English 7 Quarter 1 Module 1: Analogy

English Quarter 1 – Module 1: Analogy

English

Quarter 1 – Module 1: Analogy

[illustration: students reading and studying outdoors and at a desk, with a teacher, a globe, and a lamp]

CO_Q1_ENGLISH 7_Module 1

7

English – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Analogy First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones tary: Diosdado M. San Antonio [transcriber’s note: the line above reads “tary:” as printed; the word appears cut off in the source]

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Annah Jehn B. Sentinta

Editors: Dolores L. Carreon and Alver B. Lajera

Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa PhD, Delia B. Mabalot, Rolex H. Lotilla, Arvin Tejada, Dolores L. Carreon, and Precious Joy A. Ubas

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

[illustration: hand touching a circle, icon beside the heading]

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Analogy. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson:

• Lesson 1 – Supplying Words or Expressions That Complete Analogy

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define analogy;
2. analyze the relationships between words used in analogy;
3. determine the appropriate words or expressions to be supplied in analogy; and,
4. supply other words or expressions that complete an analogy.

What I Know

[illustration: hand holding a pencil, icon beside the heading]

Before you start this module, take this pretest to find out what you already know about the topic. Take a comfortable position. Relax and prepare yourself to answer. Are you ready?

Task 1. Picture Analysis

Study the first pair of pictures that will guide you to figure out the object that will match the third picture. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

Begin here…

1. [illustration: monkey] : [illustration: banana] :: [illustration: elephant] : ?
   a. [illustration: ice cream cone]
   b. [illustration: fruit; possibly a mango]
   c. [illustration: grass]

   
   

2. [illustration: rain cloud with raindrops] : [illustration: umbrella] :: [illustration: sun] : ?
   a. [illustration: wristwatch]
   b. [illustration: sunglasses]
   c. [illustration: backpack]

   
   

3. [illustration: rooster] : [illustration: nest with eggs] :: [illustration: cow] : ?
   a. [illustration: milk cartons labeled MILK]
   b. [illustration: bread]
   c. [illustration: drink with a straw and a garnish]

   
   

4. [illustration: blackboard with ABC written on it] : [illustration: eraser] :: [illustration: notebook] : ?
   a. [illustration: pencil sharpener]
   b. [illustration: pencil]
   c. [illustration: scissors]

   
   

5. [illustration: ball of yarn with knitting needles] : [illustration: sheep] :: [illustration: honey pot labeled HONEY] : ?
   a. [illustration: grasshopper]
   b. [illustration: butterfly]
   c. [illustration: bee]

   
   

After completing the task, compare your responses with those in the Answer Key page.

Task 2. Question Hour

Now, answer the following questions in your activity notebook.

6. Is the activity difficult or not? Why do you say so?

   
   
   

7. What do you notice with the first two images in every item?

   
   
   

8. Choose 1 item and explain what made you decide in selecting the correct answer.

   
   
   

Well, how was it? Do you think you hit the right answers? Check them using the Answer Key page. If you fared well, then, that’s good! But don’t be too confident enough, you might learn new things from this module.

Are you ready?

Let’s begin.

Lesson 1: Supplying Words or Expressions That Complete Analogy

An analogy is a comparison between two different and unrelated things to highlight a similarity between the two. It is a type of reasoning where a new or unfamiliar concept is explained by using a common or familiar object. It is often created by using literary devices like similes and metaphors. An analogy is more broad and elaborate than either of these literary devices.

What’s In

[illustration: hand holding a puzzle piece, icon beside the heading]

But before we proceed, let’s have a review first of our previous lesson.

[chart: flowchart; FACT and OPINION]

FACT

• a statement that can be proven as true or false
• Example: Lake Sebu 7 Falls is located in South Cotabato.

OPINION

• an expression of a person’s feelings that cannot be proven
• Example: Lake Sebu 7 Falls is tourists’ most favorite spot in the region.

Callout arrow pointing to OPINION: Can you still remember this?

Now that you can identify facts from opinions, I could say that you are ready now for our next lesson.

Notes to the Teacher Students’ vocabulary and critical thinking skills are important in this lesson. Guide them in defining and analyzing the words in the analogies.

