Arts 7 Quarter 3 Module 2: Mindanao Architecture, Metal Crafts, and Functional Art Forms

Arts

Quarter 3 – Module 2: Vestige of the Past Arts and Crafts of Mindanao Architecture, Metal Crafts, and Functional Art Forms

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[illustration: students and a teacher studying with books, a globe, and a lantern]

CO_Q3_Arts 7_ Module 2

Arts – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 2: Vestige of the Past Arts and Crafts of Mindanao Architecture, Metal Crafts, and Functional Art Forms First Edition, 2019

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Leovie D. Ramirez Content Editor: Emmanuel C. Alveyra Language Editor: Leovie D. Ramirez Reviewer: Emmanuel C. Alveyra Illustrators: Louie J. Cortez, Reymark L. Miraples, Richard Amores, Pablo M. Nizal, Jr., Jan Christian D. Cabarrubias Layout Artists: Reymark L. Miraples, Louie J. Cortez, Magnolia M. Mabulo-Delos Santos, Marjorie P. Gabumpa Management Team: Benjamin D. Paragas, Mariflor B. Musa, Freddie Rey R. Ramirez, Danilo C. Padilla, Annabelle M. Marmol, Florina L. Madrid, Norman F. Magsino, Dennis A. Bermoy, Emmanuel C. Alveyra

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – MIMAROPA REGION

Office Address: Meralco Avenue, Cor. St. Paul Road, Pasig City, Metro Manila Telefax: (02)863 – 14070 E-Mail Address: clmd.depedro4b@gmail.com

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Arts

Quarter 3 – Module 2: Vestige of the Past Arts and Crafts of Mindanao Architecture, Metal Crafts, and Functional Art Forms

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

[illustration: hand pointing with a finger, icon beside the heading]

Hi there, our learning companion! Well done! You were able to get here and accomplish the tasks in the previous module. Before we continue on our learning expedition, let’s take some time to check how you have been doing. How has your journey of exploration and discovery of the arts and crafts of Mindanao been so far?

The previous module took you to an artistic journey where you were able to see for yourself the creative attires, textiles, crafts, accessories, and ornaments in Mindanao, all ingeniously created as a testimony for their love of the arts, and their customs, and tradition. Not only that, in a deeper sense, you were also able to discover how they created their art and craft, and how their beliefs fused together to create a unique blend of spirituality and creativity which are manifested in their arts and crafts.

Mindanao which is considered as the second largest island in the Philippine archipelago is home to people with rich culture and tradition. This is very evident in how people in Mindanao have maintained its culture and beliefs despite the sprout of civilization. Furthermore, it is a dwelling place for a number of native ethnic groups that inhabit the island and make its culture even richer. There are big differences in the practices and beliefs of its inhabitants compared to that of the people from Luzon and Visayas. Particularly, some of its ethnic groups did not succumb to the modern ways of living. They kept and observed their customs that helped preserve their rich culture and traditions.

As your journey continues, you will get a chance to explore the different works of art apart from the artistic pieces that were previously presented to you. You will see the beauty that the architecture, sculpture, and functional art forms that the island of Mindanao has in store for a traveler like you who is on this culture trip. You will also be acquainted with the names and proper terms used for these wonderful pieces of art and how these art works look like. You had better pack up your stuff and get ready for a unique voyage of learning about visual arts.

Learning Objectives

Now that you have been formally introduced to the scope of this module, it is thrilling to know that, you will be able to do the following after reading the content and finishing all of the activities in this document:

1. determine the distinguishing characteristics of the arts and crafts of Mindanao, particularly its architecture, metal crafts, and functional art forms,
2. create your own design that mirrors the rich culture and traditions of Mindanao, and
3. show appreciation and concern for the arts and crafts of Mindanao by sharing ways to help raise awareness and support for their culture.

What I Know

[illustration: hand holding a pencil, icon beside the heading]

Take some time to check what you already know about the lesson in this journey by answering this Schema Checker prepared for you before embarking on this expedition. Schemas are concepts that you already learned. They help you understand new ideas. Let us see how much you remember.

Pre-Test: Schema Check!

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write your answers on your activity notebook.

1. What is a torogan’s wing-like ornament flaring out from the beams, and adorned with okir carving?

   • A. Batige
   • B. Gador
   • C. Kampilan
   • D. Panolong

2. Which structure is also known as the Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid, which was established by the Philippine government and Sultan of Brunei?

   • A. Grand Mosque
   • B. Panolong
   • C. Sama-Bajau
   • D. Torogan

3. Which of the following is known as the Butuan Boat, which was used by the pre-colonial Filipinos to traverse the seas for trade or migration?

