Science 7 Quarter 2 Module 7: Biotic and Abiotic Components of an Ecosystem

Science Quarter 2 – Module 7: Biotic and Abiotic Components of an Ecosystem

CO_Q2_Science 7_ Module 7

[illustration: students and a teacher with a globe, a lamp, a tree, and a student writing on a paper]

Science – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 7: Biotic and Abiotic Components of an Ecosystem First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Role	Name(s)
Writers:	Ma. Sheila S. Manila
Editors:	Cynthia S. Bustillo, Miraflor O. Albios, Lenie G. Forro, Leoncio Tan
Reviewers:	Agabai S. Kabdalayang, Yusof A. Aliudin, Mary Joy D. Bautista, Mary Anne A. Barrientos, Marivic D. Devibar
Layout Artist:	Jaypee K. Balera, Erickson D. Bello, Glen D. Napoles, Mark Daryl T. Lazaro, Alex C. Macale, Kryss Mayven L. Fabrero, Sammie Per S. Montero, Jay Ar O. Espartero, Jerome B. Reynes
Management Team:	Allan G. Farnazo Gilbert B. Barrera Peter Van C. Ang-ug Juvy B. Nitura Isagani S. Dela Cruz Arturo D. Tingson, Jr. Elpidio B. Daquipil Lenie G. Forro

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

Environment is a collection of living and nonliving things. Mosses growing on rocks, garden snails gliding on fences, and fish swimming in bodies of water are just few examples of how living and nonliving things interact. The living components of the environment are called organisms. The nonliving components make up the physical environment of these organisms. In this lesson, you will discover more about ecosystems, the components that make them up, and the interactions that take place among and between them.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Demonstrate an understanding of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment; and the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. define abiotic and biotic components of ecosystem;
2. identify abiotic and biotic components of ecosystem; and
3. cite the importance of abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem.

What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each question. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. Which of the following refers to the living parts of the environment such as humans, animals, and plants?

• A. Biosphere
• B. Ecosystem
• C. Biotic factors
• D. Abiotic factors

2. Which of the following examples are completely non-living things?

• A. Air, chair, chicken
• B. Duck, cat, frog, tree, wood
• C. Oxygen, rock, sunlight, water
• D. Dog, dinosaur, leaves, temperature

For items 3 and 4, choose your answer from the given choices inside the box.

Choices
I. snail, algae, and plants II. fish, crabs, bird, and snake III. sunlight, soil, temperature and oxygen IV. rocks, temperature, sunlight, air, and water

3. From the items in the box, which factors are purely abiotic?

• A. I and II only
• B. II and III only
• C. I, only III only
• D. III and IV only

4. Which statement is NOT true about the choices in the box?

• A. I and II contain biotic factors
• B. II and III include all abiotic factors
• C. III and IV comprise abiotic factors
• D. I and IV contains biotic and abiotic factors

5. Which of the following circumstances will NOT illustrates an ecosystem?

• A. An empty aquarium
• B. A growing flower in a pot
• C. Mountains surrounded by trees
• D. Large bodies of oceans and lakes

6. In which place do biotic and abiotic factors interact?

• A. Ecosystem
• B. House
• C. Niche
• D. Shelter

7. The following are considered biotic factors EXCEPT

• A. Butterfly
• B. Panda
• C. Sunlight
• D. Turtle

8. Which of the following is another term that refers to nonliving things?

• A. Biotic factor
• B. Abiotic factor
• C. Limiting factor
• D. Carrying capacity

9. How will you classify certain factors such as temperature, light, air, and soil?

• A. Abiotic
• B. Biotic
• C. Living
• D. Static

10. Which of the following choices below are abiotic factors?

• A. Crabs, fish, and oxygen
• B. Oxygen, soil, and sunlight
• C. Algae, dog, and temperature
• D. Mushroom, sunlight, and temperature

11. Which of the following statements is true?

• A. All living things are biotic factors.
• B. Most living things are abiotic factors.
• C. Some non-living things are biotic factors.
• D. Living things can either be biotic or abiotic.

12. All of the items below are abiotic EXCEPT

• A. Grass
• B. Soil
• C. Sun
• D. Temperature

13. One of the following statements describes biotic factors correctly. Which set of factors is it?

• A. Living things in an environment
• B. Nonliving thing in an organism’s environment
• C. Living and non-living things found in an ecosystem
• D. Solid materials such as rock and soil in an organism’s environment

For items 14 and 15; Study the illustration

[chart: diagram; labeled boxes “SUN” (top), “PLANTS” (bottom left), and “ANIMALS” (bottom right). Arrows point from SUN down to PLANTS and down to ANIMALS. Between PLANTS and ANIMALS, one arrow points left and one arrow points right.]

14. Based on the given figure, which of the following statements narrate the role of plants correctly?

• A. Plants give off energy for the sun.
• B. Plants release gas for the animals and sun.
• C. Plants provide food and energy for the sun and animals.
• D. Plants get energy from the sun and release oxygen needed by animals.

15. In the above illustration, what do you think will happen to plants and animals if the sun is NOT present?

Statement
I. The plants will die and it will cause lack of oxygen in our environment.
II. The plants and animals will die because the plants have no source of energy in making their food that serve as food for the animals too.
III. The plants will die but the animals will continue to live because the animals and plants are not dependent on each other.