What’s New

[illustration: hand holding a seedling, icon beside the heading]

Task 3. Missing Piece

Observe how the first pair of words are related and find the missing piece that will match the third word in the series below. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

Here is an example:

accurate : precise :: awful : _____

Answer: disgust-ing

Word pieces:

• accurate
• precise
• awful
• disgusting
• sad
• sweat
• infant
• book
• forest
• hive

It’s your turn now…

1. night : day :: happy : _______________

   
   

2. husband : spouse :: baby : _______________

   
   

3. cold : shiver :: hot : _______________

   
   

4. greeting : letter :: title page : _______________

   
   

5. fish : sea :: lion : _______________

   
   

Now, compare your responses with those in the Answer Key page.

What’s It

Let’s discuss the important points in the task you have just answered. Read it again and analyze the words in each pair.

1. night : day :: happy : sad
2. husband : spouse :: baby : infant
3. cold : shiver ::hot : sweat
4. greeting : letter :: title page : book
5. fish : sea :: lion : forest

So, what do you notice with each pair in every item? If you say that they show relationships, then you are correct.

The term that means “word relationships” is called Analogy. It is like a word puzzle. It always contains two pairs of words. It can be abbreviated like stallion: mare:: man: woman. The single colon (:) represents the phrase “is to”, and the double colon (::) represents the word “as”. Thus, it is read a stallion is to a mare as a man is to a woman.

Take a look again at the pairs of words in the task you have answered previously. In item number 1, which is night is to day as happy is to sad, what do you think is the relationship of the paired words? If you say that the pairs show an opposite relationship, then you are correct because night is the opposite of day and happy is also the opposite of sad. And that type of analogy is called Antonyms.

What about item number 2? Yes, the pairs show a similar relationship or have the same meaning because husband and spouse have the same meaning as well as the second paired words which are baby and infant. It is called Synonyms.

Let’s proceed to item number 3. What do you observe? Right! The analogies contain words that are the causes, or the sources of some actions or conditions which are cold and hot and the other words that are the effects, or the results or consequences which are shiver and sweat. And that type is called Cause and Effect.

Then, let’s have item number 4. What does this analogy consist of? If you say that it contains the part, or section of something larger, and the whole, or the entire entity, then you are right! In this case, a greeting and a title page are parts of a letter and a book. And we call this type of analogy as Part to Whole.

And the last item is number 5. What do you notice with the compared words? Do they tell locations? If you say yes, then you are correct as sea and forest are locations for fish and lion. And that is called Location as a type of analogy.

“An analogy is a literary device often used in literature and poetry to make connections between familiar and unfamiliar things, suggest a deeper significance, or create imagery in the reader’s mind” (“Analogy Examples In Literature” 2020).

Just like a metaphor and a simile, it also shows how two unlike things are similar but is a bit more complicated.

For example:

Metaphor: My laptop is a vault. Simile: My laptop is like a vault. Analogy: My laptop is like a vault for a vault keeps everything a person considers private and important and my laptop stores all my secrets and necessary files for my school works.

“A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares one thing to another…” (“What’s the Difference”). Like in the above example, a laptop is compared to a vault and that one is the other.

“A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing the similarities of two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words like or as“(“Simile – Examples And Definition Of Simile” 2020). In the example, a laptop and a vault are two unlike things and are compared using like.

In analogy, the similarities of two different things are not only shown but are also explained by pointing out their shared characteristics. In the above example, a laptop and a vault have the common features of keeping something confidential and significant.

Now, here are some examples of analogy in literature:

“As cold waters to a thirsty soul, So is good news from a far country.” (King James Version, Proverbs 25:25)

This analogy compares and explains the shared quality to refresh of “…good news from far away and cold water when you are thirsty” (“Bible Gateway Passage: Proverbs 25:25 – King James Version” 2020).

“Memory is to love what the saucer is to the cup.” (Bowen 2019)

This analogy compares and explains “the relationship between a cup and saucer to that of love and memory which is memory holds on to love, as a saucer holds the cup”(“Analogy Examples In Literature” 2020)

What’s More

Task 4. Type to Tell!

Analyze the relationship in each analogy and identify its type from the choices given. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

Here is an example: near: far:: smart: stupid

Answer: Type: Antonyms

Now, it’s your turn…

1. wing : bird :: tire : car
   Type:__________
2. winter : summer :: wet : dry
   Type:__________
3. allow : permit :: find : locate
   Type:__________
4. bats : caves :: humans : houses
   Type:__________
5. finger: hand :: wheel : car
   Type:__________
6. bad : terrible :: funny : hilarious
   Type:__________
7. bees: beehives :: birds : nests
   Type:__________

Word choices (printed in a starburst beside the items):

• Antonyms
• Cause and Effect
• Location
• Part to Whole
• Synonyms

8. chaos : peace :: cordial : hostile
   Type:__________
9. cavity : toothache ::smoking:cancer
   Type:__________
10. rain : flood :: earthquake : collapse
    Type:___

Done? If yes, compare your responses with those in the Answer Key page.

What I Have Learned

Task 5. Complete Me!

Read the following paragraphs and fill the blanks with your answers. Write your responses in your activity notebook.

The term that means “word relationships” is called (1). It is like a word (2)_ that always contains (3)__________ of words.

It can be abbreviated. The single colon (:) represents the phrase (4.), and the double colon (::) represents the word (5)__.

Some types of analogy are (6)_________ which shows opposite relationships; (7)__________ which shows the similar relationship or have the same meaning; (8)__________ which contains words that are sources of some actions or conditions and words that are results or consequences; (9) __________ which contains the section of something larger, and the entire entity; and (10)__________ which shows location of something.

Are you ready to check your responses now? If yes, compare them with those in the Answer Key page.

What I Can Do

Task 6. Relate Much!

Using your knowledge in analogy, make a simple and short presentation that talks about any member of your family. Identify your analogy using underlines. Write your output in your activity notebook.

Here is an example:

My sister named Angel is my best friend. We always do things together from cleaning our home to watching our favorite K- Dramas. She is always there for me. I am lucky that I have her. Like Mr. Bean and Teddy that are inseparable, I and my sister are very close.

Now, it’s your turn…

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Do you want to check your output now? If yes, compare it with that in the Answer Key page.

Assessment

Make an advertisement for your favorite product using an analogy. Below are the steps you can use as your guide in doing your task. Write your output in your activity notebook.

Steps:

1. Identify a product you like to eat or use, e.g. donut.
2. Give a reason why you like the product, e.g. brings new kind of pleasure.
3. Determine the relationship(type of analogy) shown between your product and your reason for liking it, e.g. cause and effect, donut: new kind of pleasure(eating the donut brings a new kind of pleasure).
4. Connect your first pair(donut: new kind of pleasure) to another pair of words with the same relationship to complete the analogy, e.g. cause and effect, ambrosia: heavenly satisfaction(ambrosia gives heavenly satisfaction).
5. Now, out your answers in steps 1-4, write a short paragraph that will catch the attention of the readers to promote your favorite product. Make your brand.

Sample advertisement:

Is your boredom with your donuts the same with your weariness during this quarantine? Then, why prolong that misery? Introducing new Olympian Donuts! Like ambrosia that gives heavenly satisfaction, Olympian Donuts brings you a new kind of pleasure that you have been longing for! Try it now!

Category	Excellent (4)	Very Satisfactory (3)	Satisfactory (2)	Poor (1)
Originality	The advertisement shows significant evidence of originality. The majority of the content and ideas are fresh and genuine.	The advertisement shows some evidence of originality and inventiveness.	The advertisement contains other people’s ideas. There is little evidence of new thought.	The advertisement is about other people’s ideas. There is no evidence of new thought.

[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]

Category	Excellent (4)	Very Satisfactory (3)	Satisfactory (2)	Poor (1)
Use of Analogy	The advertisement has one (1) type of analogy and they are clearly and correctly labeled and identified.	The advertisement has one (1) type of analogy. There is an attempt to label and identify them, but some mistakes are made.	The advertisement has one (1) type of analogy. The attempt to label and identify them is incorrect.	The advertisement has no analogy.

It’s your turn…

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Now, compare your output with that in the Answer Key page.

Additional Activities

A. Supply appropriate words that complete each analogy below. The type is written as your guide.

Here is an example:

happy:______ :: sad:_______(Synonyms)

Answer: happy : joyful:: sad: depressed

Now, it’s your turn…

1. inflation::::strong (Antonyms)
2. petal:::keyboard: (Part to whole)
3. :fortunate::thankful: (Synonyms)
4. Mayon Volcano:::Taal Volcano: (Location)
5. : yawning::: scratching (Cause and Effect)

B. Provide one(1) example for each type of analogy we have discussed. Write the relationship opposite to it.

Here is an example:

easy: difficult :: new : old (Antonyms)

Now, it’s your turn:

1.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

2.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

3.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

4.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

5.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

If you are done, compare your responses with those in the Answer Key page. Did you answer all those items correctly? Awesome!

Congratulations! You have completed this module on Analogy!

Answer Key

What I Know

Task 1

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. c

Task 2

6. Answer varies.
7. The images are connected/related.
8. By determining the relationship of the images in the first pair.

What’s New

Task 3

1. sad
2. infant
3. sweat
4. book
5. forest

What’s More

Task 4

1. Part to whole
2. Antonyms
3. Synonyms
4. Location
5. Part to Whole
6. Synonyms
7. Location
8. Antonyms
9. Cause and Effect
10. Cause and Effect

What I Have Learned

Task 5

1. Analogy
2. puzzle
3. two pairs
4. “is to”
5. “as”
6. Antonyms
7. Synonyms
8. Cause and Effect
9. Part to Whole
10. Location

What I Can Do

Task 6

Answers may vary. (Contact your teacher/facilitator for checking.)

Assessment

Answers may vary. (Contact your teacher/facilitator for checking.)

Additional Activities

A.

Answers may vary. Sample answers are:

1. deflation, weak
2. flower, computer
3. lucky, grateful
4. Albay, Batangas
5. fatigue, itchy

B.

Answers may vary. Sample answers are:

6. abundant:scarce::wide:narrow (Antonyms)
7. tasty:mouthwatering::solid:hard (Synonyms)
8. cow:farm::starfish:sea (Location)
9. broken arm:cast::buffalo killing: buffalo extinction (Cause and Effect)
10. nucleus:cell::cerebrum:brain (Part to Whole)

References

Website

“A Guide For Teaching With Analogies – | Critical Thinking”. 2020. Teachthought. https://www.teachthought.com/critical-thinking/types-of-analogies/.

“Analogy – Examples, And Definition Of Analogy”. 2020. Literary Devices. https://literarydevices.net/analogy/.

“Analogy | Nature | Free 30-Day Trial | Scribd”. 2020. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/367647035/Analogy.

“Analogy Examples In Literature”. 2020. Examples.Yourdictionary.Com. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/analogy-examples-in-literature.html.

“Analogy Examples In Literature”. 2020. Examples.Yourdictionary.Com. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/analogy-examples-in-literature.html.

“Analogy Examples”. 2020. Examples.Yourdictionary.Com. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/analogy-ex.html.

“Bible Gateway Passage: Proverbs 25:25 – King James Version”. 2020. Bible Gateway. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs%2025%3A25&version=KJV.

“How Analogies Challenge And Benefit The Gifted Learner | National Association For Gifted Children”. 2020. Nagc.Org. https://www.nagc.org/blog/how-analogies-challenge-and-benefit-gifted-learner.

“Simile – Examples And Definition Of Simile”. 2020. Literary Devices. https://literarydevices.net/simile/.

2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.masterclass.com/articles/metaphor-similie-and-analogy-differences-and-similarities#whats-the-difference-between-metaphor-simile-and-analogy> [Accessed 11 September 2020].

      
      

2021. Bmcc.Cuny.Edu. https://www.bmcc.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/ported/lrc/studyskills/factsandopinions.pdf.

      
      

2022. Greetingcardpoet.Com. https://www.greetingcardpoet.com/good-analogy-examples-and-definition/.

      
      

Here, Start, Certified Writers, My Account, Brett Evans, Roberta Rosenberg, Lyndon Antcliff, and Pat Law et al. 2020. “Metaphor, Simile, Analogy: What’S The Difference? – Copyblogger”. Copyblogger. https://copyblogger.com/metaphor-simile-and-analogy-whats-the-difference/.

Here, Start, Certified Writers, My Account, Gabi Miron, Rohan Bhardwaj, Michael LaRocca, and Ricky davies et al. 2020. “The Persuasive Power Of Analogy – Copyblogger”. Copyblogger. https://copyblogger.com/persuasive-analogies/.

Worksheets, Picture, Logical Aptitude), and Picture Analogy. 2020. “Free Printable Picture Analogy Worksheets – Logical Reasoning – Megaworkbook”. Megaworkbook.Com. http://www.megaworkbook.com/general-aptitude/picture-analogy.

Book

Bowen, Elizabeth. 2019. The House In Paris. New York: Anchor Books.

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