Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Quarter 1 Module 5: Elements and Principles of Art

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions – Quarter 1 – Module 5: Elements and Principles of Art

Senior High School

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Quarter 1 – Module 5 Elements and Principles of Art

[illustration: learners reading and studying under a tree, in a classroom, and at a desk with a globe and lamp]

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY NOT FOR SALE

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 5: Elements and Principles of Art First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – National Capital Region

Office Address: Misamis St. Bago Bantay, Quezon City Telefax: 02-929-0153 E-mail Address: depedncr@deped.gov.ph

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mariane Diane S. Maputi Editor: Grace B. Santos Reviewers: Dr. Arlyn M. Brigola and Dr. Gregorio T. Capiral Illustrator: Ralph C. Apostol Layout Artist: Teddy C. Sarmiento Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Director IV Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS Micah S. Pacheco, Regional ADM Coordinator Evangeline P. Ladines, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent Rodel C. Apostol, Division EPS In Charge of LRMS

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Quarter 1 – Module 5 Elements and Principles of Art

Senior High School

Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Arts have been part of our lives since early years of history. From then to contemporary times, the development of art has continuously grown and encompasses so many aspects of our lives. Hence, the learner and his/her family need to be aware that they get to encounter and to appreciate Art almost daily, and it has engaged in and part of their lives. More importantly, to make these encounters with arts meaningful, they need to know and to understand it. Having knowledge and understanding of art is essential as it can help to know and to understand oneself.

To know and understand art, Module 5 is made with these in mind. This module can be used in school and at home as it is considered a part of a continuum of lessons in enhancing one’s knowledge of Art. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions is a subject that will enhance the understanding of what is already known by both learner and parents. In this module, it is important that writing, drawing, and coloring materials are prepared ahead so that it would be easier to facilitate the activities. The learner should have their own pens, pencils and sharpeners, erasers, coloring materials, and bond papers. The learner should be told to use separate sheets in answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.

Notes to the Teacher

Many of your students have a limited view of Art. They may just have a visual perspective of the arts from their experiences of drawing, coloring, illustrating, and looking at pictures and paintings. Broadening their view of Art will open a new way for them to appreciate it, with particular attention given to Contemporary Arts that are developed in the different regions of the country.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Drawings, pictures, collages, and paper arts have been part of your education since you were a child. In this module, your understanding and idea about art will be thorough as you explore into this lesson.

Module 5 will let you identify elements and principles of art that you can used in describing and appreciating contemporary arts. Filipino artists are adept in creating artworks from different materials, both traditional and non-traditional. Different elements and and principles of art are used to create contemporary Philippine art.

To accomplish this, you need to have your own materials for writing and drawing. This module allows you to follow through its content through orderly and developmental steps. As you go along, you will discover that this is like an interactive game where you do and learn things at the same time. Take this, read it, learn from it, and enjoy it.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

[illustration: hand icon] What I Need to Know — This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

[illustration: hand holding pencil icon] What I Know — This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

[illustration: hands icon] What’s In — This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one.

[illustration: leaf and hands icon] What’s New — In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation.

[illustration: magnifying glass icon] What is It — This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.

[illustration: hands with blocks icon] What’s More — This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

[illustration: lightbulb icon] What I Have Learned — This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

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[illustration: hand holding a stylus icon] What I Can Do — This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

[illustration: hand writing icon] Assessment — This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

[illustration: gears icon] Additional Activities — In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts.

[illustration: key icon] Answer Key — This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References — This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

[illustration: hand with finger pointing icon]

This module is designed and is written for you. It is intended to facilitate understanding and appreciation of Philippine Contemporary Arts. The scope of this module permits it to be used in different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of learners. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course as indicated in the curriculum guide. However, the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the flow of the lesson and with the rate or pace of learning.

The module contains Lesson 5 – Elements and Principles of Art.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recall the National Artists of the Philippines and their artworks;
2. illustrate the elements and principles of art;
3. evaluate the artworks of National Artists of the Philippines and other contemporary art forms based on the elements and principles of arts; and
4. appreciate contemporary art forms based on the elements and principles of arts.

What I Know

[illustration: hand holding pencil icon]

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. This element of art is used to form shapes.
   a. Color c. Proportion
   b. Line d. Space

   
   

2. This principle of art refers to the dominance given to a certain element in an art.
   a. Contrast c. Emphasis
   b. Color d. Variety

   
   

3. This element of art expresses the three-dimensionality of objects in an art.
   a. Form c. Line
   b. Shape d. Movement

   
   

4. This element of art implies distances of objects between each other in an art.
   a. Movement c. Line
   b. Value d. Space

   
   

5. This is a principle of art usually achieved through repetition of elements used in an art.
   a. Movement c. Balance
   b. Rhythm d. Variety

   
   

6. This element of art shows the range of the tones of a color from light to dark.
   a. Color c. Contrast
   b. Value d. Texture

   
   

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a. Color c. Contrast b. Value d. Texture

7. This principle of art refers to the arrangement of opposite elements used in an art.
   a. Color c. Contrast
   b. Value d. Texture

   
   

8. Which of the following describe the change of value when white is added to a certain color?
   a. Intensity c. Shade
   b. Tone d. Tint

   
   

9. Which of the following are the representations of lines in an art?
   I. Horizontal Line III. Circular Line
   II. Curved Line IV. Waved Line
   a. I and II c. I, II, and IV
   b. III and IV d. I, II, and III

   
   

10. Which of the following are the classifications of colors?
    I. Supplementary Colors III. Tertiary Colors
    II. Complementary Colors IV. Principal Colors
    a. I, II, and III c. II, III, and IV
    b. II, III, and IV d. I, III, and IV

    
    

11. Which of the following are the principles of art?
    I. Rhythm II. Balance III. Proportion IV. Texture
    a. I and II c. I, II, and III
    b. III and IV d. I, II, and IV

    
    

12. Which of the following are the elements of art?
    I. Movement II. Texture III. Proportion IV. Form
    a. I and II c. I and III
    b. III and IV d. II and IV

    
    

13. Which of the following descriptions of an artwork refers to the principle of balance?
    a. A photo of a seesaw with two kids equally distant from the fulcrum of the seesaw.
    b. A drawing of caricatures of each member of a family.
    c. A digital art of red tomatoes and one green tomato.
    d. None of the above.

    
    

14. Which of the following descriptions of an artwork refers to the principle of rhythm?
    a. A photo of a seesaw with two kids equally distant from the fulcrum of the seesaw.
    b. A drawing of caricatures of each member of a family.
    c. A digital art of red tomatoes and one green tomato.
    d. None of the above.

    
    

15. Which of the following descriptions of an artwork refers to the principle of emphasis?
    a. A photo of a seesaw with two kids equally distant from the fulcrum of the

    
    

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seesaw. b. A traditional painting of caricatures of each member of a family. c. A digital drawing of red tomatoes and one green tomato. d. None of the above.

Lesson 5 Contemporary Art Forms from the Regions

Different kinds of local artworks have sprung not only in the urban centers of the country and in schools of arts of different educational institutions but also a lot more of never before seen or heard art forms from the countryside have made known and have become renowned. These artworks are made with the artistic expression of ideas of various Philippine artists and effectively delivered the message or idea of the artwork with the use of elements and principles of art.

What’s In

From the previous lessons, you described the various contemporary art forms of the Philippines based on the elements and principles of arts and you learned who are the National Artists of the Philippines and their contribution to Philippine Arts. With that, let us check your ideas about contemporary art forms in the Philippines.

Directions: From the box below, determine the Philippine National Artist that is described in each statement. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

A. Jose Maceda	D. Manuel Conde	G. Alice Reyes
B. Fernando Amorsolo	E. Francisco Coching	H. Nick Joaquin
C. Guillermo Tolentino	F. Bienvenido Lumbera	I. Napoleon Abueva

_____ 1. He sculpted the Oblation in 1935 which is located at the University of the Philippines Campus in Diliman, Quezon City. _____ 2. He founded the UP Center for Ethnomusicology. _____ 3. He collaborated with Carlos V. Francisco in the film Genghis Khan in 1950 that tells the epic adventure of a Mongolian conqueror. _____ 4. He wrote the libretto recounting the origins of the Manobo people. _____ 5. She is the founder of Ballet Philippines.

What’s New

From the previous lessons, you described the various contemporary art forms of the Philippines based on the elements and principles of arts and you learned who are the National Artists of the Philippines and their contribution to Philippine Arts. Now, in relation to that, did you ever wonder how the elements and principles of arts is used in making an artistic artwork? Or did you ever wonder how to critic an artwork based on the elements and principles of arts? Those questions will be answered and explored in this module. To start your learning about the elements and principles of art, examine the following image of artwork and process your thoughts with the help of the guide questions below.

[photo: painting of a seated figure in angular shapes against a red and gray background]

Thinking Man by Ang Kiukok Redraw by Mervin Meude

These are the guide questions:

1. How does the shapes and forms define the subject of the artwork?
2. How does colors create mood or emotion in this artwork?
3. What is the artwork all about?

What is It

Elements and principles of art are being introduced in Module 1: Arts in the Philippines. In module 1, the elements and principles of art is introduced to describe the various contemporary art forms from the regions of the Philippines generally from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The elements of art are space, line, shape and form, color, value, and texture. Meanwhile, the principles of art are proportion, harmony, variety, movement, rhythm, balance, and emphasis. Now, let’s discuss this elements and principles of art further.

Elements of Art

1. Line

An element of art that is used to define shape, contours, and outlines, also to suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms. Line may come in two

characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or broken lines; and direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different characteristics of lines may convey different meanings:

[illustration: five line samples showing horizontal, vertical, diagonal, wavy, and concentric circular lines]

a) Horizontal Line creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability. b) Vertical Line creates an impression of strength and perfect stability. c) Diagonal Line creates an impression of action. d) Curved Line creates an impression of gradual change of direction. e) Circular Line creates an impression of abrupt change of direction.

Moreover, lines can be classified into different types:

a) Outlines are made by the edge of an object or its silhouette. b) Contour Lines describe the shape of an object and the interior detail. c) Expressive Lines catch the movement and gestures of an active figure. d) Sketch Lines capture the appearance of an object or impression of a place. e) Calligraphic Lines are the elegant handwriting or lettering done by hand. f) Implied Lines are lines that are not actually drawn but created by a group of objects seen from a distance.

[illustration: examples of the line types: a drawing labeled “Expressive Lines,” “Outlines,” and “Contour Lines”; a flower sketch; the word “Calligraphy”; and two circles formed by implied lines]

2. Shape

Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures with height and width. There are different kinds of shapes and these are geometric shapes, organic shapes, positive shapes, negative shapes, static shapes, and dynamic shapes.

a) Geometric Shapes are circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, and other geometric shapes. b) Organic Shapes are shapes found in nature and are free flowing, informal and irregular (abstract shapes). c) Positive Shapes are the solid forms in a design. d) Negative Shapes are the space around the positive shape. e) Static Shapes are shapes that appears stable and resting. f) Dynamic Shapes are shapes that appears moving and active.

[photo: column of examples: a black triangle; a hand; a flower; and a sunset over a street with a figure, labeled “Negative Space,” “Static Space,” and “Dynamic Space”]

3. Color

Colors are the way we see light reflected from a surface or refracted through a prism. Colors we see in nature are reflections of light on the surfaces around us. We can classify colors into primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors, analogous

colors, complementary colors, monochromatic colors, warm colors, and cool colors.

a) Primary colors are red, blue, and yellow. b) Secondary colors are the resulting colors when the two of the primary colors are mix. The secondary colors are purple, green, and orange. c) Tertiary colors are the resulting colors when two of the primary and/or secondary colors are mix. The tertiary colors are amber, vermilion, magenta, violet, teal, and chartreuse. d) Analogous Colors are colors that lie nest to each other based on the color wheel. Example of analogous colors are yellow, orange, and red. e) Complementary colors are colors that are opposite to each other based on the color wheel. Examples of complementary colors are red and green, blue and orange, and purple and yellow. f) Monochromatic Colors are several values of one color. g) Warm colors are colors that give the feeling of warmth. The warm colors are yellow, amber, orange, vermilion, red, and magenta. h) Cool colors are colors that give the feeling of coolness. The cool colors are purple, violet, blue, teal, green, and chartreuse.

4. Space

Space refers to distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece and refers to the arrangement of objects on the picture plane (two-dimensional). In visual arts, space may either be positive space or negative space. Positive space refers to a part which is enclosed in a shape. Meanwhile, negative space refers to the opposite part which the shape is enclosing. Moreover, perspective is a technical means by which we perceive distance in painting, by which we are made to see the position of objects in space.

[photo: pencil drawing of a tree-lined road in one-point perspective] https://www.flickr.com/photos/littlemaiba/31094230650/in/photolist-PnG4t1-dev9sq

[photo: pencil drawing of a building in two-point perspective] https://www.flickr.com/photos/77278694@N02/7086843669/in/photolist-bNeVHP-2hkmthR

a) In one-point perspective, we perceive that the position of objects meets at one point on the horizontal line. b) In two-point perspective, we perceive that the position of objects meets at two points on the horizontal line.

5. Texture

Texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on things- rough or smooth, bumpy or slippery. It is the character of the surface of an artwork.

a) Real texture is the actual texture of an object. Artist may create real texture in art to give it visual interest or evoke a feeling. b) Implied texture made a piece of art to look like a certain texture. Like a drawing of a tree trunk may look rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of paper.

[photo: collage of flower images showing different surface textures]

6. Value

Value pertains to the lightness or darkness of a color in a given artwork. Value can be changed by adding white or black to a color and these described as tint and shade.

a) Tint pertains to the lightness of a color. b) Shade pertains to the darkness of a color.

[illustration: horizontal gradient bar shading from black to white]

7. Form

Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. It has dimensions of height, width, and length.

According to Mader (2019), the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. Consequently, principles of art represent how the artist uses elements of art to create an effect and convey the artist’s intent.

Principles of Art

1. Rhythm

This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern.

[illustration: square spiral designs repeated in a pattern]

2. Movement

Movement is the illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design.

[illustration: radiating black lines suggesting motion]

3. Balance

Balance refers to the visual weight in a picture. It refers to the even distribution of positions of elements in an artwork. The principle of balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

a) Symmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein its both sides has the same elements in the same position. b) Asymmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein it is balance through the contrast or differences of any of the elements of art.

[illustration: two black-and-white patterned designs showing symmetrical and asymmetrical balance]

4. Proportion

Proportion refers to the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work.

[illustration: row of black dots increasing in size]

5. Contrast

This principle shows differences between elements of art in an artwork. It shows how stronger each element of art in relation to one another.

[illustration: white sun shape on black and black sun shape on white]

6. Variety

This principle of art refers to the diversity or the different elements used in an artwork to make it more interesting.

[illustration: multicolored patterned fabric]

7. Emphasis

Emphasis refers to the greater impact or highlight given to a certain element in an artwork.

[illustration: grid of black squares with one square tilted]

8. Harmony

This principle of art refers to the unity of an artwork. It is about the arrangement of the related elements that makes an artwork to be viewed as a whole.

[illustration: decorative lettering reading “unite” ]

These elements and principles of arts are very important aspects in understanding and appreciating arts. It helps an artist to make an artistic artwork which conveys their essential ideas or their intent. However, it is not just served as a help to artists but also to the viewers. Through the elements and principles of art present in an artwork, viewers will be able to understand, appreciate, and evaluate an artwork. Hence, we will apply elements and principles of art in evaluating artworks.

Evaluation of Artworks Based on Elements and Principles of Art

[photo: abstract painting in red, orange, and yellow shapes] Redraw by Mervin Meude

This artwork was made by the National Artist of the Philippines in Visual Arts Hernando Ocampo entitled “Genesis”. According to Rafhael Piola (2015), “some of the elements that could be seen in this canvass, in my own opinion, would be lines (curved), shape (amorphic), light, and color. As for its principles of design and in my own opinion, some of the principles visible to this canvass would be variety in terms of its colors, and balance (asymmetrical), emphasis (focal point). Through the elements and principles that I have seen through this illustration, personally, I would interpret it as a very strong yet positive canvass because of its colors. With the color of red, for me it means that there is passion and dedication that the painter wants me to feel and I could also see a yellow color meaning happiness and positive vibes. As for its lines, it is curvy yet it is thin meaning it is flowing in a very calm state…”. This artwork of Hernando Ocampo was also assessed by Ambeth R. Ocampo through the online platform of Philippine Daily Inquirer. According to Ambeth Ocampo (2013), “with proper lighting, “Genesis” glows with the intensity of red-hot embers and emanating from its three-dimensional center are what seem to be claws or tongues of fire reaching out to the viewer”.

Appreciation to this artwork of Hernando Ocampo by the viewers or other artists maybe similar or maybe different in some aspects. It is based on how they perceive the artwork with the help of elements and principles of arts or other factors that can influence them to appreciate or understand it.

Overall, elements and principles of art are a must in learning and comprehending arts especially Philippine arts. Hence, if you are a student engage to arts or have an interest to arts, use these elements and principles of arts wisely in creating your unique and artistic pieces of art.

What’s More

Activity 1.1 Applying Understanding in Elements and Principles of Art

These are the guidelines in doing the activity.

1. In doing the activity, you should illustrate four elements of art and four principles of art based on your understanding about the lesson. The four elements of art that you will illustrate are line, color, shape, and space; while the four principles of art that you will illustrate are rhythm, contrast, harmony, and balance.
2. The materials needed in this activity are pencil, coloring materials, markers, erasure, ruler, and other art materials.
3. You will use the provided activity sheet with indicated borderline.
4. The upper four sections on the provided bond paper correspond to the four elements of art, while the lower four sections correspond to the four principles of art that you will illustrate.
5. After you finish your artwork, take a picture of it and send it to your teacher via FB messenger or Google Classroom on the prescribed submission deadline set by your teacher.

In appraising your output in this activity, this rubric will be used:

Criteria	5 points	4 points	3 points	2 points
Instructions and Concepts	The learner followed all the guidelines and did the activity in reference to all the elements and principles of arts.	The learner followed 4 guidelines only and did the activity in reference to 5-6 elements and principles of arts.	The learner followed 3 guidelines only and did the activity in reference to 3-4 elements and principles of arts.	The learner followed 2 guidelines only and did the activity in reference to 1-2 elements and principles of arts.
Craftmanship	The output shows art making skills in illustrating 4 elements and 4 principles of arts.	The output shows art making skills in illustrating 3 elements and 3 principles of arts only.	The output shows art making skills in illustrating 2 elements and 2 principles of arts only.	The output shows art making skills in illustrating 1 element and 1 principle of arts only.
Creativity and Originality	The output shows unique and creative illustration of 4 elements and 4 principles of arts.	The output shows unique and creative illustration of 3 elements and 3 principles of arts only.	The output shows unique and creative illustration of 2 elements and 2 principles of arts only.	The output shows unique and creative illustration of 1 element and 1 principle of arts only.

[illustration: blank worksheet sheet printed sideways with eight empty panels in two columns of four; a side panel reads “LET’S CREATE: THE ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART,” with fields “NAME:”, “GRADE AND SECTION:”, “TEACHER:”, and “DATE ACCOMPLISHED:”]

[transcriber’s note: the document title is not printed on these pages]

Activity 1.2 Analyzing the Elements and Principles of Art

Directions: Appreciate and evaluate the given artwork of the National Artists of the Philippines below by answering the questions reference to the elements and principles of art. Each question is worth 2 points. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. A painting of “Sabel” by Benedicto Cabrera
   a) How do the forms in this artwork make you feel?
   b) What part of the composition the artist wants to emphasize?
   c) How does the emphasis creates mood or emotion in the artwork?

[photo: painting “Sabel” by Benedicto Cabrera] https://www.flickr.com/photos/faun070/14727920560/in/photolist-u6Ht2R-orsrEQ

2. Bagong Taon by Arturo Luz
   a) What mood, emotion, or idea does the element of line created in the artwork?
   b) What principle of art is evident in the artwork? Why?

[photo: painting “Bagong Taon” by Arturo Luz] https://www.flickr.com/photos/pierremm/4261934577/in/photolist-7uBwED-P3pfs

In appraising your answers for each question, this analytic rubric will be used:

Criteria	1 point	No point
Relevance	The answer is connected to the given artwork.	The answer is not connected at all to the given artwork.
Understanding of the Concepts	The answer is in reference to the indicated element or principle of art in the question.	The answer is not in reference to the indicated element or principle of art in the question.

[illustration: hand holding a light bulb]

What I Have Learned

1. According to Mader (2019), the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition.

   
   

2. The elements of art are line, shape, color, space, texture, value, and form.

   
   

3. Principles of art represent how the artist uses elements of art to create an effect and convey the artist’s intent.

   
   

4. The principles of art are rhythm, movement, balance, proportion, contrast, variety, emphasis, and harmony.

   
   

5. These elements and principles of arts are very important aspects in understanding and appreciating arts.

   
   

6. It helps an artist to make an artistic artwork which conveys their essential ideas or their intent. Also, it helps viewers to understand, appreciate, and evaluate an artwork.

   
   

[illustration: hand holding gears]

What I Can Do

Activity 2.1 Principle of Art in Photography

Goal	The learner will capture an image depicting the daily lives of a typical Filipino showing at least four principles of art.
Role	The learner is a creative photographer that will use arts in depicting daily lives of a Filipino.
Audience	Parents and Senior High School students of Parañaque City
Situation	In the time of suffering, disaster, or pandemic, a courageous heart is a must in waking up every day. In relation to this, how a typical Filipino live, cope, and survive his/her life in this those times shows what the Filipino spirit is. Hence, as a student, let’s appreciate the Filipino spirit evident in our daily lives through arts.
Product Performance	A photo depicting daily lives of a typical Filipino integrating at least four principles of art.
Standards	The learner will follow the guidelines in making the activity and the rubric provided.

These are the guidelines in doing the activity:

1. In this activity, you will capture an image depicting daily lives of a typical Filipino.

   
   

2. The image that you will capture should show the principles of art.

   
   

3. You will choose at least four principles of art that you will show in the image that you will capture.

   
   

4. The material needed in this activity is any available smartphone with camera or any available digital camera. There is no specific camera quality required in this activity.

   
   

5. The date and time when you captured the image should be indicated in the picture itself.

   
   

6. After capturing the needed image, send it to your teacher via FB messenger or Google classroom on the prescribed submission deadline by your teacher. Indicate your name and section on the bottom of the captured image.

   
   

7. After the teacher gave his/her rating to your photo, share your photograph to the FB messenger classroom.

   
   

In appraising your output, this rubric will be used:

Criteria	10 points	8 points	5 points	2 points
Project Requirements	Captured image reflects at least four principles of arts. Follow all the guidelines.	Captured image reflects only 3 principles of arts only. Follow 5 guidelines only.	Captured image reflects only 2 principles of arts only. Follow 4 guidelines only.	Captured image reflects only 1 principle of arts only. Follow 3 guidelines only.
Creativity and Originality	The image was originally and creatively captured and integrated at least 4 principles of art.	The image was originally and creatively captured and integrated only 3 principles of art.	The image was originally and creatively captured and integrated only 2 principles of art.	The image was originally and creatively captured and integrated only 1 principle of art.

Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer from the choices below. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. This principle of art refers to the greater impact given to a certain element in a piece of art.
   a. Contrast
   c. Balance
   b. Emphasis
   d. Rhythm

   
   

2. This element of art is used to define shape and form.
   a. Color
   c. Line
   b. Space
   d. Value

   
   

3. This element of art implies distances or areas around, between or within components of an artwork.
   a. Color
   c. Line
   b. Space
   d. Value

   
   

4. Height, width, and length are the dimensions implied of this element of art.
   a. Shape
   c. Form
   b. Space
   d. Texture

   
   

5. This principle of art when use produce a pattern in an artwork.

   
   

   a. Harmony
   b. Unity
   c. Balance
   d. Rhythm

   
   

6. This element of art can be described as tint and shade.
   a. Color
   c. Texture
   b. Space
   d. Value

   
   

7. Which of the following describe the change of value when black or white added to a certain color?
   I. Tint II. Color III. Shade IV. Hue
   a. II and IV
   c. I, III, and IV
   b. I and III
   d. I, II, and III

   
   

8. Which of the following describe the change of value when black is added to a certain color?
   a. Color
   c. Shade
   b. Hue
   d. Tint

   
   

9. Which of the following statement/s is/are true about elements of art?
   I. Different representations of lines may convey different meanings.
   II. Texture is the appeal of the implied surface in an artwork.
   III. Artist uses the elements of arts to create a composition.
   a. I and II
   c. I, II, and III
   b. II and III
   d. None of the statements is true.

   
   

10. Which of the following are considered as warm colors?
    I. Violet II. Red-Orange III. Yellow-Green IV. Blue
    a. I and IV
    c. I and II
    b. II and III
    d. III and IV

    
    

11. Which of the following statement/s is/are false?
    Statement 1: Symmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein its both sides has the same elements in the same position.
    Statement 2: Asymmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein both sides balances through the differences of elements in different positions.
    a. Only Statement 1 is false
    c. Both statements are false
    b. Only Statement 2 is false
    d. Both statements are not false

    
    

12. Which of the following situations shows an artist using a principle of variety?
    I. Gabrielle is a fine arts student. He is working on an artwork wherein he uses different elements of art that creates the mood of diversity.
    II. Anna is working in her drawing project for her art subject. In her drawing, the elements she used is present on the both sides of the drawing resulting to a mirror-like art.
    III. Charles is a student of Teacher Maria. Teacher Maria gave an art project in his class. The art project is to do a painting that shows unity of the elements of arts to be used.
    a. I
    c. III
    b. II
    d. None of the situations

    
    

13. Which of the following situations shows an artist using a principle of contrast?
    I. Gabrielle is a fine arts student. He is working on an artwork wherein he uses different elements of art that creates the mood of diversity.
    II. Anna is working in her drawing project for her art subject. In her drawing, the elements she used is present on the both sides of the drawing resulting to a mirror-like art.
    III. Charles is a student of Teacher Maria. Teacher Maria gave an art project in his class. The art project is to do a painting that shows unity of the elements of arts to be used.
    a. I
    c. III
    b. II
    d. None of the situations

    
    

14. Which of the following situations shows usage of principle of balance in an artwork?
    I. Gabrielle is a fine arts student. He is working on an artwork wherein he uses different elements of art that creates the mood of diversity.
    II. Anna is working in her drawing project for her art subject. In her drawing, the elements she used is present on the both sides of the drawing resulting to a mirror-like art.
    III. Charles is a student of Teacher Maria. Teacher Maria gave an art project in his class. The art project is to do a painting that shows unity of the elements of arts to be used.
    a. I
    c. III
    b. II
    d. None of the situations

    
    

15. Which of the following situations show an artist using principles of art?
    I. Gabrielle is a fine arts student. He is working on an artwork wherein he uses different elements of art that creates the mood of diversity.
    II. Anna is working in her drawing project for her art subject. In her drawing, the elements she used is present on the both sides of the drawing resulting to a mirror-like art.
    III. Charles is a student of Teacher Maria. Teacher Maria gave an art project in his class. The art project is to do a painting that shows unity of the elements of arts to be used.
    a. I and II
    c. All of the situations
    b. II and III
    d. None of the situations

    
    

Additional Activities

As an artistic young Filipino, draw a caricature of yourself. Your caricature should express your physical identity. Afterwards, take a picture of it. Post it on your class’ FB Messenger Classroom. Without asking for feedbacks, find out how your classmates will react to your caricature. In this way, your classmates will get to know you and appreciate the artist in you. If you have accomplished this, you can show your slogan to your teacher as part of your performance output.

Answer Key

What I Know
1. B	6. B	11. C
2. C	7. C	12. D
3. B	8. D	13. A
4. D	9. D	14. D
5. B	10. C	15. C
What’s In
1. C	3. D	5. G
2. A	4. F
What’s New
Answers may vary.
What’s More
Activity 1.2
Answers may vary.
Assessment
1. B	6. D	11. D
2. C	7. B	12. A
3. B	8. B	13. D
4. C	9. C	14. B
5. D	10. B	15. C

References

Marder, L. (2019). The 7 principles of art and design. Retrieved July 11, 2020 from https://www.liveabout.com/principles-of-art-and-design-2578740#:~:text=The%20elements%20of%20art%20are,help%20convey%20the%20artist’s%20intent.

Piola, R. (2015). Some of the finest work of art made by Filipinos. Retrieved July 11, 2020 from https://medium.com/@rafhaelpiola/some-of-the-finest-work-of-art-made-by-filipinos-9f8d1130cf05

Ocampo, A. (2013). The real H.R. Ocampo stands up. Retrieved July 11, 2020 from https://opinion.inquirer.net/55307/the-real-h-r-ocampo-stands-up#ixzz3SpvieTDv

Sandagan, L. & Sayseng, A. (2016). Contemporary Philippine arts from the Regions. Pasay City, Philippines: JFS Publishing Services. ISBN 978-621415-012-0.

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