• A. I & II only
• B. I, II and III
• C. II & III only
• D. II & III only

Lesson 1: Biotic and Abiotic Components of Ecosystem

What’s In

In your previous lessons, you have been introduced to the concept of levels of organization in organisms, plant and animal cells, and reproduction. This lesson will introduce you to the habitat of organisms and components of an ecosystem.

Part I: Study the pictures below. Identify the place/area where each of the organisms in column A can survive. Place the letter/s corresponding to your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Choose all possible answers.

Activity 1: Fit me In!

A	B
1.____ [photo: mushrooms growing on a log]	A [photo: a large tree on a hillside]
2.____ [photo: polar bear with two cubs on snowy ground]	B [photo: trees and ground at the edge of a body of water]
3.____ [photo: crab on a rock]	C [photo: fallen tree trunk in a forest]
4.____ [photo: monkeys with young]	D [photo: snow-covered mountains]

Q1. What is the place where living organisms live and survive called?

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Q2. Why do different animals live in different places?

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Part II. Study the picture below.

Activity 2: What makes me grow?

[photo: a young potted plant with several leaves, in front of a wire fence]

Q1. What do you think are the non living things needed by this plant in order to grow?

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Q2. What conditions are needed by the plant to grow healthy?

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Q3. Are plants considered living organisms? Why?

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What’s New

Activity 3: Observing Living and Non-living things in a Quadrant

Materials:

• Ball pen/ pencil
• Paper
• Illustration

Procedures:

1. Study the illustration below.

The illustration below represents a quadrant in a garden and the living and nonliving things in it.

[illustration: quadrant with stars, red and green triangles, and blue circles on a gray soil background]

Legend: paragrass Bug Ant Earthworm

[transcriber’s note: the legend symbols are a star for paragrass, a red triangle for Bug, a green triangle for Ant, and a blue circle for Earthworm]

Color of soil ( Brown color) [illustration: gray rectangle]

2. Use the given illustration as your guide to complete the table and answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

   
   

3. List down/ identify living organisms found in an illustration. Make a table similar to one given below in a separate sheet of paper.

   
   

Organism	Number of Population
1
2
3
4

4. Based on your table, answer the following questions;

Q1. What living organisms found in the illustration?

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Q2. What organism has the most number?

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Q3. What organism has the least number?

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5. Observe the soil within the quadrant.

Q4. How will you describe the color of the soil?

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Q5. Does the color and type of soil in a quadrant affect the number of plants and animals/insects living in that area?

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Q6. What nonliving things affect the number of organisms living in a certain place?

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What Is It

Ecosystems are made up of living things (biotic components) and non-living things (abiotic components). An Ecosystem may contain many habitats where organisms obtain their foods, water, shelter and other things in order to live, grow, and reproduce.

Biotic components are the living parts of an ecosystem. The term “biotic” is formed by the combination of two terms, “bio” meaning life and “ic” meaning like. The term means life like and is related to all the living entities present in an ecosystem.

The presence of Biotic Components and their biological by products affect the composition of an ecosystem. Biotic resources include all living organisms from animals and humans, to plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Biotic factors comprising the ecosystem include:

1. Humans
2. Animals (Dogs, Cats, Lions, Monkeys, Bears, etc.)
3. Insects (Flies, Mosquitoes, Bugs, Ants, etc.)
4. Birds
5. Plants (Trees, Flowers, and Grasses)
6. Worms
7. Bacteria and Viruses

The interactions between various biotic factors are necessary for the survival and reproduction of each species.

Abiotic Components are the non- living parts of an ecosystem. The term abiotic refers to the non-living entities in the ecosystem. Sunlight, water, land, temperature- all constitutes the abiotic factors.

Other abiotic factors comprising the ecosystem include:

1. Climate
2. Humidity
3. Precipitation
4. Wind
5. Altitude
6. Type of soil
7. Light
8. Water
9. Oxygen / Carbon dioxide

Abiotic factors are the non-living, physical and chemical factors that influence an ecosystem.

What’s More

Try to enhance your knowledge on the interdependence among biotic and abiotic components within an ecosystem. Complete the table below by giving three examples of abiotic and three biotic components for each ecosystem. Answer the questions that follow.

Place your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 4: Break it down!

Ecosystem	Abiotic components	Biotic Components
FOREST
OCEAN
RIVER
FISH POND
VEGETABLE GARDEN

[transcriber’s note: the Ecosystem cells are merged vertically in the original; each name is shown once in its first row]

Q1. Are the living things found in one ecosystem the same with what you found in other ecosystems? Cite an example.

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Q2. What can be found in an ecosystem?

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Q3. Can you consider a flower pot as an ecosystem? Why?

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What I Have Learned

Directions: Below are metacognition starters which you will copy and complete on a separate sheet of paper. You can use the words in the box. Items 2-4 need some explanation to show what you learned from your lessons.

ABIOTIC COMPONENT | BIOTIC COMPONENT | ECOSYSTEM | HABITAT

1. I choose the word _____
2. This word refers to _____
3. It is different from _____ because _____
   4 In addition, I learned that _____
4. Finally, the most important learning for me is about _____

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Collage-making Activity

Materials:

• Used Newspapers/ Magazine
• Scissors
• Glue/Paste
• Manila paper / old Calendar

Procedures:

1. Cut out pictures of biotic and abiotic components from newspapers or magazines.
2. Make a collage of an ecosystem out of the cut pictures.
3. Cover using a clear transparent plastic to preserve your output.