   • A. Balangay
   • B. Batige
   • C. Kampilan
   • D. Vinta

4. Which among the following does NOT describe the Maitum Jar of Sarangani province?

   • A. It was discovered in Ayub Cave in 1991.
   • B. It is an earthen vessel used for secondary burial.
   • C. It is a large hand-carved jar inlaid with mother of pearl.
   • D. It was the only intact anthropomorphic burial jar having a specific head featuring different emotional states.

5. Why should the datu’s torogan be the largest house within the sultanate?

   • A. It signifies rank, prestige, and wealth.
   • B. It is made of materials which only the datu can avail.
   • C. It represents all the members of the upperclass Maranao.
   • D. It is the ancestral house, which was built many years ago.

Pre-Test: Schema Check! (continued)

6. Which of the following does NOT describe the Santo Rosario Church of Camiguin?

   • A. This was created using nipa palm leaves and wood.
   • B. This Mindanao architecture was built in 1882 using coral stones.
   • C. This was made of local materials, particularly woven bamboo skin.
   • D. This church was modified with steel bars using modern building techniques.

7. Which among the following is a large intricate decorated white metal tobacco container which has also become an interior ornament in Maranao households?

   • A. Gador
   • B. Kampilan
   • C. Kendi
   • D. Rarub-A-Klong

8. Which object was traditionally constructed by joining planks using dowels and fiber lashings?

   • A. Balangay
   • B. Kampilan
   • C. Kendi
   • D. Vinta

9. Which of the following is a metallic vest made of brass plates, carabao horn, and interlocking ringlets?

   • A. Gador
   • B. Kendi
   • C. Kampilan
   • D. Rarub-A-Klong

10. What are the characteristics that make Balangay different from Vinta?

    • I. It is used for raiding purposes.

      
      

    • II. It is built for rough water or long journeys.

      
      

    • III. It is used for short-distance transportation.

      
      

    • IV. It consists of several colors and geometric shapes.

      
      

    • A. I and II

      
      

    • B. I and III

      
      

    • C. I and IV

      
      

    • D. I only

      
      

11. Where do the T’boli people get inspiration for their designs in wood carving, brass casting, and pottery?

    • A. The sceneries in Mindanao
    • B. The wildlife in their local area
    • C. The traditions of other ethnic groups
    • D. The weather and climate in their community

12. Why was Fort Pilar built in 1635?

    • A. to attract tourists
    • B. to promote culture preservation
    • C. to encourage equality and justice
    • D. to protect the people from pirates

Pre-Test: Schema Check! (continued)

13. Which of the following does NOT describe balangay?

    • A. It was not meant for long ocean travel.
    • B. It was propelled by sail of buri or nipa fiber.
    • C. It was used for cargo and raiding purposes.
    • D. It was large wooden boat use by the pre-colonial Filipinos

14. Which group introduced and popularized the making of sails called vinta?

    
    
    
    
    • A. Badjaos
    
    
    • B. Maranao
    
    
    • C. Tausug
    
    
    • D. T’boli
    
    
    
    

    [transcriber’s note: the printed choice “Badjaos” appears struck through in the image; the text is transcribed as legible]

    
    

15. Which structure or artifact was finely built without the use of a blueprint?

    • A. Balangay
    • B. Gador
    • C. Panolong
    • D. Vinta

What’s New

Before you go further, let us see how much you have learned so far in your journey about the arts and crafts of Mindanao through this stopover. During this layover, you have to accomplish different tasks that will help you grapple with the arts and crafts of Mindanao particularly their architecture, sculpture, and functional art forms.

You will also get acquainted with the terminologies that are of great importance to your understanding of the characteristics of these wonderfully created works of art. Here is a set of stopover activities you will hopefully find enjoyable and informative.

ACTIVITY 1.1 – Find the Route!

Hi, to our dear travel companion! This is where your journey officially begins. Before you start this expedition, take note of some important reminders so that you will not get lost.

As an expeditioner, your first goal is to know the path you have to take. In order for you to surmount this maze of learning and continue with the expedition, you need to find the right route that will lead you to the maze’s exit. You just have to focus on your goal for you to be able to achieve it.

That is how you should take every learning expedition like this. When you do that, you will eventually reach your destination.

Directions: Find the correct route that will lead you to the way out of the maze. As you traverse the maze, collect the words that you come across on your way to the exit by listing each one of them in your activity notebook. Afterwards, look for the meaning of each word and write it on your answer sheet.

[illustration: maze puzzle with a figure in traditional dress at the top left and a boat at the bottom right; words printed in the maze: PANOLONG, BILAAN, TOROGAN, BADJAO HOUSES, FORT PILAR, GRAND MOSQUE, MONASTERY, KANDIT, YAKANS, BAGOBOS, HILOT, OKIR, ROSARIO CHURCH, SARUK, BALANGHAY, MAITUM JAR, WOOD CARVING, METAL CASTING, SARIMANOK, KULINTANG, PEGUPAAN, POTTERY, VINTA]

You are on the right track now! That is the way! You were able to find the correct route and gather some important words at the same time. At this point, take some time to look at the words you collected and contemplate on the following questions:

1. What did you notice about the words? What do you think are the similarities of the words that you listed?
2. Which among the words have you encountered before, and how did you learn about them? Which of them have you not encountered yet?

