Technology has changed how students learn, but not every student or teacher has equal access to devices and the internet. This gap, called the digital divide, makes it harder for some learners to keep up. This guide explains what the digital divide is, describes some solutions that schools and organizations use to close it, and outlines the challenges and the roles that educators and other stakeholders can play.
On this page 6 sections
What the digital divide is
The digital divide is the gap between people who have access to technology and the internet and people who do not. The gap is often shaped by economic, geographic, and social factors, such as family income or where a student lives.
In the United States, the National Center for Education Statistics reported in 2021 that 14 percent of households with children do not have internet access. Without access, students may find it hard to:
- complete homework
- do research
- communicate with teachers and classmates
Students without technology and the internet are at a disadvantage and may struggle to keep up with their peers. Educators therefore need ways to make sure all students can use the tools and resources they need to succeed.
Solutions that promote access
Mobile hotspots and devices
Some schools and organizations lend or give laptops, tablets, mobile hotspots, and other devices to students for home use. One example is the Sprint 1Million Project, which provided high school students with free wireless devices and service plans so they could stay connected. Programs like this give students the tools to learn and to keep in touch with their teachers and classmates.
Digital literacy programs
Having a device is not enough; students and teachers also need to know how to use technology well and responsibly. Digital literacy programs teach these skills. For example, the National Education Association offers a Digital Citizenship and Literacy program with resources and training that help educators guide students through the digital world safely.
Public Wi-Fi and broadband
Expanding public Wi-Fi and broadband access is a third approach. It can bring internet service to more learners, but it depends on investment in infrastructure and on political support.
Limitations and challenges
These solutions are promising, but they have limits:
- Cost. Devices, hotspots, and digital literacy programs can be expensive. Many schools and organizations lack the funds to run them on a large scale.
- Infrastructure. Wider public Wi-Fi and broadband need investment and support from government.
- Access outside school hours. Students may not be able to reach public Wi-Fi because of a lack of transportation or safety concerns.
- Conditions at home. Distractions or disruptions at home can make it hard for students to use technology effectively, even when they have it.
What educators and stakeholders can do
Closing the digital divide is shared work.
Educators can:
- advocate for policies that support access and equity in education
- stay up to date on new technology tools and resources
- work with policymakers, communities, and technology companies
Other stakeholders each have a part:
- Policymakers can fund and support programs that expand access to technology and the internet.
- Technology companies can work with educators to build tools that meet the needs of all learners.
- Community organizations can support students and families who lack access to technology and the internet.
Looking ahead
New tools may widen access and equity further. Virtual and augmented reality could offer new ways to learn and engage with lessons. Artificial intelligence and machine learning could help personalize learning and give targeted support to the students who need it most.
Breaking down digital barriers matters because every learner deserves the same chance to succeed. Devices and hotspots, digital literacy training, and wider public Wi-Fi and broadband all help, and they work best when educators and stakeholders work together.
Frequently asked questions
What is the digital divide?
It is the gap between people who have access to technology and the internet and people who do not. It is often shaped by economic, geographic, and social factors.
How does the digital divide affect students?
Students without devices or internet may struggle to complete homework, do research, and communicate with teachers and classmates, which puts them at a disadvantage compared with their peers.
What solutions help close the digital divide?
The guide describes three: providing mobile hotspots and devices for home use, running digital literacy programs, and expanding public Wi-Fi and broadband access.
Why is it hard to close the digital divide?
Devices and programs cost money, wider broadband needs infrastructure investment and political support, and students may still face barriers such as lack of transportation, safety concerns, or distractions at home.
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