Q1. Is it important to reuse, reduce, and recycle?

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Q2. Which of the 3R’s have you applied in this activity?

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Rubric Scoring for Collage

Criteria	5	3	1	Score
Organization	Are arranged in a planned manner	Are partly arranged in an organized way	Are partly arrange in unorganized way
Selected Photos/imag es	Uses recycled clear images	Uses recycled and unclear images	Uses not recycled and unclear images
Relevance	Has suitable relevance to the topic	Has limited relevance to the topic	Has a slight relevance to the topic
Content	Shows very good ideas	Shows good ideas	Shows very limited ideas

Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each question. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. What do you call the living organisms that inhabit an environment?

   
   

   A. Survivors
   B. Community
   C. Biotic factors
   D. Abiotic factors

   
   

2. Which of the following choices are abiotic factors?

   
   

   A. Crabs, fish, and oxygen
   B. Oxygen, soil, and sunlight,
   C. Algae, dog, and temperature,
   D. Mushroom, sunlight, and temperature

   
   

3. Which of the following statements is true?

   
   

   A. All living things are biotic factors
   B. Most living things are abiotic factors
   C. Some non living things are biotic factors
   D. Living things can either be biotic or abiotic

   
   

4. All of the items below are abiotic EXCEPT

   
   

   A. Grasses
   B. Soil
   C. Sun
   D. Temperature

   
   

For items 5 and 6 choose your answer from the given choices inside the box.

I. frog, algae, and plants II. horse, crabs, bird, and snake III. sunlight, water, temperature and oxygen IV. mushroom, temperature, sunlight, air, and dog

5. From the items in the box, which factors are purely biotic?

   
   

   A. I and II only
   D. I, II, III and IV
   B. I, II and III only
   C. II, III and IV only

   
   

6. Which statement is true about the choices in the box?

   
   

   A. I, II and II contain abiotic factors
   B. I, II and III include biotic factors
   C. I, II and III include biotic factors
   D. I, II, III, and IV contains biotic and abiotic factors

   
   

7. Which of the following conditions is NOT an ecosystem?

   
   

   A. An empty aquarium
   B. A growing flower in a pot
   C. Mountains surrounded by trees
   D. Large bodies of oceans and lakes

   
   

8. Outdoor plants need water and sunlight in order to grow. Which statements will distinguish plants from water and sunlight correctly?

   
   

I. Sunlight, water, and plants are all components of an ecosystem. II. Plants are biotic components however water and sunlight are both abiotic components of an ecosystem. III. Water and sunlight are both biotic and abiotic while plants are biotic components of an ecosystem.

A. I & II only B. II & III only C. I & III only D. I, II, and III

9. What do you call the living parts of the environment, such as humans, animals, and plants?

   
   

   A. Biosphere
   B. Ecosystem
   C. Biotic factors
   D. Abiotic factors

   
   

10. In which place do biotic and abiotic factors interact?

    
    

    A. Ecosystem
    B. House
    C. Niche
    D. Shelter

    
    

11. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?

    
    

    A. Bugs
    B. Ferns
    C. Minerals
    D. Zebra

    
    

12. Which of the following is another term for non living things?

    
    

    A. Biotic factor
    B. Abiotic factor
    C. Limiting factor
    D. Carrying capacity

    
    

13. How will you classify the factors such as sunlight, oxygen, air, and rocks?

    
    

    A. Abiotic
    B. Alive
    C. Biotic
    D. Living

    
    

For items 14 and 15; Study the illustration

[chart: flowchart; illustration for items 14 and 15]

SUN PLANTS ANIMALS

[transcriber’s note: arrows run from SUN to PLANTS and from SUN to ANIMALS; a two-way arrow connects PLANTS and ANIMALS]

14. Which of the following statements narrate the role of the plants CORRECTLY?

    
    

    A. Plants give off energy for the sun.
    B. Plants release gas for the animals and sun.
    C. Plants provide food and energy for the sun and animals.
    D. Plants get energy from the sun and release oxygen needed by animals.

    
    

15. Which of the following statements are NOT true?

    
    

I. The plants and animals can still survive without the presence of sun. II. The plants will die without the presence of sun because the plants have no source of energy in making their food. III. The plants will grow without the presence of sun but the animals will continue to live because the two are not dependent to each other.

A. I, and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III only

Additional Activities

Activity 6: What does it mean to be Alive?

Materials Needed:

• Pencil/ Ball pen
• Ruler
• Long Bond paper
• Crayons/colors

Procedures:

1. Visit a garden near your house. Draw in a bond paper the things found in the garden. You can add color on your drawings for a better result (Optional).
2. Answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper.

Q1. What are the things found in the garden?

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Q2. Which of these are living things? Which of these are non-living?

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Q3. Observe the things that you identified as living. What do they have in common?

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Q4. Observe the things that you identified as non-living. What do they have in common?

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Q5. Do you think that living and non-living things depend on each other in order to survive? Why do you think so?

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Q6. What makes living things different from non-living?

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Rubric Scoring for Drawing

Criteria	5	3	1	Score
Application	All concepts expressed in the illustration.	Expressed some concepts in the illustration.	There is minimal expression of concepts in the illustration.
Creativity	Very Creative	Shows creativity	Lack of creativity

Lesson 2: The Difference Between Biotic and Abiotic Components of Ecosystem

What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each question. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. A plant needs water, radiant energy, minerals, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in order to live. How are these requirements needed by plants categorized?

   
   

   A. Abiotic
   B. Biotic
   C. Climate
   D. Minerals

   
   

2. Which of the following represents an abiotic component of the environment?

   
   

   A. Flowing lava
   B. Cat nursing its young
   C. Sprouting mongo seeds
   D. Growing grasses on mountain

   
   

3. Which of the following are needed in setting up an aquarium as a mini-ecosystem?

   
   

   A. A number of fish and water only
   B. Population of fish, snails, and plants only
   C. Combinations of water, sand, soil and light
   D. Communities of different species of organisms, water, soil, and sunlight

   
   

4. Which of the following characteristics regarding biotic factors is true?

   
   

   A. It stands and rolls down.
   B. It lays down flat and hanging.
   C. It grows, reproduces and dies.
   D. It does nothing to its environment.

   
   

5. Which of the following organisms are biotic factors capable of making their own food?

   
   

   A. Zebra
   B. Python
   C. Mahogany
   D. Monkey-eating eagle

   
   

6. There are physical and chemical substances in the ecosystem. Which of the following refers to the nonliving things found in it?

   
   

   A. Abiotic
   B. Biology
   C. Biotic
   D. Ecology

   
   

7. How will you describe biotic factors?

   
   

   A. Living things in an environment.
   B. Non-living thing in an organism’s environment.
   C. Living and nonliving things found in an ecosystem.
   D. Solid materials such as rock and soil in an organism’s environment.

   
   

8. Which of the following choices illustrates purely abiotic factors inhabit ecosystem and sustain the needs of other living things?

   
   

   A. Snail, algae, and plants
   B. Fish, crabs, oxygen and minerals
   C. Sunlight, soil, temperature and oxygen
   D. Algae, temperature, sunlight, air, and dog

   
   

9. Your aquarium contains greater number of fish and few hydrilla plants. You feed the fish regularly but after few days you noticed that an increased number of fish died. Which of the following most likely caused this?

   
   

   A. More food intake by the fish
   B. Less energy is absorb from the environment
   C. Lack of food and water for the fish to survive
   D. Shortage of oxygen as life support for the fish to live

   
   

10. The distribution of the different types of organisms in an ecosystem is affected by environmental changes. Verify which of these factors inside the box likely affect the distribution of oxygen?

    
    

• I. Amount of sunlight

  
  

• II. Amount of precipitation

  
  

• III. Availability of nutrients from soil

  
  

• IV. Number of different kinds of plants

  
  

• A. I & II only

  
  

• B. I, II & III only

  
  

• C. II, III, & IV only

  
  

• D. I, II, III, & IV

  
  

What’s In

Earth is a distinct place where humans and other living organisms survive due to the diversity and interactions with varied life forms. Knowing the differences among the components of the ecosystem will help us determine what we contribute to sustain its stability, manage and control limiting factors, and mitigate adverse impacts of imbalances in the environment.

Identify the following as biotic component or abiotic component. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Table 1

Thing	Biotic or Abiotic component
1. Air
2. Birds
3. Earthworm
4. Fire
5. Grass
6. Heat
7. Lightning
8. Rocks
9. Soil
10.Water

Q1. How do biotic factors differ from abiotic factors in terms of function or influence in an ecosystem?

What’s New

Activity 1: “Life within a small world”

Procedures:

1. Look at the picture carefully (Figure 1).
2. Identify the components that make up the ecosystem inside the jar.
3. Decide whether each thing inside the jar is living or non-living
4. Describe how each thing or condition influences one another.
5. Make and complete a similar table below on a separate sheet of paper.

[photo: glass jar aquarium with aquatic plants, fish, snails, and sand]

Figure 1(Source: Science Explorer Focus on Earth Science)

COMPONENT	FUNCTION ON ENVIRONMENT (ex. Produce important gas, Habitat for aquatic organisms, etc. )	BIOTIC OR ABIOTIC

Q1. Do you think life is possible within the jar? Explain your answer.

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Q2. What might happen to the fish if plants are not present? Why?

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Q3. If the animals are not around, what might happen to the plants? Why do you think so?

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Q4. Are there factors outside the aquarium that influence the growth of the organisms inside it? Cite at least one if any.

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Rubric Scoring for Explanation

Criteria	5	3	1	Score
Knowledge	Provides detailed explanation and complete response to the question	Provides clear explanation but incomplete response to the question	Provides unclear explanation and incomplete response to the question

What is It

A. Biotic component refers to all the living organisms in a habitat. This includes organisms such as human, animal, plants, bacteria, and decomposers.