Activity 1.2 – Trivia Master

Directions: Below are culture trivia along with jumbled letters on the other side which are still centered on the arts and crafts Mindanao has to offer. Answer each of the trivia by arranging the jumbled letters on the other side to form meaningful words. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

1. It is the largest mosque in the Philippines sitting near the idle banks of Tamontaka River in Cotabato.
2. It is an earthen vessel used for secondary burial from Sarangani province.
3. It is known as the oldest Pre-Hispanic watercraft found in the Philippines.
4. It is differently structured from other buildings due its pyramid shape structure created by the roof down to its walls and slanting columns.
5. It is regarded as the flowing geometries of the Maranao design system.
6. It is the dwelling place of the datu along with his wives and children.

[transcriber’s note: the jumbled-letter boxes are printed beside the trivia, in this order]

• D R N A G Q E M U S O
• U I M T A M R J A
• L A N A G B A Y
• K U B I N D N O / Y O M R E N A T S
• K R O I
• N R A G O T O

Nice work! I hope that you were able to answer all the trivia that we have rounded up for you in that first stopover. The words that you came across in that activity are relevant to the lesson that you have to deal with in this module.

1. Which among the trivia did you find difficult to answer?
2. What helped you to arrive at the correct answer?

You did a pretty good job in answering those questions Remember the new words that you learned for you will encounter them again in the upcoming activities.

Activity 1.3 – A TRIP TO THE MUSEUM

This time, you will be visiting a museum in Mindanao. However, there is a problem with the arrangement and organization of the artifacts inside the museum. The museum needs your help in sorting out the artifacts according to the category they belong to.

Directions: Below is a pool of arts and crafts of Mindanao. You need to sort them out through the sorting boxes below the word box as soon as possible before the museum opens and becomes ready for the tourists. Put the words inside the box that corresponds to their proper category, namely, architecture, metal crafts, or functional art forms.

BADJAO HOUSES	GRAND MOSQUE	PANOLONG
BALANGAY	KAMPILAN	RARUB-A-KLONG
BATIGE	KENDI	SANTO ROSARIO CHURCH
FORT PILAR	MAITUM JAR	TOROGAN
GADOR	MONASTERY	VINTA

[illustration: three open sorting boxes]

ARCHITECTURE | METAL CRAFTS | FUNCTIONAL ART FORMS

That was a nice try! You were doing an impressive job right there! You were able to get things sorted out and back in their appropriate classification. The museum will now be able to display an organized collection of artifacts. The activity you have just answered serves as your steppingstone to the next level in this expedition.

Before you proceed to the next destination, take a few moments to ponder on these questions to keep track of the treasures you have unlocked.

1. What helped you in classifying the arts and crafts?
2. What is the impact of the three categories to you as an individual? What is the impact of these to the people of Mindanao? Why did you say so?

Go ahead and pat yourself on the back if you were able to accomplish all the stopover tasks! You just rocked them all! We hope that these have helped you with getting acquainted with the things related to the topic in the upcoming stations of this expedition.

What is It

Arts and Crafts of MINDANAO: Architecture, Metal Crafts, and Functional Art Forms

Going through all the basics is important for you to continue this module. In this section, you will be able to get more acquainted with the basic concepts on the arts and crafts of Mindanao, particularly its architecture, metal crafts, and functional art forms. You will come to know how these works of art look like, how they were created, and the distinguishing characteristics of each significant piece.

With that said, here are the important concepts that you need to learn as to enable yourself in taking part in the upcoming activities. Let us go over the concepts. You are encouraged to engage with the discussions as you read through them.

ARCHITECTURE OF MINDANAO

Philippine architecture has changed much from the period prior to and during the Spanish conquests in the country. This is manifested in a number of buildings that celebrate the culture and tradition of early Filipinos before and during the Hispanic period.

The architecture in Mindanao was greatly influenced by the beliefs and tradition of those who inhabit the island. The different ethnic groups have chosen to maintain their indigenous beliefs and traditions and decided not to be converted to Islam or Christianity, the two religious groups proliferating during that period. Most of the architecture of Mindanao is influenced by their belief system, which is animism. Animism is a belief system that is characterized by worshipping nature. This means that they believed that ancestral spirits dwell in plants and inanimate objects. This belief system of the early Filipinos in Mindanao influenced the architecture as seen in the motifs and other embellishments. Below are some structures that show the unique architectural design and accents of Mindanao.

Torogan

It is the ancestral house for Maranao royalties. This is where the datu dwells along with his wives and children. A long time ago, the people believed that the datu’s house should be the largest within the sultanate because the torogan symbolizes the leader’s power, rank, prestige, and wealth.

Plywood sticks and dried coconut leaves were used to cover the walls of the house, making it look more ancestral with its brownish or neutral tone color. This house is also well-known for its notable designs intricately engraved on the walls regarded as the flowing geometries of the Maranao design system called okir. This can be seen on the exterior of the walls that appears as lines of partitions of the house.

In fact, since it has become the central part of the Maranao’s customs, traditions, arts and culture, it is recognized for the beauty and artistry it holds up to this day.

[photo: a traditional two-storey wooden house on stilts with carved wall panels]

Panolong

It is an ornament of the Maranao’s torogan and a portion which resembles a wing spreading out from the long pieces of heavy, often squared woods. This ornament is characterized by okir carvings.

Considered as the most distinct part of the torogan, it features a serpent design that adorns the front, while the sides use the pako okir or fern pattern.

[photo: a colorfully carved wooden ornament with curling motifs]

Badjao Houses

This is the dwelling place of the so-called Sama-Bajau or the “Sea Gypsies” of the Sulu Sea. Badjao houses are built on stilts two meters above the water surface. This supports fishing and hunting -the main source of livelihood of these nomads or Badjao.

Badjao houses, more often than not, are constructed out of wood drifted by the sea and coming from either demolished or destroyed buildings from the neighboring provinces, islands, and coasts.

The use of drift woods in neutral tone colors from light gray to creamy tan which were properly assembled to serve as the walls adds up to the visual interest that these hold. The woods assembled and used to build the houses created a pattern of parallel lines seen vertically on the walls. The roof was thatched with dried nipa leaves that added texture in the overall look of the houses.

[photo: a row of wooden houses built on stilts over the water]

The Grand Mosque of Cotabato

This Grand Mosque in Cotabato, otherwise known as the Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid, is the largest mosque in the Philippines. Situated near the idle banks of Tamontaka River, this mosque was founded by the Philippine Government and the Sultan of Brunei, for whom the Masjid was named.

Talking about its design, this mosque was decorated with four tall spires or minarets in the major corners of the main chamber. Aside from providing a visual focal point, these minarets are generally considered to call the people to prayer. Covering most of its exterior, a combination of white and gold adds up to its magnificent look. There are also domes which are crowned with crescents that make them look more majestic. The Islamic designs were also fused in its magical appearance which can be found anywhere in the mosque such as walls, doors, and floors.

Since it was funded by the government and the Sultan of Brunei, the mosque is generally similar to the mosques in Middle East which is evident in the designs found interior of the building. The mosque occupies 5000 square meters of land. Its minarets are 141 feet tall and are topped with pilot’s lights to avoid aerial accidents at night.

[photo: a white and gold mosque with tall minarets and golden domes]

Fort Pilar of Zamboanga

Fort Pilar is a 17th century military defense fortress built by the Spanish colonial government in Zamboanga City. The fort has also become a landmark of Zamboanga. This historical fort is also called Real Fuerza de Nuestro Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza, and was built in 1635 by a Jesuit priest, Fr. Melchor de Vera. It remains sturdy up to this day, and holds a great cultural significance as part of the city’s historical heritage.

This fort exudes stability from its bastion walls to it shrine. The walls were built with the use of sturdy rocks with dark color palette which signifies the stability and historical value. Whereas the outdoor church that attracts tourists was built with finest red bricks which breaks the dark color tone of the bastion walls, laying more emphasis on the shrine due to its longevity and structural integrity. The arch that becomes one of the highlights of the shrine etched on the walls was accented with flowing natural shapes and a radial pattern which resembles the rays of the sun.

[photo: a stone fort façade with a decorated arch, flanked by red flowers]

Monastery of the Transfiguration of Bukidnon

The Monastery of Transfiguration is a pyramid-like structure that was designed by the National Artist for Architecture, Leandro Locsin. This is located atop of the hill of Malaybalay, Bukidnon. This monastery was founded by Fr. Abbot Eduardo Africa.

The monastery may appear as a typical building surrounded by trees from afar. However, its characteristic pyramid structure sets this monastery apart from the other buildings. The walls are made of glass and adorned slanting columns surrounding the entire building which also serves as a buttress that holds the monastery together. The architecture creates a light and airy space inside the monastery that is conducive for worship.

[photo: a pyramid-shaped building with glass walls and slanting columns]

Santo Rosario Church of Camiguin

Santo Rosario Church is situated at the town of Sagay in Camiguin Island. A notable information about this church is that coral stones were used to build it in 1882. Since the infrastructure was weak, they had it retrofitted or installed with steel bars using modern construction techniques. Apart from the fact that it was originally built using coral stones, you can also find driftwood chandeliers and altar inside. The materials used to build this church were local materials, particularly woven bamboo skin, emphasized the local traditions of the native people.

The church may have been weathered through time, but it has still retained its beautiful form. The base of the church was built with coral stones, which provides valuable historical information about the construction materials used a hundred years ago. The upper portion of the building highlights the steel bars which were added after it had been retrofitted. Exploring the interior portion, you can behold the driftwoods hanging as chandeliers, an altar made of sawali and brick, bamboo used as posts, and many other wood and stone native elements.

[photo: a stone church with a bell tower and a steel-framed upper section, surrounded by greenery]

METAL CRAFTS OF MINDANAO

The metal crafts of Mindanao are not limited to the intricate metal teapot designs. Other ethnolinguistic groups, such as the T’boli of South Cotabato, are also known for their artistic skills in brass casting. Most of the art works took inspiration from the historical circumstances present in their locality during that time.

Like the T’boli, the Maranao also boasts artistic works that do not just emulate the rich culture of the people living around Lake Lanao, but also prove how their beliefs and traditions are fused with spirituality and artistry.

Take some time to go over each of the significant works of Maranao, their metal crafts:

[illustration: brass armor with carabao horn and interlocking ringlets]

Rarub-A-Klong is an armor made of brass plates with carabao horn and interlocking ringlets. This work of art served as a protective armor of Moro warriors which is the counterpart of the vest used by Spanish soldiers.

[illustration: metal teapot or kettle with lid]

Kendi is an heirloom metal teapot or kettle with inlay used for hot water, coffee, or tea.

[illustration: decorative metal container with lid and handles]

Gador is decorative metal container used as a flower vase of center piece in Maranao homes. It is usually made of brass or aluminum with geometric or organic designs (i.e. flowers, petals, ferns, etc.). This artform also became an everyday object or functional art form.

FUNCTIONAL ART FORMS

[illustration: sword with scabbard against a dotted background]

Mindanao has very distinctive works of art that represent the rich culture and history of the places where these pieces were made. From captivating architecture, artistic metal crafts, beautifully woven fabric, intricate wood carvings, to decorative metalwork, pre-colonial Filipinos just proved that their artistry and craftsmanship are exceptionally notable and deserving of the acclaim they have received. Aside from being cultural exemplars, these functional pieces are also used as everyday objects by the people of Mindanao use.

Maitum Jar

It is an earthen vessel used for secondary burial from Sarangani province and was discovered in Ayub Cave, Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani in 1991. A secondary burial is characterized by the intensive use of ossuaries, ceramic, pottery, or stone receptacles for depositing disarticulated bones of the dead during pre-colonial years. This jar was believed to be artistically significant not only because it mirrors the love of arts the early Filipinos had in the past, but also because it holds fundamental concepts with historical and anthropological importance.

What makes the maitum jar interesting is the fact that all of the jars found in the cave resemble human figures showing a variety of facial expressions such as sadness, contentment, and joy. Maitum jar differs from the other jars found around the archipelago for it has a lid that resembles a human head with ears. This jar also includes the arms, navel, nipples, and genitalia as part of its design. However, it should be noted that these artifacts are not created for indecent exposure nor were they made to stimulate any lascivious acts. The jars were designed using such details because they strived to thoroughly portray the appearances of the bodies placed inside using facial expressions, other body parts, earrings, tattoos, and ornaments.

Kampilan

The Kampilan is a single-edged long sword that Mindanao fighters used and is the weapon of choice by Maranao warriors. The Maranao kampilan is characterized by a hand-carved ivory hilt or handle that resembles the head of a naga or serpent. It also has a round ornament that represents the eye of a snake. Human or animal hair are also used to adorn the hilt. Other ethnic groups use crocodile head for the hilt.

Batige

[illustration: wooden top with white dots of inlay]

Batige is awooden top inlaid with mother of pearl or silver. Both young and adult males played this outdoors for recreation. Those made of softwood are used for leisure while the hardwood variety are used for competitions.

Balangay

[illustration: two-masted wooden boat with sails on a river]

The balangay of Butuan, is a large wooden boat used by pre- colonial Filipinos to traverse the seas for trade and migration. It is also known as the oldest Pre-Hispanic watercraft found in the Philippines. Apart from trade and migration, it was also used for cargo, and raiding purposes which only proved that Butuan had a central role to play in the trade industry.

From somewhere between 320-1250 CE, balangay boats were discovered in Butuan City that date back to the to1th to 13th century. These watercrafts could hold 60 to 90 people and were estimated to measure fifteen meters (15 m) long and three to four meters (3-4 m) wide. They were propelled by a sail of buri or nipa fiber or padding, which were the local materials used during that time.

The most interesting part about this finely built boat is the fact that it achieves functionality that only comes with a well-developed design.

Vinta

[illustration: colorful sailboat with striped and geometric-patterned sails]

The vinta is a sailboat introduced by the Badjao people who live in Sulu archipelago. It is characterized by a colorful sail with geometric patterns called vinta. This iconic boat of Sulu archipelago and Zamboanga Peninsula has become one of the attractions in the community. Unlike the other traditional watercrafts in Mindanao, this boat is small and not meant to be used for long ocean travel. This is mainly used for livelihood activities like fishing, diving for pearls, and transportation around the archipelago. Other ethnic groups also use the Vinta such as Tausug and Yakan.

Well done! Look at how far you have come on this journey! So far, you have acquired all the important concepts about the arts and crafts of Mindanao. You also became acquainted with each artistic artifact and its characteristics. At this point, let us enrich your learning experience through the succeeding activities that we hope you will enjoy

ACTIVITY 2 – It’s Filling In Time!

Directions: Fill in the chart below with the appropriate information based on the previous section of this module. You may also derive suppositions and observations from the pictures that were shown along with the definition of each work. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

Architecture / Metal Crafts / Functional Art Form	Locality	Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Wow! You are on the right track in this expedition! Now, let us analyze your work by answering the following questions:

1. Were you able to observe the details and characteristics of the arts and crafts of Mindanao, particularly the architecture, meta crafts, and functional art forms? What are the distinguishing characteristics of works you saw in this module?
2. Is there a work of art from Mindanao, based on the concepts you went over earlier, that is similar to an art or craft from your community? If yes, what artwork in your community is similar to Mindanao’s artistic works? What are their similarities?

What’s More

You’ve gone so far in this journey of artistic exploration and discovery. It is good to think that after taking part in the previous activities and dealing with the concepts, you can now apply what you learned by accomplishing the succeeding activities to enrich your learning experience!

Activity 3.1 –Seal the Sail!

Can you help the nomads “seal the sail” by filling in the sails of the boat with the needed information? Each fabric of the sail is labeled with three things that are needed before they can travel.

Directions: Draw a boat that looks like what is illustrated below. On the first sail on the left side, you have to write what makes balangay uniquely different from the vinta. On the third sail on the right side, you must do the same for the vinta. Then, on the sail at the center, you have to write the similarities of the two boats. Write the answers in your activity notebook.

[chart: illustrated sailboat diagram; Activity 3.1 – Seal the Sail! (no number printed)]

• Flag on left mast: Balangay
• Flag on right mast: Vinta
• Left sail: Differences
• Center sail: Similarities
• Right sail: Differences

That was awesome! Thanks for helping the nomad who just wanted to traverse the sea! We hope that you were able to learn something from this activity and realize the similarities and unique characteristics of functional art forms like balangay and vinta are in the lives of the ethnic groups.

Before you proceed with the succeeding parts of this module, kindly answer the following questions based on the previous activity:

1. What is the distinguishing characteristic of a balangay? What is the distinguishing characteristic of the vinta?
2. How does balangay differ from vinta? What are their similarities? Why do you think they have these similarities?
3. Do you know, by any chance, an everyday object or functional art form in your community which is similar to that of a balangay or vinta? If yes, what is it? Why do you say they are similar? How do people in your community use and preserve traditional, creative everyday objects?

ACTIVITY 3.2 – Jarring Experience

In the previous sections of this module, you were able to discover the beauty of functional arts and crafts. These decorative objects are embedded in the daily routine of the people. At this point, let us take continue to enrich your learning about the arts and crafts of Mindanao by accomplishing this activity.

Directions: Compare and contrast Manunggul Jar (burial jar) of Palawan, Maitum Jar (burial jar) of Mindanao, and a modern burial jar inspired by western culture. Fill in the Venn diagram with correct information regarding the similarities and differences between and among the three jars. Do this in your activity notebook.

[illustration: Manunggul burial jar with figures on the lid] Manunggul Burial Jar

[illustration: Maitum burial jar with human-like form and ears] Maitum Burial Jar

[illustration: modern burial jar with a lid and vertical striations] Modern Burial Jar

[chart: Venn diagram of three overlapping circles; no number or title printed]

• Top circle: Modern Burial Jar (Differences)
• Bottom-left circle: Manunggul Burial Jar (Differences)
• Bottom-right circle: Maitum Burial Jar (Differences)
• Overlap of top and bottom-left: (Similarities)
• Overlap of top and bottom-right: (Similarities)
• Overlap of bottom-left and bottom-right: (Similarities)
• Center overlap of all three: (Similarities)

Values are not labeled on the chart.

You did it! It seems that you have learned so much from the previous discussions because you were able to accomplish this Venn diagram. Keep up the good work. Your dedication to learn and explore is terrific. There are upcoming activities which need that kind of dedication. For now, let us contemplate on what you just did by answering these questions:

1. What makes the modern burial jar different from the manunggul jar and maitum jar?
2. What similarities do manunggul and maitum burial jar share?
3. Which among the three burial jars have left deep lasting marks on the Philippine society? Why do you think so? Which among them is less evident? Explain.

What I Have Learned

Go ahead and pat yourself on the back! I am pretty sure that after your learning journey, you now have a better appreciation and understanding of the traditional arts and crafts of Mindanao. For the record, take this Pledge of Learning as an affirmation of what you learned from this module.

ACTIVITY 4 –Pledge of Learning

Directions: Fill in this oath of learning below with some key concepts that you learned from this module.

PLEDGE OF LEARNING

I am _____ (State you name) and I learned that

---

---

---

_____. With this I hope that whatever I learned about this lesson will be remembered and appropriately used in future experiences and endeavors. So help me God.

Assessment

Keeping track of the progress you made in accomplishing the activities in the previous sections of this module is significant in determining the attainment of this module’s objectives. This time, let us check the learning treasures you found in this journey.

Post-Test: Learning Monitor!

Directions: Read each statement carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

1. Which structure is also known as the Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid?

   • A. Grand Mosque
   • B. Panolong
   • C. Sama-Bajau
   • D. Torogan

2. Who introduced and popularized the making of colorful sails called vinta?

   • A. Badjao
   • B. Maranao
   • C. Tausug
   • D. T’boli

3. What is the main reason why there could NOT be any house larger than the datu’s torogan within the sultanate?

   • A. It is the datu’s ancestral house.
   • B. It signifies the leader’s rank, prestige, and wealth.
   • C. It is made of materials which only the datu can avail.
   • D. It represents all the members of the upperclass Maranao.

4. Where do the T’boli people get their inspiration for their designs and patterns?

   • A. the wildlife in their local area
   • B. the geographical location of Mindanao
   • C. the traditions of the other ethnic groups
   • D. the weather and climate in their community

5. Which among the following does NOT describe the Maitum Jar from Sarangani province?

   • A. It was discovered in Ayub Cave in 1991.
   • B. It is an earthen vessel used for secondary burial.
   • C. It is a large handcarved jar inlaid with mother of pearl.
   • D. It was the only intact burial jar that features a specific head with different facial expressions.

6. Which of the following is a wing-like ornament of a torogan that features okir carvings?

   • A. Batige
   • B. Gador
   • C. Kampilan
   • D. Panolong

7. Which of the following does NOT describe the Santo Rosario Church of Camiguin?

   • A. This church was modified with steel bars.
   • B. It is located on top of a hill in Malaybalay, Bukidnon.
   • C. This great architecture of Mindanao was built in 1882.
   • D. This was made of local materials, such as woven bamboo skin.

8. What serves as evidence that Butuan played a central role in trade between 320-1250 CE?

   • A. The use of boats for long ocean travel
   • B. The use of vinta for livelihood activities
   • C. The use of vinta to attract more tourists
   • D. The use of balangay for cargo and raiding purposes

9. Which one is a Mindanao boat that was finely built without the use of blueprint?

   • A. Balangay
   • B. Kampilan
   • C. Panolong
   • D. Vinta

10. What are the characteristics that make Balangay different from Vinta?

    • I. It is used for raiding purposes.
    • II. It is built for rough water or long journeys.
    • III. It is used for short-distance transportation.
    • IV. It consists of several colors and geometric shapes.
    • A. I and II
    • B. I and III
    • C. I and IV
    • D. I only

11. Which of the following is a metallic armor made of brass plates, carabao horn, and interlocking ringlets?

    • A. Gador
    • B. Kampilan
    • C. Kendi
    • D. Rarub-A-Klong

12. Which is otherwise known as the Butuan Boat, the oldest Pre-Hispanic watercraft in the Philippines?

    • A. Balangay
    • B. Kampilan
    • C. Panolong
    • D. Vinta

13. Which among the following is a decorative Maranao container usually used as an interior centerpiece?

    • A. Gador
    • B. Kampilan
    • C. Kendi
    • D. Rarub-A-Klong

14. What is the main reason for building Fort Pilar in 1635?

    • A. to attract tourists
    • B. to promote culture preservation
    • C. to encourage equality and justice
    • D. to protect the people from pirates

15. Which of the following does NOT describe balangay?

    • A. It was not meant for long ocean travel.
    • B. It was used for cargo and raiding purposes.
    • C. It was propelled by a sail made of buri or nipa fiber.
    • D. It was large wooden boat used by the pre-colonial Filipinos

What I Can Do

Mindanao is home to a number of very distinctive art works that mirror its rich culture and history. Pre-colonial Filipinos have proven that their artistry is infused with their love of for their unique culture and traditions. Due to their fine craftsmanship, some traditional designs, processes, and pieces are still used up to this day. These functional arts are essentially a part of the Mindanao people’s daily life.

Do the following activities to show what you can do to raise awareness and develop appreciation for these artistic objects.

ACTIVITY 4.1 Oath to Culture-Care

Directions: You’ve gone this far, my travel companion! In the previous activities, you have been to a maze, took a museum trip, and were able to surmount some puzzling tasks. You even sorted out some museum artifacts just right before the opening time. At this point, take a few moments to contemplate on what you can do to show appreciation and advocacy for the preservation of these artifacts by writing your Oath to Culture – Care on your activity notebook. You may write your oath by presenting a list of what you can do as a student to raise awareness and advocate for preservation. Your Oath may contain the practical decisions or practical applications of what you learned previously.

[illustration: blank scroll for writing the oath]

That was great! I know from the start that you will come up with that desire to promote and help preserve our cultural artifacts. This time, try to create your own design of the iconic Vinta to celebrate the colorful culture and history of the people in Mindanao.

ACTIVITY 4.2 Your Creativity Floats!

The Local Government organizes a local celebration of the National Arts Month every year, which highlights the famous arts and crafts from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. There is also a parade where different institutions and organizations are required to participate, including your school. For the parade, your school is assigned to create a float (karosa) inspired by Mindanao’s famous arts and craft. As a special task for you, you are to submit to the teacher in charge of the float preparation a pattern design that will be used as a border design of the school float (karosa) about Philippine arts and crafts. I know you can use the ideas learned in this module in coming up with a Mindanao inspired pattern to help your school.

Directions: Draw your pattern design in the box below. This pattern should showcase the elements, motifs, and inspirations of the arts and crafts of Mindanao which you have just learned. In the space below the box, provide a title and explain the concept and meaning of your pattern design.

Materials:

color pencils/crayons/oil pastels/markers short bond paper

Note: You may also use digital art

The activity will be evaluated through the use of this rubric:

Criteria	Very Good 3 points	Good 2 points	Needs Improvement 1 point
1. Concept	The concept successfully explains the title and meaning of the design based on what was learned in this module.	The concept attempts to relate the concepts learned in this module with the title and meaning of the design.	The concept does not offer a good explanation of the design concept and inspiration.
2. Design	The design captures any of the art forms of Mindanao which were highlighted and discussed.	The design somewhat captures but not entirely any of the art forms of Mindanao which were highlighted and discussed	The design does not capture any of the art forms of Mindanao at all.
3. Creativity/ Originality	The artwork contains original ideas and design interpretation. It does not look like the work of others.	The artwork contains original ideas and design interpretation, but looks like a common design.	The artwork lacks originality, with no unique elements in the design.

[transcriber’s note: table continued from the previous page]

Criteria	Very Good 3 points	Good 2 points	Needs Improvement 1 point
4. Application of art concepts	The design shows a conscious and effective application of the art elements and principles.	The design makes use of elements and principles but does not show evidence of careful planning.	The design does not indicate any conscious effort to use the art elements and principles effectively.
5. Craftsmanship	The artwork is beautifully and skillfully done with clear attention to detail.	The artwork shows good craftsmanship with some attention to details.	The artwork shows poor craftsmanship with very little details.,
TOTAL = 15 points

Design Title:

Concept (Explain your design idea/s and inspirations in relation to the title and actual pattern design):

Pattern Design

[illustration: empty framed box for drawing the pattern design]

You are doing a great job as far as this journey is concerned. We can tell that you are well traveled as you surpassed all the required tasks in each section of this module.

[transcriber’s note: this page is printed upside down (rotated 180 degrees); the text below is transcribed in reading order after rotating the page]

Answer Key

[illustration: key icon]

WHAT’S NEW

Activity 1.2

1. Grand Mosque
2. Maitum Jar
3. Balangay
4. Bukidnon Monastery
5. Okir
6. Torogan

What I Know (Pre-Test)

1. D
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. A

Assessment (Post Test)

1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. A
10. A
11. D
12. A
13. A
14. D
15. A

References

Ida Damo. “The Grand Mosque of the Phiippines”. Choose Philippines, June 18, 2013. https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.choosephilippines.com/amp/do/history-and- culture/278/the-grand-mosque-of-the-philippines

Jhaypee Guia. “Fort Pilar: A Witness to the Heroism of Zamboangueños”. Vigattintourism. July 25, 2012. https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Fort- Pilar-A-Witness-to-the-Heroism-of-Zamboangueos

Joey Jacobson. “5 Architectural Secrets of the Badjao: 21^st Century Sea People”. 2015. https://www.archdaily.com/638523/5-architectural-secrets-of-the-badjao-21st- century-sea-people

Lourdes R. Siobal, et. al., Music and Arts Grade 7 Learner’s Material. FEP Printing Corporation, 2017, 238-235.

“Torogan: The Maranao Royal Houses of Lanao”. Travel Trilogy. August 09, 2019. http://www.traveltrilogy.com/2019/08/torogan-traditional-maranao-royal-house.html

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph