English 6 Quarter 2 Module 1: Explore Significant Information

English Quarter 2 – Module 1: Explore Significant Information

6

English

Quarter 2 – Module 1: Explore Significant Information

[illustration: students reading and studying outdoors and at a desk, with a teacher, a globe, and a lamp]

CO_Q2_English6_Module1

English – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 1: Title: Explore Significant Information First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Role	Name
Writer:	Ma. Cecilia A. Solas
Editors:	Eric G. Buenafe, Melva C. Barranco, Gracelle V. Gapit
Reviewers:	Arnaldo R. Tuga, Leila G. Valencia Jezereel Grace G. Tiron, Bernie P. Alcedo
Illustrator:	Nechael A. Plotea
Layout Artists:	Paolo John D. Bretaňa, Heidi C. Galaura, Lee Lanie P.
Management Team	Ramir B. Uytico,Elena P. Gonzaga Donald T. Genine Paul Nestor Pingil Arlo L. Villalva Leila G. Valencia Arnaldo R. Tuga

Printed in the Philippines by ____________________

Department of Education – Region VI – Western Visayas

Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City Telefax: (033) 493-0352 E-mail Address: region6@deped.gov.ph

[transcriber’s note: this page repeats the cover: the grade number “6”, the title “English Quarter 2 – Module 1: Explore Significant Information”, and the DepEd logo. The cover text is already transcribed above.]

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the various types of information. Information is very important in increasing knowledge on a particular subject and in making us aware of the things that happen around us. The scope of this module can be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary levels of learners like you.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Gathering Relevant Information from Various Sources
• Lesson 2 – Determining the Tone, Mood, and Purpose of the Author
• Lesson 3 – Identifying the Purpose and the Structural and Language Features of Informational/Factual Text

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the purpose and the structural and language features of informational/factual text;
2. gather relevant information from almanac, encyclopedia, and dictionary; and
3. determine the tone, mood, and purpose of the author.

What I Know

Read each sentence and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate answer sheet.

1. It is an annual publication containing general information about sports, politics, government, and events.

   • A. almanac
   • B. dictionary
   • C. encyclopedia

2. It gives information about the spelling, pronunciation, meaning, syllables, and stress of words.

   • A. almanac
   • B. dictionary
   • C. encyclopedia

3. You want to gather information about the people and population of Korea, what source or reference book will you look for?

   • A. almanac
   • B. dictionary
   • C. encyclopedia

4. If I want to know the meaning of the word naive, what is the best reference book to use?

   • A. almanac
   • B. dictionary
   • C. encyclopedia

CO_Q2_English6_Module1

5. It contains information on all branches of knowledge, and topics are arranged alphabetically.

   • A. almanac
   • B. dictionary
   • C. encyclopedia

6. It is a story’s atmosphere or the feeling that the reader gets from the story.

   • A. mood
   • B. tone
   • C. purpose of the author

7. It is the author’s attitude towards the subject.

   • A. mood
   • B. tone
   • C. purpose of the author

8. After reading the novel, I felt so depressed. What does the statement signify?

   • A. mood
   • B. tone
   • C. purpose of the author

9. It is very important to take Vitamin C to boost our immune system. A strong immune system can protect us from bacteria and viruses. It also keeps the body healthy and fit. What is the purpose of the author in writing these statements?

   • A. to criticize
   • B. to entertain
   • C. to persuade

10. What does reading a news article provide the readers?

    • A. entertainment
    • B. gossip
    • C. information

11. A text structure that simply describes something is a _____________.

    • A. description
    • B. cause and effect
    • C. comparison and contrast

12. A text structure that has two parts: the author identifies the problem and then details solutions to the problem.

    • A. cause and effect
    • B. compare and contrast
    • C. problem and solution

13. A text structure that covers a few purposes such as sequential instructions and chronological events and arguments is a _____________.

    • A. sequence
    • B. description
    • C. problem and solution

14. I have two dogs. Both of them have the same color but of different breeds. The text structure of these statements is _____________.

    • A. sequence
    • B. cause and effect
    • C. compare and contrast

15. Jose never fails to end the school year with flying colors because of his diligence and dedication towards his studies. The text structure of these statements is _____________.

    • A. cause and effect
    • B. compare and contrast
    • C. problem and solution

CO_Q2_English6_Module1

Lesson 1 – Gathering Relevant Information from Various Sources

What’s In

[illustration: a boy sitting on a stack of books, holding up one book labeled “English”]

Speech bubble: Books are everywhere!

Can you name each picture? Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

1. [illustration: magazine cover titled “Stylish”] _____________________
2. [illustration: newspaper with the masthead “NEWS”] _____________________
3. [illustration: book labeled “WORLD ALMANAC 2020”] _____________________
4. [illustration: book labeled “English Dictionary”] _____________________
5. [illustration: stack of books labeled “Encyclopedia”] _____________________

CO_Q2_English6_Module1

What’s New

Read the situation below:

An Araling Panlipunan (AP) teacher gave an assignment to the learners to research on significant events and people in the Philippine History.

If you were one of the learners, would you know what books or references to look for at the library? Why?

What is It

Gathering information is very important in planning for your research works, speeches, and other classroom-based tasks. It provides credibility and depth in discussing the topic with your target audience.

The following are sources of relevant information:

1. Encyclopedia gives factual information on a wide range of subjects, people, places, science, technology, history, business, and government. It consists of volumes of books in which the topics are listed alphabetically.

   
   

   Example: When I need to learn the culture of Spain, I may use an encyclopedia. Through the use of an encyclopedia, I may also acquire knowledge on the population and historical places of the said country.

   
   

2. Almanac provides an annual publication containing general information about government, industry, politics, commerce, world events, and sports.

   
   

   Example: When I need to research the number of typhoons that hit the Philippines last year, I may use an almanac.

   
   

3. Dictionary supplies information about words, spelling, pronunciation, meaning, derivation, etymology, syllabication, stress, and level of usage.

   
   

   Example: When I need to know the definition and pronunciation of the word facade, I may use the dictionary.

   
   

CO_Q2_English6_Module1

What’s More

Identify what kind of source (encyclopedia, almanac, or dictionary) is described in each number. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

_____ 1. It features current events and facts like sports records, statistical data, and tables.

_____ 2. It contains topics about history, places, science and technology.

_____ 3. It gives the etymology of a word.

_____ 4. It provides a good source of information in learning the derivation of words.

_____ 5. It helps you discover the beginning of World War 2.

What I Have Learned

Complete each statement. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

The various sources in gathering relevant information are _____, _____, and _____.

_____ provides an annual publication containing general information.

_____ contains factual information about history, science, technology, people, places, and government.

_____ gives information about the meaning, stress pronunciation, usage, and syllabication of words.

What I Can Do

Choose the correct answer inside the parentheses in each item and write it on a separate answer sheet.

1. To gather information on rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans of a particular country, we use (encyclopedia, almanac, dictionary).
2. To gather information on the correct stress and syllabication of the word, we use (encyclopedia, almanac, dictionary).
3. To gather information on the significant events in Philippine sports during a year, we use (encyclopedia, almanac, dictionary).
4. To gather information on the different kinds of magnet, we use (encyclopedia, almanac, dictionary).
5. To gather information on the correct spelling and pronunciation of words, we use (encyclopedia, almanac, dictionary).

Assessment

Determine which source is appropriate to use in gathering information on the following topics. Choose the correct answer inside the box and write it on a separate answer sheet.

A. Almanac B. Dictionary C. Encyclopedia

_____ 1. My friend wants to read write-ups about different events and personalities.

_____ 2. My cousin Anna wants to know the synonym of the word amiable.

_____ 3. My mother wants to get information about the Queens of England.

_____ 4. My brother wants to learn about the traditions observed by the people in Benguet.

_____ 5. My sister wants to gain knowledge on the festivities and rituals observed each month of the year.

Additional Activities

The following are relevant topics that you can gather from different sources. Draw the table on a separate answer sheet and write these topics in the appropriate column.

History of China Hosts of Olympic Games List of Presidential Candidates in 2016 Antonym of the word boastful Synonym of the word magnanimous The Famous Works of Juan Luna

Encyclopedia	Almanac	Dictionary

Lesson 2: Determining the Tone, Mood, and Purpose of the Author

I love the story!

[illustration: a woman reading a storybook]

What’s In

Complete the following sentences. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

1. My favorite book is _____.
2. When I read a book, I feel _____.
3. I read a book because _____.
4. My favorite author/writer is _____.
5. I also want to write stories because _____.
6. I usually read stories with _____.
7. When reading books, I learn _____.
8. The best time to read books is _____.
9. My favorite place in reading books is _____.
10. When reading books, I feel delighted especially when I am with my _____.

Authors have different purposes when writing books. The emotions readers feel about the story may sometimes differ from the sentiments of the author. Tone and mood are important in determining the purpose of the author.

What’s New

Read the story below. Write your answers to the following guide questions on a separate answer sheet.

[illustration: a lion sleeping at the door of a cave while a small mouse climbs on its mane]

The Lion and the Mouse by Aesop

One day after a big meal, a great lion fell asleep at the door of his cave. As he was dreaming of all kinds of good things, he felt a thug at his mane and drowsily lifting up a paw, caught a little mouse.

“Grrrr,” growled the lion. “What are you doing in my mane? I’ll eat you up.”

“Oh, please, your majesty,” squeaked the mouse. “Please spare me. I had no idea you were a lion. I thought you were a haystack and I was looking for some nice hay for my nest. If you forgive me, and let me go, I’ll repay you some day. One good turn deserves another.”

Some days later, a party of hunters were looking for lions to put into the zoo. They saw his huge tracks, caught him, and threw a big net over him while they hurried off to bring back a cage.

The lion roared in anger and the jungle shook with his growls. The little mouse heard it and said, “I know that voice.” And off he pattered at full speed in the direction of the roars. He found the lion tugging at the ropes of the net and making as much noise as a thunderstorm.

‘‘Shhhh,’’ said the mouse the mouse. ‘‘Keep still and I’ll take care of those ropes.’’

The little mouse gnawed away at the ropes and the lion was able to escape just as the hunters were returning with the cage.

“I told you I would repay you someday,” smiled the mouse in triumph. Even a mouse can help a lion.

Guide Questions:

1. What made the lion fall asleep after a big meal?

---

2. What kind of animal did the lion catch?

---

3. What did the lion desire to do with the mouse?

---

4. Why did the mouse make a promise to the lion?

---

5. What persuaded the lion to believe the mouse’s promise?

---

6. What did the mouse do to repay the lion’s kindness?

---

7. If you were the mouse, would you keep your promise to the lion? Why?

---

8. What is the tone of the story?

---

9. What mood is conveyed in the story?

---

10. What do you think is the writer’s purpose in writing the story?

---

What is It

In a story or any literary piece, the author’s point of view is reflected in the purpose of the selection. In determining the author’s purpose, mood and tone are important factors to consider.

Tone is the author’s attitude towards the subject. It is the feeling, emotion, or attitude that the author wants the readers to experience. It can be created by the choice of words of the author and his/her viewpoint on a particular subject.

Example:

Excerpt from the Biography of Dr. Jose Rizal

Jose Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna in June of 1861 and was named Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda. His family lived on rented property that was owned by a religious order from Dominica, which made them a family of wealthy farmers. (Truthful)

Source: yourdictionary.com

Some Examples of Tone Words

sad	light	playful	furious	ironic
bitter	candid	scary	humorous	generous
pompous	formal	cheerful	truthful

Mood is a story’s atmosphere or the feeling the reader gets from the passage. It creates feelings that the author hopes the reader will experience. The author’s mood is often recognized through the words that he/she uses to develop the setting – the time and place of the events.

Example:

“I have asked myself many times: Is the Filipino worth suffering, or even dying, for? Is he not a coward who would really readily yield to any colonizer, be he foreign or homegrown? Is a Filipino more comfortable under an authoritarian leader because he does not want to be burdened with the freedom of choice? Is he unprepared, or worse, ill-suited for presidential or parliamentary democracy?” (Reflective)

Excerpt from the Speech-The Filipino Is Worth Dying For By Benigno “Nonoy” Aquino Jr. Kathangpinoy.blogspot.com

Some Examples of Mood Words

happy	idyllic	joyful	gloomy	reflective
romantic	sorrowful	whimsical	fanciful	mysterious
frustrating	frightening	melancholic	sentimental	suspenseful

The purpose of the author is either to inform, to persuade, to entertain, to instruct, or to criticize.

Below are the reasons or purposes of the author in writing the particular material.

Purposes Resources

a. To criticize – opinion columns, editorials, essay

Example:

Editorial ‘Unintended misinformation’

A deleted post is probably the quickest way to deal with a social media faux pas. But if a post catches fire before deletion, it can’t be erased from public consciousness that easily.

Excerpt-Philippine Daily Inquirer (A10)-October 15, 2020

b. To instruct – recipes, manuals, experiment, handbook

Example:

Making the Pancake Batter

Making the pancake batter takes time. You sift the flour and baking powder in a bowl first, and then stir in the caster sugar. Next, you combine the buttermilk, eggs, and melted butter in a jug. Then, make a well in the center of the mixture of dry ingredients and pour in the milk mixture. You need to whisk the dry and wet ingredients together until they become a smooth batter.

Source: http://www.taste.com.au/recipes/10714/buttermilk+hotcakes Adapted from English This Way 6 page 291

c. To inform – news items/articles, reference books

Example:

Each kind of matter has its own set of properties that distinguishes it from other kinds of matter. These properties may either be physical – those that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter, or chemical – those that can be observed after changing the composition of matter.

Source: Elementary Science Explorer 5

d. To entertain – short stories, fairy tales, riddles

Example:

Riddle: Wherever I go, you always follow me. What Am I? (Answer: Shadow)

e. To persuade – editorials, advertisements, propaganda, speech

Example:

Marzin Parlor soon to open

The first five customers will avail of a 20% discount on all our services. Please visit us on December 15, 2020.

See you!

What’s More

Identify the tone, mood, and purpose of the author in the given selection. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate answer sheet.

1-2: Purpose of the Author

1. In our situation nowadays, it is very important to use disinfectants to clean our floors and walls and bacterial soap to wash our hands and body. Always practice proper health protocol.

A. to criticize B. to entertain C. to persuade

2. From Jovic Yee’s news article on Philippine Daily Inquirer dated October 15, 2020: According to Health Undersecretary Maria Rosario Vergeire, the DOH understood the fatigue everyone was going through these days because of the restrictions put in a place to control the spread of the virus.

A. to inform B. to instruct C. to entertain

3-4: Mood

3. Father just went home from work. He saw that his motorcycle was badly damaged. His face turned red and he shouted, “Who used my motorcycle?”

A. pity B. angry C. surprised

4. It is already 10:00 in the evening, but her daughter is not yet home. The mother keeps on calling her but the line is out of reach that makes her anxious.

A. joy B. fear C. excitement

5: Tone

5. While Ana was walking on the street, she saw a beggar asking for food. In her hands was a pack of bread intended for her daughter, but instead she gave it to the beggar who needed it the most.

A. benevolence B. pessimism C. cheerfulness

What I Have Learned

Complete each statement. Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.

The purpose of the author in writing a story is either to inform, to instruct, _____, _____, and _____.

Tone and mood are important in helping the reader determine the author’s purpose in a selection.

_____ is the attitude of the author towards the subject.

_____ is a story’s atmosphere or the feeling the reader gets from the selection.

What I Can Do

Write a paragraph on the effects of the pandemic. State also how it affects you mentally, emotionally, physically, and spiritually. Write it on a separate answer sheet.

RUBRIC

CRITERIA	POINTS 4	POINTS 3	POINTS 2	POINTS 1
Tone and Mood	Presence of tone and mood are completely clear in the content of the paragraph	Presence of tone and mood are clear in the content of the paragraph	Presence of tone and mood are somewhat clear in the content of the paragraph	Presence of tone and mood are unclear in the content of the paragraph
Purpose of the Writer	The purpose of the writer is strongly conveyed	The purpose of the writer is conveyed	The purpose of the writer is slightly conveyed	The purpose of the author is not conveyed
Mechanics	Punctuation marks and capitalization are effectively used	Punctuation marks and capitalization are used	Punctuation marks and capitalization are fairly used	Punctuation marks and capitalization are ineffectively used

Assessment

A. Tone: Determine the tone of each paragraph by matching Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate answer sheet.

A	B
1. playful	a. He has studied his plan and spent hours to finish it. He is eager to beat the deadline.
2. determined	b. The room is decorated with different colors of heart shapes, and petals of roses are scattered on the floor. It is a perfect night to celebrate my parents’ wedding anniversary.
3. romantic	c. I wish I were a bird so that I could travel to many places. It would be easy for me to move from one place to another by widely spreading my wings.

B. Mood: Determine the mood in each passage. Choose the best answer from the given choices and write it on a separate answer sheet.

Passage	Mood
4. I woke up early to prepare myself for the first day of school. On my way to school, I was caught in a traffic jam for an hour. That was an unfortunate day for me!	frustrating mysterious suspenseful
5. I had fun baking cake with my mother by following the instructions she told me. I could not believe that I baked a cake!	exciting sorrowful frightening
6. I had a dream; I was walking in the middle of the night when I heard a voice screaming at the side of the road. I went to the place. I saw no one there and I felt someone was touching my hair.	romantic whimsical suspenseful

C. Purpose of the Author: Determine the purpose of the author by choosing the correct answer inside the parenthesis. Write it on a separate answer sheet.

7. Boracay has pristine beaches with white sands. It is one of the perfect destinations to visit here in the Philippines. Come and visit!
   (to entertain, to criticize, to persuade, to inform)

   
   

8. Philippines is rich in natural resources. It has wide agricultural lands, dense forests, and beautiful lakes and rivers.
   (to instruct, to entertain, to inform, to persuade)

   
   

Additional Activities

Read the story. Identify its tone, mood, and author’s purpose by writing your answers on a separate answer sheet. There are two possible answers from the given choices.

Tone	playful	horror	sympathetic	delightful
Mood	frustrating	reflective	joyful	mysterious
Purpose of the Author	to criticize	to entertain	to persuade	to inform

THE FARMER AND HIS LAZY SONS

by Ratna Manucha

In Madhanpur lived a very hardworking farmer named Gopal. He has three sons Ram, Laxman, and Hanuman. All three were strong and healthy.

But they were all lazy. Gopal was sad thinking about his sons and the future of his farmland.

[illustration: three young men digging in a field while an older man stands beside a hoe and a rake]

One day, Gopal got a flash of an idea. He called all his sons and said, “Ram! Laxman! and Hanuman! I have a hidden treasure in our farmland. You search and share the treasure among you.”

The three sons were overjoyed. They went to the fields and started searching. Ram started from one end. Laxman from the other end and Hanuman did so from the center. They dug every inch of the field. But they could not find anything. Gopal said to his sons, “Dear boys! Now you have tooled and conditioned the field, why not we sow a crop!” Off went the sons to sow the crops.

Days passed. Soon, the crops grow lushly green. The sons were delighted. The father said, “Sons, this is the real treasure I wanted you to share.”

Lesson 3: Identifying the Purpose and the Structural and Language Features of Various Types of Informational/Factual Text

[illustration: a boy lying on his stomach reading a book with stacked books beside him; speech bubble reads “I love to read books.”]

What’s In

Unscramble the letters in items 1 to 8 to form meaningful words and phrases by filling in the boxes. Then, answer questions in items 9 and 10. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

[transcriber’s note: the answers are written in a grid of letter boxes; the letters already printed in the boxes are listed after each item]

1. intioformanal ttex – (printed letters: i, l, e)

   
   

2. returucst – (printed letters: s, r)

   
   

3. iontfinnoc – (printed letters: f, o)

   
   

4. tioncripdes – (printed letters: c, i)

   
   

5. quencese – (printed letters: s, e)

   
   

6. useca nad fectef – (printed letters: a, n, f)

   
   

7. ripasoncom nad traconst – (printed letters: c, o, t)

   
   

8. lembpro nad luontiso – (printed letters: r, a, t)

   
   

9. Are you familiar with the formed words and phrases? _____

   
   

10. What words or phrases are the most familiar to you? _____

    
    

What’s New

Read the news article.

US blames China for spread of virus

WASHINGTON – The United States blamed China for the corona virus pandemic with the administration of US President Donald Trump pushing back on criticism of their handling of the situation.

While Trump has lauded Chinese President Xi Jinping’s work in responding to the virus, he also referred to the corona virus as the “foreign virus” that “started in China” and also took some digs at Europe for letting it spiral out of control.

Source: The Philippine Daily Inquirer, March 13, 2020

The news article contains informational/factual text.

The following are types of informational text:

The literary nonfiction type usually gives accurate information and defines clearly the beginning, middle and the end. It is written in story form and gives facts like personal essays, opinion pieces, speeches, literature essays and journalism.

The expository texts are written to explain or describe. They are usually labelled and have detailed diagrams that help the readers understand the concept better. This type utilizes different text structures like description, cause and effect, comparison and contrast, temporal sequence, and problem and solution.

What is It

There are five common text structures used in informational and nonfiction texts.

Five Types of Informational Text Structures:

1. Description is a text structure that describes something. It starts with an introduction and provides descriptions of the subject, idea, or character in the text. It makes use of vivid words.

   
   

2. Sequence is a text structure that covers few purposes such as sequential instructions, chronological events, and arguments that use evidences to support a claim.

   
   

3. Cause and Effect is a text structure that explains why an action happened and provides the result of that action. This structure becomes complex when the effect has multiple causes or vice versa. This is usually encountered in historical texts.

   
   

4. Compare and Contrast is a text structure that involves a comparison of two or more persons, animals, things, or concepts, revealing how they are similar and how they are different.

   
   

5. Problem and Solution is a text structure that involves two parts: the author identifies a problem and details a solution.

   
   

As a learner, you must learn to distinguish these five text structures and study their components to fully understand and analyze informational texts, whether they are reading textbooks, news articles, or literary nonfiction.

Patterns of Text Structure in Informational Texts

Text Pattern	Definition	Key Words
Description	Uses language to help the reader form images or visualize processes	descriptive details: words like on, over, beyond
Example: My niece is adorable, witty, and playful. She loves to play with her toys. She is curious to know how her toy cart moves so she tries to dismantle the parts and assemble them again. Maybe in the future, she would want to become a successful engineer or a scientist.
Temporal Sequence	Present ideas or events in the order in which they happen	first, second, then, finally before, after, next, earlier, later, last, eventually, meanwhile, while
Example: My uncle, Zyrel, was born in Roxas City in 1963. He was the youngest son of the family. First, he graduated from elementary in 1975. Next, he graduated from high school in 1979. Then, he got married. Three years later, he took an engineering course. Now, he is a successful engineer.
Cause and Effect	Provide explanations or reasons for an action or a phenomenon	because, since, thus, so that, if…then, therefore, nevertheless, due to, this led to, as a result, then…so, for this reason, on account of, consequently

[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]

Text Pattern	Definition	Key Words
Example: Every morning, before Kim goes to work, she sees to it that she waters her gumamela plant. As a result, the plant blooms and grows healthy. Her neighbors love watching the growing plants.
Comparison and Contrast	Discuss two ideas, events, or phenomena, showing how they are similar and different	while, yet, but, rather, most, either, like and unlike, same, as opposed to, as well as, likewise, on the other hand, although, the same, similarly, opposites
Example: I can tell about the favorite food of my friends, Ana and May. Based on my observations, Ana loves to eat pasta and meat. However, May prefers rice and vegetables. For dessert, both of them seem to like black sambo.
Problem and Solution	Identify problems and pose solutions	propose, conclude, a solution, the problem or the solution, research shows, the evidence is, a reason for
Example: Bullying is one of the reasons why children don’t want to go to school. Our school proposes more values formation activities and advocacy campaigns as solutions to address the said problem.

What’s More

Read each sentence and identify what informational text structure is being presented. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate answer sheet.

1. The learners go to school because they want to learn. They love to listen to their teachers. They are happy to play and talk to their classmates and schoolmates.

A. cause and effect B. compare and contrast C. problem and solution

2. COVID-19 is a very hazardous disease that easily transmits from one person to another through coughing, sneezing, or simply just opening one’s mouth.

A. description B. problem and solution C. cause and effect

3. The government is taking measures to prevent the rapid increase of early pregnancies. Teenagers should be guided properly and should be made aware of the consequences and harmful effects of getting pregnant at an early age.

A. sequence B. problem and solution C. compare and contrast

4. First, the boy went to the market to buy vegetables; then, he stopped at the restaurant; and finally, he walked home.

A. sequence B. problem and solution C. description

5. The women living in the village don’t cut their hair as a symbol of femininity and loyalty. Their children also have the same length of hair but of different colors.

A. cause and effect B. problem and solution C. compare and contrast

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the missing words. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

_____ are written to explain or describe. They are usually labelled and have detailed diagrams that help the readers understand the concept better.

Informational text has _____ structures. They are:

_____ describes something. It starts with an introduction and provides descriptions of the subject, idea, or character in the text.

_____ covers few purposes such as sequential instructions, chronological events, and arguments.

_____ explains the reasons and results.

_____ involves a comparison of multiple things, revealing how similar and how different they are.

_____ involves two parts: the author identifies problems and details solutions to the problems.

What I Can Do

Write your own informational text based on the given structure and topic. Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. Description:

My Friend

2. Sequence:

How to Cook Rice

[illustration: steaming plate of cooked rice]

---

---

---

---

3. Cause and Effect:

Stormy Day

[illustration: a house during a storm, with heavy rain and trees]

---

---

---

---

4. Comparison and Contrast:

Guava [illustration: guava fruits, one cut open to show seeds] Mango [illustration: a mango]

---

---

---

---

5. Problem and Solution:

COVID-19

---

---

---

Assessment

Identify the structure of each informational text below. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

_____ 1. A habitat is a place where organisms live. A pond is an example of a habitat. It provides the living organisms with their needs in order to live and grow.

_____ 2. William and Andrew are twins. They both like to swim and both are excellent swimmers. William prefers to swim in the beach while Andrew likes to swim in the pool.

_____ 3. El Niño is a phenomenon that brings heavy rains. As a result, it can affect the growth of crops and can create problem in food storage.

_____ 4. The man wanted to reach the top of the mountain and so, he decided to explore it with other travelers.

_____ 5. The policeman is on duty. To prepare himself, he does the following: first, he takes a bath; second, he wears his uniform; third, he eats his breakfast; and finally, he sanitizes himself.

Exercise is a good bodily exertion for developing and maintaining physical fitness and vigor. Others directly go exercising without doing a warm-up; as a result, they get injured or suffer from cold muscles.

In doing training exercises, you have to follow these steps: first, warm-up for 5-10 minutes; second, start with slow movements; and finally, perform your full body routine.

Dancing and jogging are both forms of exercise but their effects on agility and endurance are different.

Many people suffer from illnesses. Exercising is one of the best things to do to protect yourself from getting ill.

Additional Activities

Read the paragraph. Then, look for the sample for each text structure inside the box. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

1. Description:

   
   

2. Sequence:

   
   

3. Cause and Effect:

   
   

4. Compare and Contrast:

   
   

5. Problem and Solution

   
   

Answer Key: Lesson 1

[transcriber’s note: this page is printed upside down; its boxes are transcribed in reading order]

What’s In

1. Magazine
2. Newspaper
3. Almanac
4. Dictionary
5. Encyclopedia

What I Know

1. A, 6. A, 11. A
2. B, 7. B, 12. C
3. C, 8. A, 13. A
4. B, 9. C, 14. C
5. C, 10. C, 15. A

Assessment

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. A

What I Can Do

1. encyclopedia
2. dictionary
3. almanac
4. encyclopedia
5. dictionary

What’s More

1. Almanac
2. Encyclopedia
3. Dictionary
4. Dictionary
5. Encyclopedia

What I Have Learned

Encyclopedia, Almanac, Dictionary (in any order) Almanac Encyclopedia Dictionary

Additional Activities

Encyclopedia: History of China The Famous Works of Juan Luna Almanac: Hosts of Olympic Games List of Presidential Candidates in 2016 Dictionary: Synonym of the word magnanimous Antonym of the word boastful

Answer Key: Lesson 2

[transcriber’s note: this page is printed upside down; its boxes are transcribed in reading order]

What’s In

1-10

(Answers may vary)

What’s New

(Possible Answers)

1. he was full or satiated
2. a mouse
3. ate the mouse
4. to set him free
5. he felt there was truth from the words of the mouse
6. he freed the lion out from the net
7. Yes, because just like the mouse I have also my word of honor
8. cheerful/generous/grateful
9. joyful/fanciful
10. to entertain

What I Can Do

Score depends on Rubric

Assessment

A. Tone

1. C
2. A
3. B
   B. Mood
4. frustrating
5. exciting
6. suspenseful
   B. Purpose of the Author
7. to persuade
8. to inform

What’s More

1. C
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A

What I Have Learned

To criticize, to persuade, to entertain (in any order) Tone Mood

Additional Activities

1. Tone: playful, delightful
2. Mood: reflective, joyful
3. Purpose: to entertain, to persuade

Answer Key: Lesson 3

[transcriber’s note: this page is printed upside down; its boxes are transcribed in reading order]

What’s In

1. informational text
2. structure
3. nonfiction
4. description
5. sequence
6. cause and effect
7. comparison and contrast
8. problem and solution
9. Yes/No
10. Answers may vary

What’s More

1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C

Assessment

1. description
2. compare and contrast
3. cause and effect
4. problem and solution
5. sequence

What I Can Do

1. Description:
   Friend: (answers may vary)

   
   

2. Sequence:
   Rice: (answers may vary)

   
   

3. Cause and Effect:
   Storm Day: (answers may vary)

   
   

4. Compare and Contrast:
   Mango and Guava: (answers may vary)

   
   

5. Problem and Solution:
   COVID-19: (answers may vary)

   
   

What I Have Learned

Expository Texts Description Sequence Cause and Effect Comparison and Contrast Problem and Solution

Additional Activities

1. Description:
   Exercise is a good bodily exertion for developing and maintaining physical fitness and vigor.

   
   

2. Sequence:
   In doing training exercises, you have to follow these steps: first, warm-up for 5-10 minutes; second, start with slow movements; and finally, perform your full body routine.

   
   

3. Cause and Effect:
   Others directly go exercising without doing a warm-up; as a result, they get injured or suffer from cold muscles.

   
   

4. Compare and Contrast:
   Dancing and jogging are both forms of exercise but their effects on agility and endurance are different.

   
   

5. Problem and Solution:
   Many people suffer from illnesses. Exercising is one of the best things to do to protect yourself from getting ill.

   
   

References:

A. BOOK

Editorial, ‘Unintended misfortune’, The Philippine Daily Inquirer issued on October 15, 2020

Elodie A. Gada, 2008. English For You and Me (Reading) 6 : 200-201

Evelyn B. Angeles, Agnes P. Galapon, Carmelita A. Relente, Rodelio T. Santos, 2008. English Expressways (Reading) 5: 111-113

Five Types of Informational Text Structures, www.prestwickhoouse.com

Jaquilyn T. Belagan, Rhodora D. Nebres, Elena E. Salcedo, 2009. English for Global Communication 5: 268

Leonard F. Sapuay, 2007. Beyond Boundaries 6: 286

LR Portal

News article, Us blames China for spread of virus, The Philippine Daily Inquirer issued on March 13, 2020

Patterns of Text Structure in Informational Texts, Pinterest.com

Perla A. Zotomayor, Ed.D., 2015. Essential English 5: 86

B. Electronic Sources

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph