, 2009. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHyJYcUIUjg&list=PL929D1AFF81AAE
RARE FACTS. “I Have a Dream speech by Martin Luther King .Jr HD (subtitled).” YouTube. Last modified November 8, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP4iY1TtS3s
XCELatBinghamton. “Bad Public Speaking Example 1.” YouTube. Last modified Jan 8, 2009. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YivQYeI0vys
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
Leave a Reply