• Human beings are one of the biotic components of an ecosystem and they depend from plants for food because they are not capable of producing own.
• Animals and human beings are alike in many ways. They are also biotic components that compose the ecosystem and help sustain the needs of other living organisms. Animals get food from the ecosystem such as plants, insects and mammals alike as well as the other forms of prey.
• Plants and grasses are also part of the biotic components of an ecosystem. They provide food and other important elements like oxygen to humans and animals. They also become source of shelter and other materials in the ecosystem.
• Bacteria and decomposers are also biotic components that help break down the remains of other living organisms by converting them into nutrients found in soil.

B. Abiotic component of an ecosystem refers to its non-living or physical environment. The physical environment is influenced by different factors such as water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, soil, air, minerals and nutrients.

• Water is one of the most important abiotic factors that carry life to all living things. It covers the largest part of the world such as the ocean, rivers, lakes and other bodies of water which are considered the habitats of marine organisms. It is a component that completes the process of food making in plants which is known as photosynthesis.

  
  

• Sunlight is another necessary abiotic factor in an ecosystem. It plays a vital role in photosynthesis in order for the plants to sustain the production of food for other living organisms. Without this factor, few organisms will be able to survive.

  
  

• Oxygen is also an abiotic factor produced by plants that support breathing among humans and animals. It helps decompose decaying matters around us.

  
  

• Temperature a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness. It affects the kind of living organisms that can survive in a certain place.

  
  

• Soil is an abiotic factor where the plants grow and live. It contains rock fragments and nutrients coming from the remains of decaying bodies. It is also a home for different microorganisms and living organisms like plants.

  
  

• Minerals/Nutrients are other essential substances from the soil needed by plants and animals for their growth.

  
  

• Air in the atmosphere is comprised of gases needed for the growth and development of organisms. An example of this is the carbon dioxide which is needed by plants for food production; and oxygen which is a gas needed by humans and animals for respiration.

  
  

What’s More

Activity 2: Find Me!

Directions: Below is a word puzzle containing biotic and abiotic factors. Identify these factors from the word puzzle. Copy the identified factors from the puzzle on a separate sheet of paper and match it with the descriptions that follow.

S	N	B	M	A	C	B	A	C	T	E	R	I	A
U	N	C	L	E	V	A	S	G	B	S	A	M	S
N	A	O	X	Y	G	E	N	R	T	Y	U	I	O
L	V	P	L	G	F	E	R	H	U	M	A	N	I
I	M	E	V	A	S	D	X	Z	S	W	N	E	L
G	K	P	L	A	N	T	S	F	G	A	I	R	B
H	K	T	E	D	C	G	H	J	L	T	M	A	R
T	E	M	P	E	R	A	T	U	R	E	A	L	R
L	Y	P	E	H	J	N	M	R	T	R	L	S	S
R	U	V	D	Q	W	E	R	T	Y	U	S	B	C
D	E	C	O	M	P	O	S	E	R	H	R	T	I

1. It is vital for the survival of all organisms. The amount of this in the environment is influenced by the amount of rainfall. It serves as the habitat of aquatic organisms.

   
   

2. The abiotic factor which determines the kind of living organisms that can survive in a certain place. It may promote growth and development among organisms in an area.

   
   

3. The abiotic factor comprised of different gases released from plants and animals needed for the growth and development of organisms.

   
   

4. The abiotic factor produced by plants that is important to respiration of humans and other animals.

   
   

5. It is an abiotic factor where the plants absorb nutrients and water in order to grow.

   
   

6. It is a very important component in the photosynthetic activity in plants to support life with other biotic components. It comes from the sun.

   
   

7. It is a component of an ecosystem that depends from plants for food because they are not capable of producing their own.

   
   

8. The biotic factor decomposes dead bodies in order to increase nutrients of soil.

   
   

9. This biotic factor provides food and oxygen to all living organisms.

   
   

10. These are abiotic factors such as vitamins and proteins in the soil needed for plant growth.

    
    

What I Have Learned

Directions: Differentiate biotic from abiotic components of an ecosystem in terms of meaning, factors, and functions. Use the Venn diagram as shown below. Place the similarities at the center and the differences at the opposite circles of the diagram. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

[chart: Venn diagram; no number or title printed. Labels: BIOTIC (left circle), ABIOTIC (right circle). Overlap (center) and circle interiors are blank.]

Q1. Describe the differences between biotic and abiotic components in terms of;

a. meaning- _____________________________________________

b. function- _____________________________________________

Q2 Do you think both biotic and abiotic components are important to the ecosystem? Support your answer. _____________________________________________

What I Can Do

Directions: Study the given illustrations below. Construct a poem of at least two tercets (three-line) stanzas to show your understanding of the illustration that follows. Write your poem on a separate sheet of paper.

[chart: diagram of relationships; no number or title printed. Nodes: SUN (top), PLANTS (bottom left), HUMAN BEINGS (bottom right). Arrows: from SUN to PLANTS; from SUN to HUMAN BEINGS; a right-pointing arrow from PLANTS to HUMAN BEINGS; a left-pointing arrow from HUMAN BEINGS to PLANTS.]

TITLE OF THE POEM

I. _____________________________________________

---

---

II. _____________________________________________

---

Rubric scoring for Poem

Criteria	5	3	1	Score
Title	Presents very creative title related to the topic	Presents creative title related to the topic	Presents title with a little creativity
Sequence	Presented two stanzas in a logical order	Presented one stanza in a logical order	Presented one stanza and not in logical order
Content	Show very good ideas	Shows good ideas	Shows little idea
Creativity	Very creative	Creative	With a little creativity

Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each question. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. A plant needs water, radiant energy, minerals, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to live. How are these requirements needed by plants categorized?

• A. Climate
• B. Minerals
• C. Biotic components
• D. Abiotic components

2. Which of the following represents an abiotic component of the environment?

• A. Flowing lava
• B. Cat nursing its young
• C. Sprouting mongo seeds
• D. Growing grasses on mountain

3. Which of the following are needed in setting up an aquarium as a mini ecosystem?

• A. A number of fish and water only
• B. Combination of water, sand, soil and light
• C. Population of fish, snails, and plants only
• D. Communities of different species of organisms, water, sand, soil, and sunlight

4. On which abiotic factors would varieties of fish and seaweeds rely for their survival?

• A. Insects and sun
• B. Water and corals
• C. Water and temperature
• D. Solid particles and temperature

5. Which of the following is an abiotic factor produced by plants?

• A. Flower
• B. Fruit
• C. Oxygen
• D. Stem

6. Which ecosystems below would you find the highest rate of photosynthesis?

• A. Aquarium which contained water, fish, and plants
• B. Fish pond which comprised of mud fish and water lily
• C. Forest surrounded by tall trees, ferns, shrubs and animals
• D. Lake comprises of different varieties of fish, alligators, and water cabbage

7. The distribution of the different types of organisms in an ecosystem is affected by environmental changes. Verify which of these factors is more likely to affect the distribution of oxygen?

I. Amount of sunlight	III. Availability of nutrients from soil
II. Amount of precipitation	IV. Number of different kinds of plants

A. I & II only B. I, II & III only C. II, III, & IV only D. I, II, III, & IV

8. One of the following statements describes biotic factors in an ecosystem correctly. Which one is it?
   A. Gases and water in an area
   B. Non-living things in an organism’s environment
   C. Plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in an environment
   D. Solid materials such as rock and soil found everywhere

   
   

9. An aquarium contains fish, snail and hydrilla plants. The organisms mentioned belong to which of the following?
   A. Biotic factors
   B. Abiotic factors
   C. Both abiotic and biotic factors
   D. Neither abiotic nor biotic factors

   
   

10. Your aquarium contains greater number of fish and few hydrilla plants. You feed the fish regularly but after few days you noticed that an increased number of fish died. Which of the following most likely caused this?
    A. More food intake by the fish
    B. Less energy is absorb from the environment
    C. Lack of food and water for the fish to survive
    D. Shortage of oxygen as life support for the fish to live

    
    

11. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

    
    

I. All animals and bacteria in the environment are biotic components. II. All living things and the non-living things in an environment are abiotic components

A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. Neither I nor II

12. Which of the following abiotic factors are found in the atmosphere?
    A. Pebbles and air
    B. Eagles and bacteria
    C. Bacteria and Corona virus
    D. Oxygen and carbon dioxide

    
    

13. Our cells need this kind of abiotic factor in order to survive. Which of the following factors may cause death when it is absent for an hour?
    A. Food
    B. Nitrogen
    C. Oxygen
    D. Water

    
    

14. Ecosystem like forest is comprised of several biotic and abiotic components. What components can be found in the forest?

    
    

I. Bird and snake	III. Waterfalls and rocks
II. Algae and mushroom	IV. Monkey and wild pig

A. I and II only B. II and III only C. II and IV only D. I, II, III and IV

15. Which of the following statements below regarding abiotic factors are TRUE?

I. Abiotic components include plants, decomposers, air, sunlight and water. II. Abiotic components comprise things such as temperature, rocks, soil and minerals. III. Abiotic factors such as sunlight and water sustain life for living organisms in our environment.

A. I , II and III B. I and II only C. I and III only D. II and III only

Additional Activities

Directions: Try to perform the activity below to give you more ideas on how the organisms interact with one another in order to live. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Procedures:

1. Prepare two empty containers of same size with cover (Recycled bottles).
2. Fill each container with water until it is about two-third (2/3) full.
3. Mark one container as setup A and the other one is setup B.
4. Add each setup the following things indicated in the table.

Table 1

SETUP A	SETUP B
Water	Water
Snail and small fish	Snail and small fish
Hydrilla or water cabbage	Without plant
Small pebbles	Small pebbles

5. Cover each setup and place it in one area.
6. Observe the two setups for two to three days.
7. Answer the guide questions on a separate sheet of paper.

Guide Questions:

Q1. What happened to the snail and fish in each set-up after two or three days?

---

Q2. In which setup was the fish still alive after two or three days? Why is this so?

---

Q3. What do you think will happen to the snail and fish in each of the set-up when left closed for a longer period of time? Explain your answer.

---

Rubric Scoring for Explanation

Criteria	5	3	1	Score
Knowledge	Provides detailed explanation and complete response to the question	Provides clear explanation but incomplete response to the question	Provides unclear explanation and incomplete response to the question

Answer Key

[transcriber’s note: the answer key on this page is partly printed upside down and was re-oriented for reading. The layout is reconstructed from the scan.]

LESSON 1

ASSESSMENT

Item	Answer
1	C
2	B
3	A
4	A
5	A
6	D
7	A
8	A
9	C
10	A
11	C
12	B
13	A
14	D
15	C

WHAT I KNOW

Item	Answer
1	C
2	C
3	A
4	B
5	A
6	A
7	C
8	B
9	A
10	B
11	A
12	A
13	A
14	D
15	A

What’s in!

(Activity 1)

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A

(Activity 2)

Habitat is the place where the organisms such as a plant, animal, or other organism are living and survive.

1. The non-living things needed by plants to grow are the following:
   1.1. Water
   1.2. Soil
   1.3 Sunlight

   
   

   Other possible answers such as air, temperature, nutrients, carbon dioxide, etc.

   
   

2. The plants need enough sunlight, proper temperature, good moisture, air, enough water, and nutrients in order to grow healthy. (Answers may vary)

   
   

3. Yes, because they are living organisms are plants able to grow, adapt the environment, and reproduce like human beings and animals. (Answer may vary)

   
   

What’s New?

(Activity 1)

Sample table with answer

Organism	Number of population
1. Para grass	13
2. Bug	3
3. Ant	6
4. Earthworm	5

Q1. What living organisms found in an illustration?

The living organisms are Para grass, bug, ant, and earthworm.

Q2. What organism has the most number?

Para grass has the most number

Q3. What organism has the least number?

Bug has the least number

Q4. How will you describe the color of the soil?

The soil has dark brown or black color. (Answers may vary)

Q5. Does the color and type of soil in a quadrant affect the number of plants and animals/insects living in that area?

Yes, because dark brown or black color indicates that the soil has high organic matter content which helps the plants to grow healthy and yields more products. If more plants will grow, more numbers of insects will stay and grow in a certain area. (Answers may vary)

Q6. What non-living things affect the number of organisms living in a certain place?

The amount of sunlight, it is because the area is surrounded by tall trees. (Answer may vary)

What I Have Learned

Sample answer:

1. I chose the word biotic component.
2. This word refers to all living (biotic) things found in an ecosystem.
3. It is different from abiotic component because it refers to all non-living (abiotic) things found in an ecosystem.
4. In addition, I learned that biotic components are dependent on abiotic components in order to survive.
5. Finally, the most important learning for me is about ecosystem that it is made up both abiotic component and biotic component interact to each other.

(All answers may vary from the students)

What’s more?

Sample answer for activity 4: Break it down!

Ecosystem	Abiotic components	Biotic Components
FOREST	Soil	Trees
	Rocks	Monkey
	Water	Birds
OCEAN	Water	Shark/ Fish
	Nutrients	Sea weeds
	Sunlight	Crabs
RIVER	Water	Crabs
	Rocks	Shrimps
	Sunlight	Ferns
FISH POND	Soil	Mud fish
	Water	Frog
	Sunlight	crabs
VEGETABLE GARDEN	Soil	Vegetables
	Nutrients	Insects
	Sunlight	Grass

Q1. Are the living things found in one ecosystem the same with what you found in other ecosystem? Cite an example

Yes, there is some living organisms found in one ecosystem the same with other ecosystem. For example; Crabs found in ocean, river and ponds. (Answer may vary)

Q2. What are found in an ecosystem?

Both living and non-living things found in an ecosystem. (Answer may vary)

Q3. Can you consider a flower pot as an ecosystem? Why

Yes, because it consists both living (abiotic) and non-living (biotic) [?] things interact to each other. (Answer may vary)

LESSON 2

ASSESSMENT

Item	Answer
1	D
2	A
3	D
4	C
5	C
6	C
7	D
8	C
9	A
10	D
11	A
12	D
13	C
14	D
15	D

WHAT I KNOW

Item	Answer
1	A
2	A
3	D
4	C
5	C
6	A
7	A
8	C
9	D
10	D

What’s in

1. Abiotic
2. Biotic
3. Biotic
4. Abiotic
5. Biotic
6. Abiotic
7. Abiotic
8. Abiotic
9. Abiotic
10. Abiotic

Q1. How do biotic factors differ from abiotic factors in terms of function or influence in an ecosystem?

Abiotic factors refer to non-living factors such as water and air that support life to all living things whereas biotic factors are living things such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and etc. that depend their lives on non-living things. (Answer may vary)

What’s New?

Sample table with answer;

THING OR CONDITION	FUNCTION ON ENVIRONMENT (Produce oxygen, Produce carbon dioxide, and Habitat for aquatic organisms)	BIOTIC OR ABIOTIC
1. Fish/ Snail	Produce carbon dioxide	BIOTIC
2. Plant	Produce oxygen,	BIOTIC
3. Water	Habitat for aquatic organisms	ABIOTIC

Q1. Do you think life is possible within the jar? Explain your answer.

Yes, because living organisms like fish can breathe due to the availability of oxygen presence of plants that provides oxygen and water that serves its habitat. (Answer may vary)

Q2. What might happen to the fish if plants are not present? Why?

The fish will easily die because no oxygen will support life. (Answer may vary)

Q3. If the animals are not around, what might happen to the plants? Why do you think so?

Plants will easily die because no carbon dioxide will be used in making of their food. (Answer may vary)

Q4. Are there factors outside the aquarium that influence the growth of the organisms inside it? Cite at least one if any.

Yes, such as the sunlight and temperature from surroundings. (Answer may vary)

Additional Activities

Q1. What things are found in the garden?

Examples: Flowers, vegetables, grasses, insects, birds, soil, water, sunlight, air, and nutrients. (Answer may vary)

Q2. Which of these things are living? Which of these things are non-living?

Living things such as flowers, vegetables, grasses, insects, and birds. These are non-living things such as soil, water, sunlight, air, and nutrients. (Answer may vary)

Q3. Observe the things that you identified as living. What do they have in common?

Living things are commonly known as biotic components that need foods and energy from the environment in order to grow, reproduce, and survive. (Answer may vary)

Q4. Observe the things that you identified as non-living. What do they have in common?

Non-living things are commonly known as abiotic components that support life of living organisms in the environment. (Answer may vary)

Q5. Do you think that living and non-living things depend on each other in order to survive? Why do you think so?

Yes, because without non-living things such as oxygen, sunlight, water and other important materials all living things cannot survive. (Answer may vary)

Q6. What makes living things different from non-living things?

Living things breathe, reproduce, grow, move and die while non-living things do not breathe, reproduce, grow and move. (Answer may vary)

What I Have Learned

Venn diagram:

[chart: Venn diagram; What I Have Learned]

• Left circle, heading: ABIOTIC. Text: It refers to all non-living factors. Examples: 1. Water 2. Air 3. Sunlight 4. Temperature 5. Soil 6. Nutrients
• Right circle, heading: BIOTIC. Text: It refers to all living things. Examples: 1. Human being 2. Animals 3. Plants 4. Bacteria 5. Decomposer 6. Insects
• Center overlap: Components of an ecosystem; Support life

Q1. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic components? Refer to Venn diagram

Q2. Do you think both biotic and abiotic components are important to the ecosystem? Support your answer.

Yes, because biotic components get their source of food and energy from abiotic components in order to survive. Otherwise, some abiotic components were produced and managed by biotic components to continue the cycle of life. (Answer may vary)

What’s more?

[transcriber’s note: the word search grid is printed upside down; the rows below are re-oriented for reading]

SNBMACBACTERIA
UNCLEVASGBSAMS
NAOXYGENRTYUIO
LVPLGFERHUMANI
IMEVASDXZSWNEL
GKPLANTSFGAIRB
HKTEDCGHJLTMAR
TEMPERATURELR
LYPEHJNMRTRLSS
RUVDQWERTYUSBC
TOSVIRUSFGHRTI

Answers:

1. Water
2. Temperature
3. Air
4. Oxygen
5. Soil
6. Sunlight
7. Human/ Animals
8. Bacteria/ Decomposer
9. Plants
10. Minerals

Additional Activities

Q1. What happened to the snail and fish in each set up after two or three days?

• In set up A, both fish and snail are still alive.
• In set up B, both the fish and snail will die.

(Answer may vary)

Q2. In which set up was the fish still alive after two or three days? Why is this so?

In set up A, where it contained plants that provides oxygen to support life. (Answer may vary)

Q3. What do you think will happen to the snail and fish in each of the set up when left closed for a longer period of time? Explain your answer.

The fish and snail will die easily in set up B because no presence of plants. In set up A, the fish and snail will stay living because of the presence of plants that provide oxygen within but will die soon if it is left closed for a longer period of time. (Answer may vary)

References

A. Books

Asuncion, Alvie J.; Catalan, Helen D. Ph.D.; Catris, Leticia H. Ph.D.; Ferido, Marlene B. Ph.D. 2017. Science Learner’s Material. Pasig City: FEP Printing Corporation.

Bates, Mary. 2019. nationalgeographic. February 24. Accessed June 6, 2020. https://nationalgeographic.com.au/animals/why-do-these-monkeys-nurse-each-others.

Castillo, Katrina. n.d. wallpaperflare. Accessed June 6, 2020. https://www.wallpaperflare.com/orange-crab-photo-galapagos-ecuador-nature-wildlife-one-animal.

Commons, Creative. 2016. pxhere. December 30. Accessed June 6, 2020. https://pxhere.com/en/photo/135323.

Flores, Alvin C., Evelyn L. Josue, and Merle C. Tan. 2004. Integrated Science: Science and Technology Textbook for First Year. Caloocan City: Grand C Graphics, Inc.

Hans. n.d. needpix. Accessed July 11, 2020. https://www.needpix.com/photo/18/tree-landscape-nature.

Miller, Susanne. 2012. flicker. November 29. Accessed june 6, 2020. https://www.flicker.com/photos/usfwshq/8229603479.

Mitchell, Evelyn. n.d. wallpaperflare. Accessed June 6, 2020. https://www.wallpaperflare.com/uttar-pradesh-small-plants-house-plants.

n.d. pxfuel. Accessed June 6, 2020. https://www.pxfuel.com/en/free-photo-jmgmi.

n.d. pxhere. Accessed July 11, 2020. https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1561003.

Spragg, Bernard NZ. 2017. flicker. April 15. Accessed June 6, 2020. https://www.flicker.com/photos/volvob12b/35516434605.

Teacher, India’s Best;. n.d. byjus. Accessed June 7, 2020. https://byjus.com/biology/biotic-and-abiotic/.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph